产油霉菌油脂提取方法的研究

以产油霉菌雅致小克银汉霉为例进行了前处理及油脂提取方法的研究,采用了酸热法、反复冻融法以及超声波和酶结合法破碎细胞,甲醇-氯仿提取油脂以及乙醚、石油醚索氏抽提法直接提取油脂。结果表明,超声波和酶结合使用破碎细胞,甲醇-氯仿提取油脂的效果较好;索式抽提法采用石油醚为提取剂效果较好。气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析检测油脂脂肪酸组成为棕榈酸25.10%,油酸25.17%,亚油酸20.99%,硬脂酸4.78%。     

GC-MS法测定芜菁子中油脂组成研究

目的:分析测定芜菁子中油脂的组成。方法:采用索氏提取法提取芜菁子中的油脂,甲酯化后,气相色谱-质谱法分析其油脂中脂肪酸的成分。结果:芜菁子中含有油酸,亚油酸,亚麻酸,硬脂酸,软脂酸,芥酸6种脂肪酸,其含量分别为12.5%、19.6%、8.9%、7.4%、5.8%、18.2%。结论:该法操作简便,灵敏度高,准确可靠,可用于芜菁子油中脂肪酸的组成及含量测定。     

正己烷提取刺梨籽油中脂肪酸成分的GC-MS分析

建立了一种采用正己烷作溶剂将索氏提取的刺梨籽油进行甲酯衍生化处理,通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对刺梨籽油中脂肪酸成分的分离鉴定及组成测定的方法。在实验优化条件下,分离鉴定出6种脂肪酸,主要含棕榈酸(4.40%)、亚油酸(49.35%)、亚麻酸(40.43%)、硬脂酸(2.46%)、油酸(0.22%)、花生酸(0.80%)。结果表明正己烷提取得到的刺梨籽油,具有较高的营养价值。     

低温破壁法与溶剂浸出法制备米糠油研究

比较了用正己烷浸提、无水乙醇浸提及低温破壁压榨3种方法对米糠油提取率的影响,分析了所得米糠油的理化特性,并采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定了米糠油中的主要成分及相对质量分数。研究结果表明,用低温破壁法提取的米糠油中酸值和过氧化值较低;GC-MS分析表明,3种方法提取的米糠油中主要含有十六烷酸(棕榈酸)、十八碳二烯酸(亚油酸)和十八碳烯酸(油酸)3种脂肪酸,其中3种提取法的棕榈酸质量分数依次为24.30%、0.26%、28.50%,亚油酸质量分数依次为39.00%、10.78%、36.00%,油酸质量分数依次为31.40%、87.16%、14.10%,其余成分质量分数依次为5.3%、1.8%、21.4%。     

野生和种植翅果油树中脂肪酸的分布

采用索氏提取法提取了野生和种植翅果油树果仁、果皮、叶子中的脂肪酸。产物经甲酯化后采用GC分析鉴定其组成及相对含量。结果表明,野生和种植翅果油树果仁脂肪酸的粗提率最高,果皮次之,叶子最少。果仁中均含5种脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,分别为88.51%和88.73%,其中亚油酸油酸亚麻酸,种植略大于野生。果皮中含棕榈酸、油酸和亚油酸,且为野生大于种植,而叶子中均未检出脂肪酸。     

不同提取方法对山桐子果实挥发油成分的影响

用水蒸气蒸馏法、超声辅助浸提法和索氏提取法提取山桐子果实中的挥发油,用GC-MS分离鉴定其成分并测定各成分的相对含量.水蒸气蒸馏法、超声辅助浸提法和索氏提取法分别分离鉴定出64、50和57个组分,共有化合物38种,其中主要成分为亚油酸、棕榈酸、油酸、角鲨烯、椰子醛和γ-维生素E等.3种提取方法所得山桐子果实挥发油成分有共同特征,也存在着差异,相较之下,水蒸气蒸馏法提取的挥发油成分最多,索氏提取法提取挥发油率最高.     

气相色谱法测定和比较5种植物油中的脂肪酸组成

研究了一种气相色谱法测定植物油中脂肪酸组成的方法。实验中选用氢氧化钾-甲醇溶液作为甲酯化试剂对样品进行处理,再用正己烷提取,通过气相色谱仪对脂肪酸组成进行分离和鉴定。总共分离出15种脂肪酸,结果表明:植物油中的脂肪酸以棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸为主;只有胡麻油中油酸和亚油酸相对含量为31.7%,其他四种植物油油酸和亚油酸含量均高于75%;而菜籽油中的油酸相对含量最高,大豆油中的亚油酸相对含量最高;五种植物油中不饱和脂肪酸含量高于饱和脂肪酸含量,其中菜籽油中不饱和脂肪酸相对含量最高。     

冬凌草籽油品质分析及脂肪酸含量的测定

为综合利用冬凌草资源提供科学依据,分析并评价了冬凌草籽油的品质并测定了其脂肪酸的组成和含量.采用索氏法提取冬凌草籽油,滴定法测定冬凌草籽油的碘值、皂化值、酸价,气相色谱法测定了冬凌草籽油的脂肪酸组成和含量.结果表明：冬凌草籽含油率26.45%;碘值=207.53;皂化值=214.18;酸价=2.64.冬凌草籽油由10种脂肪酸组成,主要成分及含量为亚麻酸55.2%、亚油酸26.4%、油酸10.2%、棕榈酸5.1%、硬脂酸2.4%.     

小白杏杏仁油的酶法提取及脂肪酸组成分析

本文采用中性蛋白酶对新疆小白杏杏仁油脂进行了水解提取,并对提取油脂的脂肪酸组成进行了气相色谱分析。主要探讨了酶解pH值、温度、反应时间以及酶用量4个因素对油脂提取率的影响。研究表明:当中性蛋白酶用量为2000IU/g杏仁,酶解pH 7.5,温度60℃的条件下,酶解2.0h后,杏仁油脂总提取率达88.81%;杏仁油的气相色谱脂肪酸分析表明:小白杏杏仁油主要由不饱和脂肪酸组成,可达油脂总量的91.07%,其中主要为油酸和亚油酸,含量分别为40.92%和49.30%。     

油用与食用向日葵籽形态及主成分差异辨析

本文比较分析了食用和油用葵籽实和籽仁的大小、蛋白质含量、油脂含量、脂肪酸组成以及碳水化合物含量.结果表明:食葵籽实和籽仁均较大,种皮多为灰底白纹;油葵籽实和籽仁均较小,籽实饱满充实,种皮多为黑色;食葵籽仁蛋白含量平均为19%,油葵籽仁蛋白含量平均为15%,食葵籽仁蛋白含量大都高于油葵;食葵籽仁含油量在30.0%~42.4%之间,油葵籽仁含油量在30%~47.3%之间;葵籽油主要含棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸;其油酸和亚油酸较高,约占90%,70%食葵籽的亚油酸含量丰富,达到60%以上,58%油葵籽油酸含量较高,达80%以上;食葵籽仁淀粉含量约14%,油葵籽仁淀粉含量13%左右.食葵和油葵籽虽在某些主成分上有差异,但其划分主要是按其种皮形态、籽粒大小以及嗑食方便性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.