4-甲氧甲基苄基拟除虫菊酯的合成

用十三种拟除虫菊酸合成了4-甲氧甲基苄基拟除虫菊酯及其α-氰基衍生物共十七种.为作比较,用类似的方法合成了3-苯氧基苄基拟除虫菊酯及其α-氰基衍生物共二十二种.对所有合成的酯用敏感系的蚊(幼虫及成虫),家蝇和(虫非)蠊作了生物活性测试.测试的结果显示: 4-甲氧甲基苄酯与著名的3-苯氧基苄酯对昆虫的生物活性互有上下,基本相当.前者的致死作用略低于后者,而对家蝇的击倒效果却优于后者.所以4-甲氧甲基苄醇可有效地作为合成拟除虫菊酯的醇组分. 3-苯氧基苄醇引上α-氰基后,其酯的致死作用得到增强,但其击倒作用变化却并不显著.而4-甲氧甲基苄醇引上α-氰基后,其酯的药效降低. 在所有新合成的拟除虫菊酯中,有三种4-甲氧甲基苄酯在所测定的生物活性方面优于生物烯丙菊酯,其中之一还具有良好的熏蒸效果,适用于蚊香,可代替天然除虫菊浸膏.     

2,2-二甲基-3-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)-环丙烷羧酸-α-氰基-4-氟-3-苯氧基苄酯的光学异构体的全合成

本文详细介绍了2,2-二甲基-3-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)-环丙烷羧酸-α-氰基-4-氟-3-苯氧基苄酯的光学异构体的全合成方法。通过比较选择出一条合成醇组份中间体-4-氟-3-苯氧基苯甲醛的较实用的路线;利用立体有择反应进行脱卤化氢环化合成了外消旋富顺式二氯菊酸。同时设计了一条合成α-苯基-β-对甲苯基乙胺(PTE)的新路线,以“优先结晶法”拆分得到( )PTE和(一)FTE拆分剂。将外消旋顺式和反式二氯菊酸分别进行拆分、酯化,制得上述酯的几种光学活性异构体。为了阐明酯的化学结构与生物活性的关系,还分别进行了杀虫药效测试,并证实了( )-顺式异构体是一种高效含氟拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂。     

2,2-二甲基-3-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)一环丙烷羧酸-α-氰基-4-氟-3-苯氧基苄酯的光学异构体的全合成

本文详细介绍了2,2-二甲基-3-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)-环丙烷羧酸-α-氰基-4-氟-3-苯氧基苄酯的光学异构体的全合成方法.通过比较选择出一条合成醇组份中间体-4-氟-3-苯氧基苯甲醛的较实用的路线;利用立体有择反应进行脱卤化氢环化合成了外消旋富顺式二氯菊酸.同时设计了一条合成α-苯基-β-对甲苯基乙胺(PTE)的新路线,以“优先结晶法”拆分得到(+)PTE和(一)PTE拆分剂.将外消旋顺式和反式二氯菊酸分别进行拆分、酯化,制得上述酯的几种光学活性异构体. 为了阐明酯的化学结构与生物活性的关系,还分别进行了杀虫药效测试,并证实了(+)-顺式异构体是一种高效含氟拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂.     

(±)-顺式二氯含氟甲苄菊酯的生物活性研究

近年来 ,由于含氟有机化合物具有增大分子疏水性 ,质子模拟性 ,高极性 ,挥发性等特性而广泛应用于新医农药的创制之中[1] 。本文作者曾对较低活性的拟除虫菊酯即 (± ) -反式 - 2 ,2 -二甲基 - 3-异丁烯基环丙烷羧酸对甲氧甲基苄酯[2 ,3] (以下简称甲苄菊酯 )进行结构改造 ,在醇组分的苯环上引进氟原子 ,合成了 3-氟 ( 2 -氟 ) - 4 -对甲氧甲基苄醇的各种菊酸酯[4 ,5] 。生物测试的结果表明含氟甲苄醇具有较高的生物活性 ,以此为先导化合物 ,可望筛选出一些新的高活性化合物。作为该项工作的继续 ,本文合成了 (± ) -顺式 - 2 ,2 -二甲基 - …     

消旋-顺,反2,2-二甲基-3-(2′-氯乙炔基)环丙烷羧酸对甲氧甲基苄酯的合成和杀虫药效

消旋-顺,反2,2-二甲基-3-(2',2'-二氯乙烯基)-环丙烷羧酸乙酯用乙醇钠醇溶液处理脱去一分子氯化氢生成的消旋-顺,反-2,2-二甲基-3-(2'-氯乙炔基)-环丙烷羧酸乙酯,再经皂化、酸化制得相应的羧酸.后者的钠盐分别和氯化对甲氧甲基苄基三乙铵及氯化3-苯氧基苄基三乙铵进行酯化制成一氯甲苄菊酯及一氯菊苯醚酯(Ⅵ及Ⅶ).通过对家蝇成虫、淡色库蚊四龄孑??及雄性德国小蠊的药效比较,前一种新合成拟除虫菊酯比后者为优越.     

