快速自动安平激光扫平仪设计及误差分析

基于扫平仪自动安平的原理，设计了一种电子水泡水平传感器，并采用分段P调节的控制思想，研发了一套合适的控制方法，实现了扫平仪的自动安平，达到了仪器设计的精度要求．此外，还优化了激光扫平仪结构的总体设计方案，完成了仪器在较大安平范围内快速自动安平功能．并对仪器误差来源进行了分析与讨论．测试结果表明：该扫平仪在-10°～＋10°的角度调整范围内达到了10的安平精度，且自动安平时间少于15S，达到了高效率、高精度的设计要求．     

遥感影像配准中控制点的自动提取

针对遥感影像的处理应用中,传统的手工选取控制点速度慢、精度低和强度大等缺点的问题,提出了一种基于影像灰度和影像特征混合自动提取控制点的新方法。在进行控制点的自动提取时,该方法速度快、错误匹配率低、精度高。方法内容包括特征点提取、构造影像金字塔以及基于金字塔数据结构的互相关匹配。     

浅谈Geolord-AT空中三角测量

空三加密是摄影测量生产中的关键步骤,它利用少量的地面控制点来计算一个测区中所有影像的外方位元素和所有加密点的地面坐标。Geolord-AT自动空中三角测量系统就是一套用来解决利用少量外业控制点来加密内业控制点的软件。本文介绍了Geolord-AT自动空中三角测量系统及其空三加密作业方法,并通过自身实践工作经验论述了该测量系统的特点以及生产过程中应当注意的问题。     

电缆绝缘护套厚度和外形尺寸自动测量系统的研制

针对通用实验方法测量电线电缆类产品测量效率低、误差大、受人为因素影响大的缺点,提出利用图像识别技术,进行电缆绝缘护套厚度和外形尺寸自动测量系统.首先介绍系统结构、视频采集卡DH-HV3102UC-T的特性和对系统的要求,然后通过Visual Basic语言,实现放大倍数测定和样品测量的流程和算法.实验结果表明,设计的测量系统检测一个待测样品仅需2min,测量的最大误差控制在5μm以下,大大提高了测量的效率和精确度,识别准确率大于98%.     

智能斜管微压计在矿井通风中的应用

针对职能斜管原设计中存在的问题,对设计进行了改进.智能斜管微压计在原有仪器的基础上增加了液面读取传感器、仪器水平传感器、单片机控制单元、LCD显示器、键盘和通信接口,使仪器能自动读取液面高度,自动显示仪器水平高度,自动显示数据和存储数据,与上位计算机通信,能实现压力的无人值守和自动测量,提高了测量精度.介绍了智能斜管微压计的结构原理及其软件流程框图.     

便携式动脉硬化无创检测仪设计

针对现有动脉硬化检测仪价格昂贵和体积大的缺点,设计了一种基于ARM和WinCE的便携式动脉硬化无创检测仪,并对该仪器进行了临床评估实验。该仪器以嵌入式系统为硬件平台,通过信号测量电路获取桡动脉和肱动脉脉搏波信号,并将信号送入ARM处理器。根据动脉弹性腔理论和示波法原理,基于LabVIEW for WinCE设计系统软件以实现脉搏波信号分析,并计算出11项动脉硬化评判因子,然后根据这些因子自动评判受试者的动脉硬化程度。临床评估实验结果表明：该仪器能准确评价受试者的动脉硬化程度,具有较好的稳定性和可靠性,其稳定性最大相对标准误差为4.37%,与对照仪器测量结果的相关系数均高于0.85(P<0.001)。     

数字程控放大器设计与应用

在自动控制系统或智能仪器中 ,如果测量信号的范围比较大 ,为保证必要的测量精度 ,经常采取改变量程的办法。当改变量程时测量放大器的增益也相应地加以改变。这种变化通常是自动进行 ,即不需要人为的改变电路连接 ,而是通过软件实现放大器增益的改变。这样可以实现仪器量程的自动切换。另外 ,通过改变增益的方法使系统功能增强 ,在核测量中 ,稳谱的方法之一就是改变输入信号的放大倍数。这就需要用到数字控制放大器 ,并针对核仪器要解决的具体问题要求放大器的放大倍数在一定范围内变化 ,并且放大倍数调节要求精细。该文提供了这种数控放大的一种设计方案 ,它的放大倍数范围为 9～ 9.999,其倍数的调节步长为 0 .0 0 1倍。     

多用数字频率计设计

频率和周期是电信号在时域内重要的特征。测量信号的频率和周期也是认识一个信号的重要手段。测频和测周的原理仪器的设计方案很多。传统的设计中多使用分立元件,存在可靠性较差,功耗大,精度漂移大等缺点。利用专用集成芯片也是一种方法,但成本较高。使用单片机测频在对精度要求和被测信号频率较低时是可行的,而且成本较低。其缺点是高频范围小。另外,FPGA可以进一步扩展测量的范围,在设计高频测量仪器的情况下,是很好的一种方法。在本文中,主要介绍了测频和测周的原理及如何利用单片机制作简易数字频率计的方法。介绍了软件编程流程及设计方法。分析了测量产生误差原因及解决方法。     

基于径向基函数神经网络的栅格图像非线性畸变校正

为了减小光电成像测量系统中存在的非线性畸变,提高测量精度,提出了一种基于径向基函数神经网络的图像畸变校正方法。提取带有桶形畸变的栅格图像中的栅格交叉点作为控制点,利用光学成像关系推算出栅格交叉点的理想无畸变位置,构成径向基函数神经网络的训练集。经过训练,可以确定径向基函数神经网络结构的优化参数。针对栅格图像进行了畸变校正实验,并与多项式变形法进行了比较。实验结果表明,所提方法能够自动、有效地校正图像畸变,效果优于多项式变形法。     

基于VISA的塔康信标信号的自动测量

为了提高信号测试工作的测试效率和准确度,可以利用计算机与可编程仪器通信。通过发送相应的指令来代替人工在仪器面板的手动操作来完成测试。介绍了在LabVIEW环境下利用VISA编程实现对频谱仪的程序控制。对塔康信标信号的频率、相噪和电平的自动测量的实现过程。该方法极大地降低了人工测试的工作量,提高了测量精度,更好地发挥了仪表的性能。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to