图式理论对大学英语听力教学的启示

图式在听力理解的预测、推理过程中起着重要的作用。在大学英语听力教学中，培养学生的图式意识是提高听力理解水平的有效途径，设法启动学生已有的图式知识和为学生创造新的图式知识是英语听力课成功的关键所在。在教学方法上,结合运用图式知识理论所注重的“自下而上”和“自上而下”这两种信息处理方式能让学生较全面地理解和把握文章内容。     

浅谈预测技能在英语听力教学中的运用

听力理解是一个复杂的心理认知过程。但通过引入预测这一认知策略中的微技能，充分调动听者的图式背景知识，就可以调控这一认知过程，从而获得新的、准确的信息。在英语听力教学中，教师有计划地实施预测技能训练，能引导学生从有限的信息中挖掘更多的意义，大大提高听力学习兴趣和效率。     

浅谈初中学生英语听力能力的培养

听是英语学习的基础性技能,也是英语学习的重要途径。通过听觉领悟语言是一个复杂的过程,学生因为在个人反馈速度、识别判断能力、个人的知识经验方面的差异,对于相同的英语听力信息的接收理解能力也存在个性化的差异。因此,教师应以英语课堂为阵地,努力培养学生良好的听力习惯,传授学生有效的听力策略,使学生们在轻松愉快的氛围中提高听力水平,进而促进英语教学改革的深入发展。     

探析高职学生英语语篇的听力理解障碍

本文以高职学生在英语听力训练中出现的语篇听力理解困难问题为基础进行分析,针对学生注意力持续时间短、判断重点信息能力弱、短时记忆储存容量小和英语语言和文化背景知识缺失等系列问题,提出了五种应对方法,即树立选择性注意的意识、培养良好的预测能力、训练快速记笔记的技能、实践英语听力学习语境化以及建立自下而上的听力模式,并展开深入探讨。     

预测策略在听力训练中的应用

预测策略的应用对外语听力理解有着极其重要的影响,预测训练应成为英语听力教学中非常重要的一部分。本文阐述了预测策略在英语听力教学不同环节中的使用,强调预测训练在英语听力教学中的重要性。为了极大限度地发挥预测对听力理解的积极作用,教师在听力教学中应努力培养学生的预测意识和预测技能,利用已知信息预测未知信息,从而提高听力理解效果。     

图示理论在英语听力教学中的应用

听力理解力是具有英语交际能力的最基本条件。近些年来听力教学越来越受到人们的重视。然而在目前的听力教学中传统的听力教学方法仍然占主导地位,教学效果不佳。基于这一问题,本文试图从图式理论、听力过程中的信息处理方式、图式理论在英语听力教学中的应用来分析和探讨如何运用图式理论提高英语听力教学。     

基于图式理论的航海英语听力教学研究

本文以图式理论为基础,更加合理、科学的阐释了航海英语听的过程,指出了在航海英语听力教学中引导学生进行知识构建和激活已有知识体系的重要性,从而为学生提供正确的听说策略,提高航海技术专业学习者的航海英语听力评估成绩,真正提高其英语听说能力,为适应船上工作和生活打下坚实基础。     

文化背景知识在大学英语听力教学中的作用

文化背景知识作为学习英语语言的载体,对大学英语听力教学有着至关重要的作用。不同的国家、不同的民族有不同的风俗习惯及文化背景。英美文化背景知识的欠缺是导致学生存在英语听力障碍的原因之一。因此,英语听力教学中,教师在传授英语语言知识的同时还要重视英美文化知识的灌输,应帮助学生了解语言背后的文化内涵,这样有助于学生理解、掌握所学习的语言知识并攻克英语听力方面的难关,提高学生的英语听力水平。     

浅议大学英语学生听力技能的培养

大学英语听力教学是一个涉及到学生的英语基本功和英语语用能力的系统工程。对于学生的英语听力技能培养涉及到语音、词汇、语法知识、听力记忆、词汇量以及快速阅读速度等语言运用基本功,更涉及到提高学生利用语用策略对所听到的语音材料进行认知分析的能力。本文从对大学生英语听力基本训练以及提高大学生英语语用能力两个方面讨论了对大学生英语听力语用技能的培养。     

在英语听力教学中介绍相应文化背景知识的重要性与必要性

随着英语听力教学的不断深入和发展,文化背景知识越来越受到重视,而且不少学生对英美文化背景知识知之甚少。因此,在听力教学过程中介绍相应的文化背景知识不仅是重要的而且是必要的。在教学过程中,教师应该充分发挥作用,向学生尽可能多地介绍英语文化背景知识,增强学生的英美文化意识,培养学生的英语思维能力;在课外时间,教师还应该组织学生开展形式多样的活动,加深他们对英美文化背景知识的认识。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.