用取向分布函数研究铜及铜锌合金的变形非均匀性

本文用三维取向分布函数研究了不同轧制变形程度、不同变形温度条件下铜及铜锌合金的显微结构非均匀性:显微带,机械孪生(孪生)和剪切带;并分析了其形成过程及对织构的影响。它们是金属不均匀变形的结果。显微带、铜型剪切带对织构的变化影响不大;孪生对织构的转变起关键作用;黄铜型剪切帝对织构的变化起重要作用。解释了不同条件下的金属变形机理。论述了孪生后的两种不同变形方式。     

轧制温度对Ni-9.3%W合金基带形变组织和织构的影响

采用背散射电子衍射技术(EBSD)对Ni-9.3%W(Ni9W)合金基带沿截面方向上的形变织构和形变组织进行分析,研究轧制温度对形变组织和织构的影响.结果表明:采用温轧工艺能够有效抑制Ni9W合金基带黄铜型织构的形成,增加Copper(C)取向和S取向的体积分数,使Ni9W合金基带的变形机制以滑移为主.同时,温轧能够有效降低基带中剪切带的体积分数,并提高40°〈111〉晶界的体积分数,有利于立方晶粒的长大.     

工业纯铝极薄带异步轧制过程中的织构演变

采用异步轧制工艺制备出工业纯铝极薄带,并利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对其织构演变和微观组织进行分析。结果表明,随着变形程度的增加,工业纯铝的晶粒主要向β取向线聚集,形变织构中铜型织构(C){112}〈111〉和黄铜型织构(B){011}〈211〉逐渐增强,轧至100μm厚时试样中晶体取向密度达到最大值26,轧至30μm厚时其取向密度值下降至16,并逐渐形成旋转立方织构(RC){100}〈011〉;形变储能剧烈增加诱发工业纯铝在室温下发生再结晶过程,使系统能量降低,导致织构强度下降。     

C19400铜合金带材折弯性能分析

对冷轧态不同厚度C19400铜合金带材进行不同弯曲半径90°V形折弯,测量了折弯后的回弹,观察了折弯后带材外表面形貌.借助金相显微镜分析了带材折弯前后的微观组织.研究结果表明:厚度相同时,回弹量随着弯曲半径的增大而增大;弯曲半径相同时,回弹量随厚度的增大而减小.当带材厚度较薄(<0.5 mm)时,在不同弯曲半径下折弯,...     

异速比对异步轧制AZ31镁合金板材组织和织构的影响

采用不同异速比对AZ31镁合金板材进行异步轧制,并将轧后样品进行显微组织和X射线衍射分析,研究异速比对镁合金板材组织和织构转变的影响. 结果表明:异速比的变化对晶粒形貌影响较大但晶粒细化效果不明显;当异速比为2.800时,板材内出现了长条晶粒;快速辊侧{0002}基面织构强度高于慢速辊侧,且板材两侧表面{0002}晶面的偏转方向相反;异速比对基面织构的强度影响显著,随着异速比的增大,基面织构的强度先增加后下降. 这种特殊的织构变化与异步轧制过程中沿厚度方向引入的剪切变形有关.     

无取向硅钢冲裁过程中的组织和织构演变

无取向硅钢是电机铁芯所需要的重要软磁材料。目前，生产过程中主要借助冲裁工艺制备电机铁芯的叠片。冲裁工艺会使得无取向硅钢的切割边缘产生形变，从而导致其织构发生演变，进而影响叠片的磁性能。本文旨在研究无取向硅钢冲裁边缘的塑性形变机制，组织及织构演变机理。为了方便研究，本文首先借助钝化模具制备了在冲裁边缘具备较宽变形区域的圆形样品。随后，沿板材轧制方向和横向在圆形样品的冲裁边缘分别选取了一个观测点，并借助电子背散射技术（EBSD）分析了两个观测点的形变机制，组织和织构演变。研究表明两个观测点的形变机制和组织演变相似。由于形变机制相同，样品冲裁边缘两个观测点的织构演变规律也相似。钝化模具使得样品冲裁边缘明显的分为无弯曲，连续弯曲和整体弯曲三个区域。无弯曲和连续弯曲区域的主要形变机制是位错滑移，这一机制促进了{221}纤维织构的形成。整体弯曲区域主要处于冲裁边缘的端部，该区域的形变机制包括位错滑移和微观剪切带的形成，其中微观剪切带的形成导致该区域的织构由原始{111}纤维织构发生向{110}纤维织构的转变。     