N,N-二甲基-3,4-二氯苄胺的合成及其海洋防污性能研究

以3,4-二氯苄氯、二甲胺为原料设计合成N,N-二甲基-3,4-二氯苄胺(简称DCDMA),考察了物料摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间对N,N-二甲基-3,4-二氯苄胺产率的影响。确定最佳反应选择如下:n(3,4-二氯苄氯):n(二甲胺)=1:2.5,反应温度45℃,反应时间2.5 h。在此条件下,产率达到最高为88.63%,目标化合物的结构经红外、氢谱和碳谱进行了表征。室内防污性能测试结果显示,此化合物具有明显的防污效果,初步表明DCDMA在防污剂中具有一定开发应用价值。     

7-氨基-3-乙烯基头孢烷酸的合成

7-氨基-3-乙烯基头孢烷酸(7-AVCA)是合成头孢地尼和头孢克肟的重要中间体。以7-苯乙酰氨基-3-氯甲基-4-头孢烷酸对甲氧基苄酯(GCLE)为起始原料,经Wittig反应,酶解得到7-AVCA。实验结果表明:当n(NaI)∶n(NaBr)=1∶3时,可大大降低生产成本,且不影响产品收率;当V(CH2Cl2)∶V(CH3OH)=1∶4时,7-苯乙酰氨基-3-乙烯基-4-头孢烷酸对甲氧苄酯(GVNE)的收率为93%,纯度为98.5%;在高效液相色谱的质量分数w(HPLC)0.2%时,产品的收率为85%(以7-苯乙酰氨基-3-氯甲基-4-头孢烷酸对甲氧基苄酯(GCLE)记的产品),纯度为99.8%。该合成路线步骤简单、条件温和,对环境污染小。     

6-(2,4-二氯苄氧基)-7-甲基-4-羟基-3-喹啉羧酸乙酯的合成

本文设计并合成了一个未见文献报道的抗球虫化合物——6-(2,4-二氯苄氧基)-7-甲基-4-羟基-3-喹啉羧酸乙酯。化合物的结构经1H NMR,IR和HRMS等方法确证。     

含酰氧基三嗪酮类化合物的合成及生物活性

为了寻找具有更高生物活性的三嗪酮类化合物,通过活性亚结构拼接法设计并合成了8种含酰氧基三嗪酮类化合物(3a-3b),经1 H NMR、13 C NMR和HRMS确证其结构。杀虫活性测试结果表明:在添加量为200mg/kg时,化合物乙基(6-甲基-3-氧-2,3-二氢-1,2,4-三嗪-4(5H)-酰基)氨基甲酸酯(3b,30%,30%,40%)、苯基(6-甲基-3-氧-2,3-二氢-1,2,4-三嗪-4(5H)-酰基)氨基甲酸酯(3f,30%,20%,60%)的杀虫活性优于吡蚜酮(0,0,0).在添加量为0.5g/kg时,化合物3b的杀蚊幼虫活性(40%)优于吡蚜酮(0).在添加量为50mg/kg时,化合物(4-氯苯基(6-甲基-3-氧-2,3-二氢-1,2,4-三嗪-4(5H)-酰基)氨基甲酸酯(3g)和苄基(6-甲基-3-氧-2,3-二氢-1,2,4-三嗪-4(5H)-酰基)氨基甲酸酯(3h)表现出较为优异的抑菌活性。     

山茱萸中生物活性物质的分离、鉴定及其神经保护作用

研究山茱萸乙醇提取物中生物活性成分的化学组成及其对神经的保护作用。采用正相常压硅胶、Sephadex LH-20凝胶、大孔吸附树脂、闪式低压正反相硅胶和氰基、反相高压液相等色谱方法对显示具有神经保护活性的组分进行分离纯化,根据核磁共振谱、质谱,同时结合已知文献数据对比鉴定化合物结构;再采用H_2O_2诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞氧化损伤模型对分离鉴定的化合物进行体外神经保护活性测定。结果表明,从山茱萸显示神经保护活性的组分中分离鉴定了9个化合物,分别为7-β-莫诺苷(1)、7-β-O-甲基莫诺苷(2)、7-α-0-甲基莫诺苷(3)、金吉苷(4)、cornolactones D(5)、pollenfuran A(6)、threo-2,3-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-ethoxypropan-1-ol (7)、5-羟甲基糠醛(8)和3,4-二-羟基苯甲酸(9);其中化合物pollenfuran A(6)和threo-2,3-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-ethoxypropan-1-ol(7)为首次从山茱萸属植物中分离得到,化合物cornolactones D(5)为首次从山茱萸中分离得到;化合物7-β-莫诺苷(1)、7-β-0-甲基莫诺苷(2)、7-α-0-甲基莫诺苷(3)具有神经保护活性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~