GPS动态变形监测中多路径效应的削弱方法

随着GPS、RTK技术的逐步成熟,具有高效、快速、全自动、全天候、高精度等优越性能的变形监测方法在特大型土木水利工程中开始应用。但在现阶段,由于强反射或者电磁波强辐射的环境,多路径效应大大影响了监测精度甚至无法进行监测。尤其是在水利工程中其巨大部分面积为水域,其对接收卫星信号的多路径效应非常严重,这将是制约GPS在土木水利工程中广泛应用的一个主要因素。因此,如何削弱多路径效应误差已成为GPS高精度测量的主要问题之一。     

变形监测中GPS多路径效应的削弱方法研究

本文主要从GPS的基本观测方程出发,通过数学分析的方法,在GPS观测值之间建立数学模型,进一步分别推导了伪距观测值和相位观测值中多路径效应的影响。此外,主要研究了利用相位平滑伪距削弱伪距多路径误差的方法,以及利用小波分析的方法对GPS多路径值序列进行分解和重构,提取出高精度的多路径误差,并通过实验数据分析了几种方法中的多路径效应。     

电离层对GPS测量的影响

GPS作为一种无线电导航系统,受到很多误差源的影响,即:卫星轨道误差、卫星钟差、电离层延迟误差、对流层延迟误差、多路径误差、接收机钟差和测量噪声等误差。其中,自从SA(Selected Availability)于2000年5月1日取消以后,电离层误差是最大的一项误差。电离层延迟对GPS定位的影响结果,主要体现在定位精度的降低和定位方法的限制等方面。电离层使接收到的GPS信号产生延迟,从几米到百米以上。如果不考虑这种影响,就会严重降低GPS定位和授时的精度。因此,电离层误差是GPS测量中的主要误差源,必须加以改正。本文介绍了电离层对GPS定位的影响,包括码群延迟(即绝对测距误差)、载波相位超前(即相对测距误差)、多普勒时延(即距速误差)以及信号衰减(即振幅闪烁),并论述了影响电离层密度的因素。     

浅谈GPS接收机的多路径误差

多路径效应是GPS测量中的一种常见误差源。本文通过对严重损害GPS测量精度的GPS多路径效应误差及其影响进行了分析,提出了一些有效的、在实践中总结出来的减弱多路径效应的对策以减少其对测量数据的影响。     

参试测量中GPS陆地基准站的多路径效应与对策

多路径效应是GPS在测量中的一种常见误差源。本文通过对严重损害GPS测量精度的GPS多路径效应误差及其影响进行了分析,提出了一些有效的、在实践中总结出来的减弱多路径效应的对策以减少其对测量数据的影响。     

基于改进粒子滤波算法的GPS多路径效应理论与试验研究

为了有效地提高GPS定位结果的精度,进行了多路径误差的理论与试验研究.建立了一套GPS多路径信号模拟与监测系统,通过在流动站天线不同高度、不同距离处放置反射板,获取了连续两天的GPS监测数据;将改进的粒子滤波算法用于GPS数据后处理中.结果表明,改进的粒子滤波算法能够有效地消除GPS信号接收机本身的系统噪声,消噪后连续两天多路径信号的相关性较消噪前有了大幅度提高.通过比较发现,反射物在不同距离引起的多路径误差具有一定的规律性,随着距离的增加多路径误差逐渐减小,且在增加相同距离的情况下减小的幅度越来越小.     

影响GPS测量的电离层延迟模型研究

GPS作为一种无线电导航系统,受到很多误差源的影响,如:卫星轨道误差、卫星钟差、电离层延迟误差、对流层延迟误差、多路径误差、接收机钟差和测量噪声等误差。其中,自从SA(Selected Availability)于2000年5月1日取消以后,电离层误差是最大的一项误差。为了消除电离层延迟的影响,GPS导航定位中采用了双频改正法、利用电离层延迟的空间相关性差分以及各种电离层模型来削弱其影响。本文探讨了常用的修正GPS电离层延迟的模型和经验改正公式:Bent模型,IRI模型,Klubuchar模型,双频改正法等,并详细论述了如何利用双频观测值建立电离层模型。     

GPS对流层延迟的历元间差分分析

GPS(Global Positioning System)观测难免受到各种因素的影响,虽然可以通过不同观测组合和改正模型予以消弱,但总有一定的残留误差对定位结果产生影响.基于精密单点定位理论,通过无电离层组合模型、高精度GPS卫星轨道、卫星钟差来削弱电离层延迟误差、轨道误差的影响,以不同采样间隔的观测数据,分析对流层延迟历元间差分结果的特性;分析不同采样间隔观测中,对流层延迟历元间差分值的变化,对流层延迟对历元间差分观测值的影响;残留误差对历元间差分结果、组合观测值的影响;残留误差在时间序列上的变化.     

附加斜率绝对值法的模态相关EMD-ICA滤波降噪算法及GPS应用研究

为了削弱或剔除GPS测量数据或信号中混杂的噪音成份以及GPS多路径效应误差,提出一种附加斜率绝对值法的模态相关EMD-ICA滤波降噪法,并通过一定的数学推导,证明了斜率绝对值法具有一定合理性。通过实验将该方法与现有几种滤波法进行比较,验证了新方法能够有效处理GPS测量数据中的噪音成份以及削弱多路径效应误差,并且取得较好的效果。     

GPS单历元精密单点定位精度分析

普通精密单点定位主要是针对多历元观测数据,本研究重点关注单历元精密单点定位及其精度分析.在分析GPS单历元观测量误差源基础上,讨论了单历元非差精密单点定位误差;给出了单历元非差精密单点定位的解算流程,对Bjfs、Mizu、Wuhn和Lhaz等4个IGS站1天的实际观测数据分别进行了处理,单历元精密单点定位精度达到了4.5 cm,与GPS RTK结果精度一致.单历元精密单点定位只需一个测站的单一历元观测就可以进行精确定位,而GPS RTK至少需要两台仪器.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to