CoCrNiSi0.3中熵合金动态剪切性能及其织构演化研究

利用分离式霍普金森压杆对CoCrNiSi_0.3中熵合金进行动态加载，研究不同应变率下的压缩性能，发现其对应变率较为敏感，且有明显的应变率强化效应。准静态压缩下(应变率10^-4 s^-1),应变率敏感度m为0.13,而动态压缩下(应变率5 150 s^-1)m为0.25.通过帽型剪切实验，研究了该合金的剪切性能，结果表明准静态剪切屈服强度为330 MPa,动态剪切的屈服强度为630 MPa.随预留剪切区域宽度的增加，峰值应力有所下降，但剪切失效应变明显增加，当预留剪切区域宽度为50μm时，剪切应变高达12.8.通过剪切“冻结”实验，研究了剪切变形的增大对材料内部的晶粒微观结构和织构演化特征的影响。结果表明，晶粒内的几何必要位错密度随变形加剧而增加，变形织构向A、P类型织构演化，同时Cu型织构逐渐减少。在绝热剪切带形成前，功热转换计算的温升缺乏准确性，佐证了绝热剪切带的形成并不是由热软化引起的。     

多道次等径角轧制对AZ31镁板组织性能的影响

对AZ31镁合金进行多道次等径角轧制,并分析其微观组织、宏观织构和室温力学性能.结果表明,随着轧制道次的增加,板材的晶粒组织出现交替细化与粗化的现象,并直接影响板材后续退火组织的大小和均匀性.由于累积剪切变形的作用,等径角轧制后板材的基面织构明显弱化.七道次等径角轧制后基面极轴出现沿轧向分离,板材屈服强度降低约54%,而伸长率提高约43%.基面织构弱化和晶粒细化是等径角轧制板材塑性提高的主要原因.     

异步轧制对IF钢冷轧及再结晶织构的影响

研究了异步轧制对IF钢的冷轧及再结晶织构的影响,并且将模拟的剪切应变随辊速比的变化规律应用到以Taylor模型为基础的织构模拟中,分析了剪切应变εxz值对形变织构的影响.结果表明:随着异步轧制速比的增加,冷轧的α纤维织构组分逐渐减少,γ纤维织构组分稍有增加.异步轧制时,附加的切应变是造成这种变化的主要原因;{111}〈uvw〉再结晶晶核的形成与{001}〈110〉织构组分无关.异步轧再结晶{111}〈112〉织构组分体积分数明显多于同步轧,这是由于在冷变形状态下,{111}〈112〉织构组分就明显高于同步轧制条件.     

轧制Fe_(81)Ga_(19)合金薄带再结晶织构演变

对Fe_(81)Ga_(19)合金进行冷轧与再结晶退火,考察了压下率对再结晶织构及磁致伸缩性能的影响.再结晶织构主要由Goss({110}001)和γ(111//ND)织构组成,再结晶织构特征随压下率增加出现明显的改变,归因于变形微结构与冷轧织构的差异.冷轧压下率从60%增加到70%时,剪切带密度增加且{111}112形变织构增强,提高再结晶Goss织构强度与磁致伸缩性能.压下率为80%时,剪切带与形变基体取向变化使剪切带晶核取向漫散,且晶界储能提高为再结晶γ织构提供更多形核位置,导致再结晶Goss织构减弱而γ织构增强,降低薄带磁致伸缩性能.     

Impact of asymmetry deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31B alloy sheets deformed by on-line heating rolling

The effect of asymmetry deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 sheet was investigated in the present paper. Two AZ31 sheets were rolled together with an on-line heating rolling mill and separated from each other afterwards. For each sheet, the strain on both surface during rolling was asymmetry and this rolling method is called asymmetry rolling (AR) in present work. For comparison, symmetry rolling (SR) was also carried out on the same rolling mill that only one sheet was rolled in one pass. The sheets deformed by AR showed more homogeneous microstructure with higher recrystallization level and symmetry distributional basal texture. Moreover, SR sheets showed many narrow shear bands which distributed as “V” shape along rolling direction, while less shear bands with wider size are observed in AR sheet. The shear bands in AR sheet distributed as a line and across the entire thickness of the sheet, resulting in layered bimodal structure. Based on the unique microstructure and texture characteristics, AR sheet has lowest mechanical property anisotropy and a good balance of strength and elongation.     

