不完备系统中基于特征关系的知识约简

以同时具有丢失型和遗漏型未知属性值的不完备系统为研究对象,根据特征关系讨论了其中的知识约简问题.在不完备决策系统中,引入了近似分布约简的概念并给出了相应的判定定理与辨识矩阵,为从复杂的不完备系统中获取知识提供了新的理论基础与技术手段.     

基于相似关系的不完备决策表属性约简

粗集理论是一种处理不精确，不完全与不相客知识的新的数学工具．属性约简是粗集理论研究的核心问题之一．通过属性约简，简化信息表的属性雏数．在许多情况下面临的信息系统是不完备的，本文研究不完备信息系统下决策表的属性约简问题．     

基于粗糙集理论不完备信息系统的数据挖掘

提出了一种基于推广的粗糙集理论直接在不完备信息系统上进行数据挖掘的方法，并给出了该方法的算法和实例．该方法利用粗糙集理论直接对不完备信息系统进行知识约简，然后根据获得的约简集建立知识层次树，利用规则的支持度阂值s0和置信度阈值c0从知识层次树的压缩搜索空间中提取不完备系统的规则集，该方法保持了原始数据和数据挖掘所获得的知识的真实性，另外，还提出了知识规则的上、下支持度，上、下置信度，规则粗糙度等概念，以便指导用户更好地利用数据挖掘所获得的知识．     

基于信息熵的不完备信息系统属性约简算法

在现实生活中信息的不完备现象广泛存在,等价关系不一定成立,限制了经典Rough集理论在一些实际问题中的应用.从信息论角度出发引入信息熵的概念,提出了不完备信息系统中知识熵的度量方法,定义了信息观下不完备信息系统知识约简的方法,分析并讨论了与现有其他约简定义的关系,给出了一种基于信息熵的不完备信息系统属性约简算法,通过仿真实验说明了该算法对于不完备信息表知识约简是可行的.     

集值不完备信息系统上的一种知识约简的方法

讨论了集值不完备系统上的两种基本关系：相容关系和拟序关系,论证得到了基于辨识矩阵的集值不完备系统知识约简的方法.在此基础上,讨论了知识约简的算法,并通过实例得到了证实.     

基于拟序关系的约简

为了在不完备信息系统中更好地研究知识约简,经典的粗糙集理论已经被推广。在扩展模型中,等价关系被推广到了相似关系等二元关系。将不完备信息系统扩展到多值不完备的情形,引入拟序关系,讨论了集值不完备信息系统中在拟序关系下基于近似矩阵的约简,并通过算法比较了它与基于辨识矩阵的约简的时间复杂性。     

不完备不一致决策系统的最大分布约简及计算方法

不完备不一致决策系统中,条件属性下的相容划分与决策属性下的等价划分形成了复杂的交集,导致出现了多种不同的约简概念,从而使约简问题变得更加复杂.本文将最大分布约简的概念引入不完备不一致决策系统中,然后研究其在不完备不一致决策系统中的性质,发现其核属性不具备传统约简核属性通常所具备的继承特性,因而不能通过增加属性的方法来计...     

一种基于相对粒度的不完备决策表约简算法

为有效地从不完备决策表中获取最小相对约简,提出了一种基于相对粒度的不完备决策表约简算法.该算法通过分析研究知识的相对粒度在属性约简过程中的变化趋势,并基于属性约简定理,尝试通过不断向核属性集中增加属性的方法,从不完备决策表中获取最小相对约简.最后通过实例验证了该算法的有效性.     

多值不完备决策表的属性约简方法

在许多情况下．现实世界的信息系统是不完备的．考虑包含不确定性和不精确性两种因素的不完备信息系统，建立了一种推广的粗糙集模型并对这种情况下的不完备决策表进行分析．研究了属性约简的方法，根据约简生成了决策规则。     

一种基于粗糙集的不确定决策知识约简算法

粗糙集理论是处理不完整和不确定知识的数学工具,能有效地分析和处理不精确、不一致、不完整的各种不完备信息,并从中发现隐含知识,揭示潜在规律.针对决策知识冗余、决策效率低下等问题,本文以粗糙集理论为基础,研究不确定性的知识约简算法及决策规则获取方法.首先,研究粗糙集理论与知识约简理论基础,包括知识及知识库、知识表达系统、核与约简的关系;然后,研究了属性约简算法,包括属性的重要性、属性约简算法和属性值约简算法的相关定义及其数学模型表示,并给出了属性约简步骤;最后,以软件维护性及影响因素决策表为例,按照属性约简步骤,完成了属性约简和属性值约简,通过实例分析验证了算法的可行性、有效性和决策规则获取方法.结果表明,运用粗糙集理论对知识进行约简,可以简化复杂系统、消除冗余知识,获得知识库简洁表达的方法,有效维护知识库的结构和性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.