废旧锂离子电池中有价金属的回收

采用超声波分离电极材料-酸浸-钴锂沉淀新工艺分离并回收了废旧锂离子电池中的有价金属。超声波分离中所研究溶剂的分离效果为：NMP〉DMF〉DMSO〉〉丙酮。超声波处理可降低分离温度与时间。采用该工艺，电极材料用NMP于40℃超声波处理15min可完全剥离；所剥离电极材料中99．4％的钴锂可酸浸出；酸浸液中99．5％的钴离子可以高密度球形CoC2O4回收；钴沉淀分离后，滤液中94．5％的锂离子可以Li2CO3沉淀回收。以所回收钴锂化合物制备的LiCoO2具有良好的电化学性能。     

废旧钴酸锂离子电池材料中钴、锂的回收工艺研究

针对废旧锂离子电池对环境污染严重、资源浪费大等问题,对锂离子电池材料中的钴、锂回收工艺进行了研究,探索了废旧电池在NaCl溶液中预放电的最佳浓度和时间,对比分析了正极材料与集流体分离的三种方法,优化出酸浸工艺的最佳工艺参数,探索出了钴、锂沉淀的条件.结果显示,废旧电池在1.5 mol/L的NaCl溶液中放电5 h后可降电池电压至安全值;酸浸的最优的工艺参数为C(H~+)=3.5 mol/L,C(Na_2S_2O_3)=0.25 mol/L,T=90℃,Time=2.3 h,浸出率可达到了99.5%;采用NaOH溶液将pH调至8.5左右可以将钴离子完全沉淀,得到Co(OH)_2沉淀物;采用NaOH溶液调节pH12,再加入适量的Na_2CO_3沉淀锂,锂回收率为73%.     

锰酸锂动力锂离子二次电池中主要化学元素的回收研究

介绍了锰酸锂废旧锂离子电池经放电处理后,再对其进行拆解→活性物质剥离→酸溶→沉淀回收Mn、Li等工艺处理,有效地回收了其中的锰和锂。实验结果表明:用2mol·L-1的HNO3 1mol·L-1的H2O2体系,在固液比为65g·L-1的情况下对经过600℃处理的锰酸锂进行酸溶效果最佳,LiMn2O4的溶解率为100%,锰的回收率达98%,所得Li2CO3沉淀纯度可达97%以上。     

废旧锂离子电池正极有价金属的回收研究

采用柠檬酸-葡萄糖体系直接酸浸正极片来回收有价金属,探讨了柠檬酸浓度、葡萄糖用量、反应温度、反应时间和固液比对钴、锂浸出率的影响。结果表明,在柠檬酸浓度为1.5mol/L、葡萄糖与正极片质量比为1∶1、反应温度为100℃、浸出时间为3h和固液比为20g/L的条件下,钴、锂的整体浸出率达到98.0%。酸浸机理表明,钴离子和锂离子与柠檬酸阴离子的配位结合对提高钴、锂整体浸出率具有重要作用。沉淀原理表明,由于Li2CO3的溶度积常数较大,在有机酸体系中锂离子主要以配离子的形式存在而不会被碳酸根沉淀。     

LiCoO2的化学分解浸取过程

废旧锂离子电池中钴的含量较高．钴具有较强的毒性,且资源稀少．为此,研究了废旧锂离子电池的湿法回收工艺过程,并分析了废旧锂离子电池中钴和锂在硫酸溶液中的漫取过程动力学．采用了解体电池塑料外壳、钢壳、正负极材料、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)分离铝箔与正极活性材料以及硫酸浸取钴与锂的回收工艺．结果表明,铝片的回收率接近100％,钴和锂的浸取率均超过99．6％,同时分析了漫取过程中的工艺参数对钴和锂的漫取率的影响．     

锰酸锂动力锂离子二次电池中主要化学元素的回收研究

介绍了锰酸锂废旧锂离子电池经放电处理后, 再对其进行拆解→活性物质剥离→酸溶→沉淀回收Mn、Li等工艺处理, 有效地回收了其中的锰和锂。实验结果表明：用2mol·L^-1的HNO₃+1mol·L^-1的H₂O₂体系,在固液比为65g·L^-1的情况下对经过600℃处理的锰酸锂进行酸溶效果最佳,LiMn₂O₄的溶解率为100％,锰的回收率达98％,所得Li₂CO3沉淀纯度可达97％以上。     

湿锌法净化钴渣中金属回收

从氨浸法和酸浸法两方面分析了湿法炼锌工艺净化钴渣中的金属回收方法,认为传统的硫酸浸出工艺是适合湿法炼锌高钴锌渣处理的最佳方法。酸浸后锌以硫酸锌溶液的形式返回主流程,再通过氧化沉钴或中和沉钴的方法回收钴。通过试验探讨了适合锌湿法冶金高钴锌渣的浸出方法,采用MgO选择性分步沉淀,可以得到含钴约40%的钴渣和含铜约36%的铜渣,钴总计沉淀率约94%。     

以废旧锂离子电池为原料制备棒状草酸钴粉末

研究从废旧锂离子电池中回收钴并制备棒状草酸钴粉末的工艺。研究结果表明:该工艺采用H2SO4+Na2S2O3为浸出剂对正极材料浸出,在最优条件即液固比为10:1,H2SO4浓度为2.0 mol/L,Na2S2O3浓度为0.15 mol/L,温度为85℃,浸出时间为120 min时,钴的浸出率达96.5%。浸出液中加入碳酸氢铵调节pH至5.0以除出浸出液中的铝和铜,不经过滤操作直接使用次氯酸钠氧化沉淀铁和锰离子,过滤后滤液中仅含铁0.006 g/L,锰0.004 g/L,而钴的损失率仅为1.2%。滤液使用P507萃取分离钴和镍、锂,在相比为1.5:1.0,平衡pH为4.5,P507的体积分数为25%的条件下,经二级逆流萃取后钴的萃取率为99.4%。使用180 g/L的硫酸为反萃剂,相比为4~5时,钴的回收率达99.9%。反萃液使用草酸铵沉钴,沉钴的最优条件为50℃,终点pH为1.5,C2O42与Co2+摩尔比n(C2O42):n(Co2+)=1.15:1。经SEM分析,沉淀而得的钴产品为形貌良好的棒状草酸钴。整个流程方法简便,废旧锂离子电池中钴回收率达到95%,草酸钴中钴含量达31.1%,符合工业要求。     

回收废旧锂离子电池有价金属的研究进展

在介绍了锂离子二次电池结构基础上,综述了近年来废旧锂离子电池的回收处理工艺的国内外研究进展,主要是针对钴、锰和锂元素的回收。重点分析了各种回收处理方法的工艺。阐述了锂离子电池处理技术今后的发展方向。     

废锂电池中钴锂的酒石酸浸出条件研究

以废旧锂离子电池的正极活性黑色混合粉末为实验原料,以可生物降解的酒石酸作为浸出液,运用单因素实验,考察了酒石酸浓度、浸出温度、固液比(正极活性黑色混合粉末的质量与酒石酸体积之比)、反应时间等要素对废锂电池中钴锂金属浸出效果的影响。实验结果表明:浸出液中有Co~(2+)、Li~+生成,酒石酸的结构没有发生改变。当酒石酸浓度为1mol·L~(-1),浸出温度为80℃,固液比为10g·L~(-1),反应时间为80min时,Co~(2+)、Li~+浸出率达到最大,分别为37.4%、83.4%,是低污染回收废锂电池中钴、锂酸浸工艺的最佳浸出条件。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.