楔横轧小断面收缩率轧件螺旋组织缺陷研究

轧件发生局部变形是楔横轧的主要工艺特征,尤其小断面收缩率轧件轴向流动能力弱,内外变形差异显著导致楔横轧成形困难.除了容易产生心部破坏缺陷,在轧件表层一定范围内出现的螺旋组织缺陷,也会降低产品的机械性能.本文通过轧制实验,展示出轧件螺旋组织缺陷宏观上呈现为车削后在表层一定深度范围内沿展宽螺旋线分布的亮带,微观上由轧件表面折叠向内部延伸呈带状分布的组织形态.结合有限元数值模拟方法研究了缺陷产生的主要原因,发现由于成形区的金属发生沿展宽负向的金属流动,导致轧件形成沿展宽螺旋线分布的表面折叠和小轴向应变带.同时,螺旋带附近较大的径向压缩使轧件由表面向内部沿折叠裂纹方向组织具有方向性.采用对模具楔尖倒圆角局部改善金属沿负展宽方向的轴向流动,可以既消除表层螺旋组织缺陷,又避免轧件心部损伤风险,使成形质量满足使用要求.经实验验证,确定了模具楔尖圆角的最优取值.     

6111铝合金在冷轧过程中织构的变化

采用取向分布函数(ODF)分析并研究了6111铝合金在冷轧过程中织构的演变及轧制工艺对冷轧织构的影响.结果表明,6111铝合金冷轧后,主要轧制织构组分均为Copper织构组分、S织构组分和Brass织构组分;冷轧过程中,在一定条件下会产生较强的旋转立方织构,而且继续轧制时,随着轧板的减薄,旋转立方织构会迅速减弱而Copper,Brass,S等正常轧制织构组分迅速增强.此外,在总轧制形变量相同的条件下,随着道次压下率的提高,轧制织构减弱.     

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a hot-rolled Ti alloy

The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a hot-rolled Ti-5.1 Al-2.5 Cr-0.5 Fe-4.5 Mo-1.1 Sn-1.8 Zr-2.9 Zn titanium alloy sheet along the thickness direction were investigated.The results indicated that the hotrolled titanium alloy sheet presented different microstructures along the thickness direction owing to the uneven distribution of stress and temperature during the hot rolling.The grains in central region underwent a larger deformation,leading to relative complete grain fragmentation and the formation of fine grains.During the air cooling process followed by hot rolling,the fraction of a phase precipitated in the central region was lower than that in the regions near the surface of the sheet.During hot rolling process,more deformation energy transformed to thermal energy and lower cooling rate in the central region promoted the α→β phase transformation,resulting in the increasing of the dynamic recrystallization in the β phase.By contrast,the dynamic recrystallization for a phase decreased.Distinct {0001}_α and {001}_β textures were observed,and these textures were markedly strengthened with the increasing distance from the central region.Due to the softening induced by dynamic recrystallization and the strengthening by concentrated dislocations,the surface of the sheet exhibits highest yield strength and lowest elongation.     

Evolution of the texture and mechanical properties of 2060 alloy during bending

In this study, we examined the evolution of the texture and mechanical properties of 2060 (T8) alloy during bending. A pixel rotation method (PRM) was proposed and used to characterize the textural evolution during bending determined by electron backscatter diffraction. The results showed that the textural components changed insignificantly, with the exception of a decrease in the cube texture. The tensile and yielding properties of the alloy were evaluated at three different orientations with respect to the rolling direction. The mechanical strength was found to increase in three directions with decreasing bending radius; thus, it was concluded that the 2060 (T8) alloy sheet satisfies the usage requirement after bending deformation.     

