铜转炉烟灰酸浸净化液中锌的萃取分离

以p204为萃取剂,260号磺化煤油为稀释剂,从铜转炉烟灰酸浸净化液中萃取分离锌.考察萃取振荡时间、p204的体积分数、相比率(O/A)以及料液初始pH值对锌萃取率的影响.通过正交实验和单因素分析确定p204从铜转炉烟灰酸浸净化液中萃取分离锌的主要影响因素和最佳工艺条件.研究表明:室温条件下,当萃取平衡时间为6 min,p204的体积分数为30%,相比率(O/A)为2∶1,料液初始pH值为3.0时,锌的一级萃取率达到57.32%.经4级错流萃取可以将料液中锌的质量浓度降低到0.027 g/L,锌萃取率达到97.26%.负载有机相经2 mol/L的H2SO4反萃,锌可完全反萃.     

基于田口法的生物浸出液萃铜工艺的优化

基于田口方法,提出了采用萃取剂LIX984N从高铁生物浸出液中萃铜工艺的优化方法,对萃取率及反萃率进行信噪比分析和方差分析.结果表明,萃取过程中,萃取剂体积分数和相比对萃取率的贡献率较大,分别达到32744%,34180%,时间为较重要因素,pH值对信噪比影响较小.优化后的工艺参数:萃取剂体积分数为30%,相比(V(O)/V(A))为2∶1,时间为600s,pH值为15;反萃过程中,相比及时间为显著因子,温度为不显著因子.优化后的工艺参数:相比(V(O)/V(A))为1∶2,时间为600s,反萃温度为30℃.在优化后的条件下进行萃取—反萃—电积实验,萃取率达到9991%,反萃率达到9856%,电流效率达到92594%.     

P204/4PC新协萃体系萃取分离镍与锰镁钙

采用一种新的二元协萃体系P204/4PC对萃取分离镍与锰、镁、钙进行了研究.考察了有机相配比、平衡pH、平衡时间等因素对萃取分离的影响,并绘制了镍萃取与反萃等温线.结果表明,采用1.25mol/L 4PC(L)+0.25mol/L P204(HA)组成的有机相,经过5级模拟逆流萃取,镍的萃取率达到98.7%,其他杂质金属的萃取率基本都在5%以下.负载有机相经过三级逆流反萃,镍的反萃率达到98.2%,反萃后有机相中镍的质量浓度小于0.1g/L.     

利用CP-150萃取回收PCB碱性蚀刻废液中的铜

利用CP-150萃取剂萃取碱性蚀刻废液中的铜,并利用硫酸进行反萃取。考察不同因素对萃取和反萃取的影响。萃取实验表明,铜的萃取率随着萃取剂浓度和相比增大而增大,随着料液铜浓度的升高而降低。反萃实验表明,反萃速率随着硫酸反萃液浓度的增大而增大。     

采用HBL101从锌置换渣高酸浸出液中萃取锗

针对现行的湿法炼锌渣中提取锗的研究现状,采用新型萃取剂HBL101从锌置换渣的高酸浸出液中直接萃取锗,考察了料液酸度、萃取剂体积分数、萃取温度、萃取时间和相比对萃取的影响以及氢氧化钠质量浓度、反萃温度、反萃时间和反萃相比对反萃的影响,并对萃取剂转型条件进行了研究.实验表明：有机相组成为30% HBL101+70%磺化煤油(体积分数)作为萃取剂,料液酸度为113.2 g·L-1 H2 SO4,其最佳萃取条件为萃取温度25℃,萃取时间20 min,相比O/A=1：4.经过五级逆流萃取,锗萃取率达到98.57%.负载有机相用150 g·L-1 NaOH溶液可选择性反萃锗得到高纯度锗酸钠溶液,其最佳反萃条件为反萃温度25℃,反萃时间25 min,相比O/A=4：1.经过五级逆流反萃,反萃率可达到98.1%.反萃锗后负载有机相再用200 g·L-1硫酸溶液反萃共萃的铜并转型,控制反萃温度25℃,反萃时间20 min,O/A=2：1.经过五级逆流反萃,铜反萃率可达到99.5%并完成转型,萃取剂返回使用.     

