沥青混合料单轴贯入数值试验方法

基于二维颗粒流软件PFC2D构建了沥青混合料单轴贯入数值试验方法;研究了试件尺寸、加载速率、计算时步值等条件对单轴贯入数值试验结果的影响;确定了数值试验的标准条件,评价了单轴贯入数值试验方法的可靠性;分析了单轴贯入试验的细观机制。结果表明:试件尺寸为Φ101. 6 mm×h63. 5 mm、加载速率为1 mm·min-1、计算时步为1×10-3s·step-1时,数值试验可取得稳定结果;贯入强度实测曲线与模拟曲线基本吻合,单轴贯入数值试验误差在4%以内;随着荷载贯入,应变也随之增大,细观接触力越来越密集且作用力越来越大,并逐渐向试件底部扩展;随着贯入量的增加,试件两侧接触力逐渐密集,但无显著的集中现象;接触力网络的纵向变化亦明显于横向变化。     

基于离散元方法的沥青混合料虚拟三轴剪切试验三维模拟

基于离散元方法建立了沥青混合料的细观力学结构模型,并通过虚拟三轴剪切试验,模拟验证了该模型的合理性.首先,开发了基于方孔筛工作机制的粗集料生成算法,建立了不规则形状的颗粒,使得粗集料的形状控制多样化和精确化.然后,将具有实际纵向分布特征的空隙相引入到沥青混合料的细观结构模型中,取代了传统方法中空隙随机分布的处理模式.结合室内试验和虚拟试验,获取了中高温条件下的沥青砂浆接触本构模型参数.虚拟三轴剪切试验的模拟结果以及对沥青混合料抗剪强度的预测结果验证了建立的细观结构力学模型的合理性,离散元虚拟试件产生的剪切破坏和实际试件破坏形态一致,由虚拟试验得到的抗剪强度和实际结果基本吻合.     

沥青混合料抗剪试验方法研究

利用单轴贯入试验和无侧限抗压试验，对沥青混合料的抗剪性能进行评价．研究中利用三维有限元分析，论证了该方法的可行性，提出利用单轴贯入试验数据来求解混合料抗剪强度的强度参数．通过对大量试验数据的分析，提出沥青混合料破坏拐点的概念，给出了单轴贯入试验的试验条件和环境；同时结合无侧限抗压试验数据建立了求解混合料粘聚力和内摩擦角的公式结果表明，单轴贯入试验可以有效地评价沥青混合料的抗剪性能．     

考虑剪切性能的泡沫沥青混合料配合比设计

在传统泡沫沥青冷再生混合料配合比设计的基础上,基于摩尔–库伦强度理论,提出考虑抗拉、抗水损和抗剪切性能的泡沫沥青用量综合指标,优化了泡沫沥青冷再生混合料配合比设计方法.同时为解决车辙试验试件成型复杂、耗材多、耗时长等缺陷,提出基于标准马歇尔试件的单轴贯入试验对混合料高温抗剪切性能进行评价,为设计和检验高抗剪泡沫沥青冷再...     

沥青混合料抗剪强度影响因素的试验研究

文章利用单轴贯入实验这种评价沥青混合料抗剪强度的方法,分析沥青混合料的压实度、加载速率等因素对其抗剪强度指标值的影响,找出其中的相关影响规律。为沥青混合料设计、施工控制提供技术依据。     

基于三维离散元法的沥青混合料断裂过程模拟

为了从材料细观结构角度研究沥青混凝土的断裂机理,运用离散元程序PFC3D内的"Fish"语言,采用多球相互重叠的方法描述粗集料颗粒的空间不规则形状,结合集料颗粒的随机投放算法和离散元的空隙处理方法,建立了沥青混凝土小梁试件的三维离散元模型;通过室内沥青砂浆单轴压缩试验和劈裂试验,并结合宏观性能与微观力学参数的转化关系,获得了用于离散元模拟的各类微观参数;采用三维离散元程序PFC3D,进行了-10℃和15℃条件下小梁中点弯曲断裂试验的离散元模拟,获得了弯曲断裂曲线;采用与混合料三维离散元结构相同沥青用量、空隙率和级配在室内成型了沥青混合料的小梁试件,并获得了室内实测断裂曲线.研究结果表明:所建立的离散元模型可以充分考虑集料颗粒的不规则形状、集料级配特征和空隙大小;三维离散元方法可以较好地模拟沥青混合料弯曲断裂过程中裂纹起始和扩展的现象,模拟结果与室内实测结果基本相当;三维离散元模拟可以作为研究沥青混合料断裂特征的辅助手段.     

基于单轴贯入试验的沥青混合料抗剪性能影响因素分析

为了确定沥青品种及用量、级配类型、公称最大粒径和孔隙率等因素对沥青混合料抗剪性能的影响,采用了单轴贯入试验分析。得出了各项因素对沥青混合料抗剪性能的影响规律。结果表明,采用改性沥青后混合料抗剪强度可提高22%~25%;2.36 mm筛孔通过率为35%,0.075 mm筛孔通过率为5.5%时混合料抗剪强度达到最大值;沥青混合料抗剪强度与公称最大粒径具有线性相关性,增大混合料粒径有助于提高其抗剪强度。     

沥青混合料剪胀力学行为研究综述

为了分析沥青混合料剪胀力学行为,阐述了沥青混合料剪胀行为,回顾了剪胀相关试验及剪胀模型的现状和问题,并对其研究方向进行了展望。研究结果表明:沥青混合料剪胀行为在车辙产生中起着关键作用;采用X-ray CT技术、离散元方法等对颗粒空间分布、大小、接触方式、破碎等进行定性及定量地分析沥青混合料变形机理和力学特性;通过建立微观力学模型,联系宏观力学变量与微观力学变量,使得微观测试、力学试验和数值模拟连为一体,预测沥青混合料剪胀行为,可为抗车辙沥青路面设计提供指导,开拓沥青混合料设计新思路。     

沥青混合料单轴压缩试验的离散元仿真

沥青混合料是一种具有非连续性特征的道路材料,而当前的道路设计理论却将其处理成连续均质体系,这使得材料的细观力学性质得不到应有的考虑。为突破常规数值方法基于连续性的理想假设,进行了某级配的沥青混合料单轴压缩试验的离散元模拟,并将模拟试验与室内试验进行了比较。结果表明,离散单元数值方法能够通过改变计算模型中颗粒单元的性质给出与实际试验相符的本构行为。此外,还针对离散元仿真试件的细观力学特征对沥青混合料本构行为的影响进行了初步的参数研究,并揭示了一些规律,这对于离散元方法今后在道路材料和结构工程中的实际应用提供了有益的指导。     

超薄磨耗层沥青混合料的抗剪性能

基于单轴贯入试验和无侧限抗压试验,研究了原材料参数和试验条件对沥青混合料抗剪强度的影响.通过室内试验研究了SBS掺量、补强剂掺量和级配类型对超薄磨耗层高温稳定性、低温抗裂性、水稳定性和抗剥落性能的影响.试验结果表明:骨架结构混合料的抗剪性能优于悬浮密实结构,SBS改性沥青混合料的抗剪性能优于基质沥青混合料;最佳沥青用量下的混合料抗剪强度较大,且补强剂可有效改善混合料的抗剪性能;高温条件和低速行驶的车辆都易造成超薄沥青磨耗层的剪切破坏.当SBS掺量为4.0%~4.5%、补强剂掺量为0.30%~0.50%时,超薄沥青磨耗层能兼顾抗剪性能和其他路用性能,同时满足经济性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to