Effects of asymmetric rolling process on ridging resistance of ultra-purified 17%Cr ferritic stainless steel

In ferritic stainless steels, a significant non-uniform recrystallization orientation and a substantial texture gradient usually occur, which can degrade the ridging resistance of the final sheets. To improve the homogeneity of the recrystallization orientation and reduce the texture gradient in ultra-purified 17%Cr ferritic stainless steel, in this work, we performed conventional and asymmetric rolling processes and conducted macro and micro-texture analyses to investigate texture evolution under different cold-rolling conditions. In the conventional rolling specimens, we observed that the deformation was not uniform in the thickness direction, whereas there was homogeneous shear deformation in the asymmetric rolling specimens as well as the formation of uniform recrystallized grains and random orientation grains in the final annealing sheets. As such, the ridging resistance of the final sheets was significantly improved by employing the asymmetric rolling process. This result indicates with certainty that the texture gradient and orientation inhomogeneity can be attributed to non-uniform deformation, whereas the uniform orientation gradient in the thickness direction is explained by the increased number of shear bands obtained in the asymmetric rolling process.     

半工艺无取向硅钢加临界变形的织构演变

测定了半工艺无取向电工钢热轧(终轧温度在Ar1以下)到成品各工序的织构,以取向分布函数(ODF)的形式对加临界变形的半工艺无取向硅钢的织构演变作了分析.发现其热轧板表层织构基本是典型的铁素体再结晶{111}组分,心部和1/4厚度处以铁素体剪切织构和轧制变形织构为主.冷轧变形后,心部和表层织构组分比较接近,{111}、{112}和{100}面织构都增加,但{111}组分增加最明显.软化退火后,{001}<110>与{112}<110>组分迅速降低,织构组分以γ纤维织构为主.通过增加临界变形,在最终去应力退火后,{111}不利面织构大量减少,高斯组分增加明显.Taylor因子可以表征不同取向晶粒对变形能的储存能力,从轧制变形时Taylor因子的分布可以解释该实验结果.     

Inhomogeneous deformation and recrystallization behavior of through-thickness tantalum sheet under one-cycle clock-rolling

Effects of low clock rolling passes on through-thickness deformation and recrystallization behavior of the Ta sheet have been investigated. The clock-rolled samples with one cycle (8 passes) were systematically examined under different thickness layers. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray diffraction line profile analysis (XLPA) showed that the extremely inhomogeneous texture evolution generated and the bulk stored energy existed in the through-thickness clock-rolled Ta sheet after 8 passes. The electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) results revealed the misorientation of the grains in the deformed samples, indicating that grain subdivision in the surface and center layer was more serious than that in the quarter layer. High intensities misorientation indicates the presence of microshear bands in the surface and center layer. During annealing, the difference of the stored energy and the fragmentation of deformation microstructure along the thickness led to a heterogeneous driving force for the nucleation of the grains, resulting in subsequent different recrystallization rate in the different regions of the sample.     

氧化铁皮在冷轧过程中的断裂行为

利用轧卡实验研究热轧低碳钢表面氧化铁皮在无酸洗冷轧过程中的断裂行为.结果表明,由于带钢在靠近辊缝处的弹性变形,带钢表面的氧化铁皮受拉应力作用发生断裂,裂纹垂直于轧制方向,越靠近辊缝裂纹密度越大.单道次轧制压下量小于16%时,氧化铁皮只发生断裂;压下量超过16%时,氧化铁皮开始出现脱落,当氧化铁皮受力超过其界面附着强度时,将发生氧化铁皮从带钢表面剥离和粉碎.同样的总压下量条件下,多轧制道次有利于保护氧化铁皮的完整性.     

深冲铝板坯冷轧显微组织、织构与力学性能

研究了不同冷轧工艺参数的深冲铝板坯（wA1＞99．75％）的显微组织、织构，测定了不同方向的力学性能；由D－500全自动X射线衍射仪建测极图，按Bunge的方法计算取向分布函数（ODF）；通过透射电镜观察变形显微结构．结合冷轧变形亚组织结构和织构特征，讨论了位错胞结构与板坯塑性变形和力学性能的关系，以及对板坯塑性各向异性的影响，预测材料深冲性能．分析认为，材料力学性能决定于变形组织结构和织构，随冷变形量增大，位错缠结胞变形并发生取向排列形成显微带，使材料产生力学性能各向异性及加工硬化．本研究显微组织和织构特征及力学性能分析结果表明，接近50％冷轧变形量的板坯中变形亚组织均匀、多种织构混存，有利于降低材料深冲制耳率．并经工业制罐试验验证．