灵芝（G22）多糖发酵的动力学研究

通过对灵芝(G22)多糖发酵的动力学研究，建立了较为合理的连续培养体系．描述了稳态时葡萄糖、多糖、蛋白胨、菌丝量等，随稀释速率的变化规律．对得到的实验数据进行计算，得到不同稀释速率下的菌丝产率、菌丝生长得率和灵芝多糖比产生速率等参数值．对得到的数据进行分析计算，求得最大比生长速率μmax=0．064／h，饱和常数Ks=18、90g/l，基质最大得率常数YG^MAX=0．732g／g，维持常数m=0．0093g／gh．并建立了灵芝多糖发酵的一系列模型方程．发现：当D=0．022／h时，G22生长速率最快，多糖产量最高，达2．85g／l，此值比分批培养提高0.35g／l．     

灵芝真菌发酵胞外多糖反馈抑制的初步研究

探讨了灵芝胞外多糖自身反馈抑制作用。在摇瓶中考察了灵芝真菌发酵菌丝体生长、胞外多糖(EPS)和胞内多糖(IPS)合成的动态过程。在培养168h时，生物量达到最大值3．18g／L(干重)，培养216h时，胞外多糖达到最高浓度1．24g／L，EPS和生物量的变化趋势大致呈正相关。在摇瓶培养基中添加同源胞外多糖，以浓度梯度实验法考察培养基中的同源胞外多糖浓度对灵芝真菌发酵胞外多糖产量的影响，结果表明：培养基中添加的同源胞外多糖浓度高于0．59g/L时，EPS的产生受到明显抑制，其趋势是随着培养基中同源灵芝胞外多糖浓度的增加，反馈抑制作用逐渐增强，当培养基中添加的同源胞外多糖浓度高于2．34g/L时，菌丝的生长和胞外多糖的产生完全受到抑制。     

深层发酵生产灵芝菌丝体多糖研究

采用生物工程发酵技术进行灵芝菌730菌丝体多糖扩大生产,在500 L全自动不锈钢发酵罐中通过控制深层发酵工艺条件获得灵芝菌丝体、灵芝多糖。结果表明:发酵70 h,镜检菌丝壁上无明显的芽头和锁状联合,菌丝体有少许自溶,无杂菌。灵芝菌丝体的浓度达到30%左右,胞外灵芝多糖和胞内灵芝多糖分别达3.5g/L和4.8%。     

固定化细胞乳酸发酵动力学及工艺的研究

本文对海藻酸钙固定化德氏乳酸杆菌的间歇发酵动力学进行了探讨,并对固定化细胞高糖浓度发酵以及外循环固定化细胞反应器连续发酵工艺条件进行了研究。结果表明:固定化不改变细胞的最适生长温度和pH;底物和产物均对细胞生长有抑制作用;固定化细胞生长的饱和常数和抑制常数增大,比生长速率减小,产酸速率增加;高糖浓度发酵最适工艺条件为初糖浓度120～130g/l,发酵时间68～72h,发酵液中乳酸浓度可达100g/l;外循环固定化细胞反应器连续发酵最适工艺条件为初糖浓度50g/l,稀释速率0.048～0.09l/h,转化率达78％。     

重组毕赤酵母表达猪胰岛素前体代谢参数分析和动力学模型

采用发酵过程参数相关分析理论,分析了毕赤酵母在不同发酵阶段利用不同碳源时的生理代谢参数变化特征。同时,研究了不同比生长速率下重组毕赤酵母表达猪胰岛素前体补料分批发酵过程,建立蛋白表达阶段的细胞生长非结构模型,结果表明:比生长速率和甲醇浓度符合Monod方程,最大比生长速率(μmax)为0.101h-1,基质的半饱和常数(Ks)为0.252g/L,细胞得率系数YX/S=0.386g/g,细胞维持系数m=0.011g/(g·h)。当比生长速率为0.016h-1时猪胰岛素前体(PIP)最大比形成速率(qp,max)达0.098mg/(g·h)。该模型能较好预测毕赤酵母表达阶段细胞生长和PIP表达的发酵趋势,用其控制发酵过程,目标蛋白PIP产量为优化前的1.5倍,达0.976g/L。     