用Lix973选择性萃取氨性浸出液中的铜和钴

采用Lix973作萃取剂,硫酸作反萃剂,从氨性浸出液中萃取分离铜和钴。研究萃取剂体积分数、有机相与水相的体积比(相比)、混合时间、反萃剂质量浓度、反萃相比和反萃时间对萃取分离铜和钴的影响,确定获得Lix973萃取分离铜的优化条件。研究结果表明最佳萃取铜的条件为:室温下有机相与水相的体积比1:1,混合时间2 min,萃取剂Lix973体积分数5%。在此实验条件下,铜的一级萃取率达到99.29%;最佳反萃铜的条件为:室温下反萃相比2:3,反萃时间1 min,硫酸质量浓度160 g/L。在此实验条件下,铜的一级反萃率为96.13%。     

络合萃取对煤制气洗涤废水中酚的回收

用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)和煤油组成溶剂萃取体系有机相,对煤制气洗涤过程中产生的高浓度含酚废水进行了萃取和反萃处理研究.探讨了影响苯酚萃取的因素如废水pH和TBP体积分数,考察了反萃剂氢氧化钠溶液质量分数对反萃效果的影响;同时,对萃取和反萃过程中有机相的重复使用问题进行了研究.实验结果表明,当废水的pH=3～6时,一级萃取率可达90%以上,CODCr去除率达到80%以上;二级萃取率达到40%左右,苯酚总的萃取率达到95%以上;当氢氧化钠溶液质量分数为4%～10%时,反萃率可达80%以上;TBP-煤油有机相可在萃取和反萃的过程中多次重复使用.     

用溶剂萃取法铜铁分离的研究

以低品位铜矿的酸性浸出液作为研究对象,研究了M5640和Lix984两种新型铜萃取剂萃取铜分离铁的性能;其中包括萃取焓变计算,接触时间、pH值、相比等因素对萃取铜分离铁的影响,并得到了两种萃取剂萃取铜的等温线。结果表明:两种萃取剂在萃取铜时都吸热,M5640萃取焓变值△H=40.11kJ/mol,Lix984萃取焓变值△H=6.33kJ/mol;M5640、Lix984萃取含铜浓度为2 g/L的浸出液时平衡时间分别是90sec和240 sec。单因素实验表明接触时间、pH值、相比的增大都有利于萃取铜和铜铁分离;M5640萃取含铜浓度为2 g/L的浸出液时需要一级萃取,而Lix984需要二级萃取才能达到同样的效果,M5640选择性萃取铜的能力优于Lix984;当反萃级数为3级,经多次富集,可得到含铜浓度为45 g/L、铁浓度小于0.05g/L的富铜液,符合生产电解铜工艺的要求。     

络合萃取法提取L-苯丙氨酸转化液中的丙酮酸

选用三辛胺(TOA)萃取L-苯丙氨酸转化液中的丙酮酸,研究了萃取时间、稀释剂、萃取剂浓度、水相pH值对平衡常数的影响以及反萃条件.结果表明萃取15min即可达平衡,pH值低对萃取有利,极性稀释剂有利于萃取,TOA浓度以0.4～0.6mol/L为好,2mol/L的NaOH可有效反萃丙酮酸.     

P_(204)-H_3cit-NdCl_3体系负载有机反萃取的研究

非皂化P204-H3cit-NdCl3体系萃取分离稀土的方法有效地解决了传统萃取分离体系下,稀土工业生产存在皂化废水中氨氮含量高污染水资源等问题,但该体系反萃取的酸度过高而限制了该方法的进一步应用.通过单级和错流反萃取研究了反萃液酸度、反萃温度、反萃时间和反萃级数对反萃取率的影响,并以此为基础,进一步研究了0.6 mol/L低酸度六级逆流反萃取.实验结果表明:与单级及错流反萃取相比,六级逆流反萃率可达到100%,酸利用率为50%左右,明显减少了酸耗,而且反萃余液酸度为0.3 mol/L左右,达到了现有稀土萃取分离的工业要求.该研究为非皂化P204-H3cit-NdCl3体系萃取稀土元素的应用提...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to