灵芝真菌发酵生产灵芝多糖和灵芝酸

提出了灵芝真菌同时高效生产灵芝多糖和灵芝酸的发酵过程。在摇瓶中考察了氮源、接种量、起始葡萄糖浓度和装液量对灵芝细胞生长及灵芝多糖和灵芝酸生产的影响。结果表明 ,酵母膏和蛋白胨复配作为氮源有利于细胞生长。接种量对细胞量有一定影响 ,但是对产物积累量影响更大。在 50 g/ L起始糖浓度下 ,细胞干重达到 1 6.7g/ L,胞内多糖、胞外多糖和灵芝酸分别达 1 .1 9g/ L,0 .854g/ L和 2 1 2 .3mg/ L。考察装液量发现 ,小装液量有利于提高细胞生长速率和产物的生产速率     

不同中药提取液对灵芝摇瓶培养的影响

实验采用将9味中药的水提取液浓度0．125g/mL分别加入灵芝二级摇瓶发酵培养基中接种培养,观察中药对灵芝茵液体培养中生长量及产灵芝胞外多糖的影响,并初步研究了四味中药板蓝根、茵陈、垂盆草、茯苓不同浓度对灵芝液体培养的影响。结果显示：茵陈、垂盆草、火巷、桔梗、黄苓、板蓝根、连翘7味中药能抑制胞外多糖的分泌,茯苓可明显地促进灵芝的生长,增强胞外多糖的分泌。茯苓浓度在0．045g／mL-0．165g／mL能增加灵芝生物量,而在浓度0．045g/mL-0．085g/mL时能促进灵芝胞外多糖量,茵陈在浓度0．045g/mL-0．165g／mL范围内时对灵芝的生长具有促进作用,但对胞外多糖存在抑制作用,垂盆草、板蓝根对灵芝胞外多糖量和生物量有一定程度的抑制作用。     

大肠杆菌DH5α及其耐乙酸突变株生长和产乙酸规律

大肠杆菌DH5α的耐乙酸突变株DA19在复合培养基中有生长优势,最大比生长速率提高,产乙酸减少,对乙酸的耐受力增加。在基本培养基中DA19生长优势更加明显,消耗葡萄糖速率加快,单位菌体产乙酸得率YA/X比DH5α低,以消耗葡萄糖为基准的菌体得率YX/G提高。在添加乙酸的基本培养基中,DA19细胞浓度高于DH5α,更快利用葡萄糖。DA19在高葡萄糖浓度下(102g／L)也能良好生长,菌体浓度达26g／L,YX/G为0．257g／g。在变速补料分批培养中,DA19可以有效地控制乙酸的生成,细胞浓度达到20g／L,YX/G为0．360g／g,为其在高密度培养中的应用奠定了基础。     

葡萄糖氧化酶发酵动力学的研究

利用恒化器研究了葡萄糖氧化酶（ＧＯＤ）发酵动力学，建立了较为合理的恒化培养系统。对采集的数据用计算机进行回归，求得最大比生长速率μｍａｘ＝０．２２５ｈ－１、饱和常数Ｋｓ＝８．９１ｇ／Ｌ、基质得率系数ＹＧｍａｘ＝０．４９ｇ／ｇ以及维持系数ｍ＝０．０２ｇ／ｇ·ｈ。并研究了ｐＨ、ＤＯ、ＮＨ２－Ｎ、葡萄糖酸、细胞产率，酶比活及体积产酶速率等参数随比生长速率变化的规律。在Ｄ＝０．１３１ｈ－１下体积产酶速率（ＤＥ）达最大值，为３．４６×１６．６７μｍｏｌ／ｓ·Ｌ·ｈ，是分批发酵最大体积产酶速率（１．５３×１６．６７μｍｏｌ／ｓ·Ｌ·ｈ）的２．２６倍。     

茶树菇液体培养条件的研究

经摇瓶实验将茶树菇菌丝体进行液体培养，选出了该菌株最佳工业发酵培养基C，并以单因子实验的形式，经10L发酵罐实验，确定了该菌株的最适工业发酵条件。温度在25℃，pH5．6，转速150r／min，通气量5L/min时，菌丝生长最旺，功丝干重2．5g／100mL，粗多糖含量为1．6g/100mL。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to