P—形式有限元法

应用微分几何语言，给计算０－３－形式物理量的ｐ－形式有限元法作了一般性的定义，并导１－３－形式的线性插值基函数。     

某一类平面上E_3动力系统的全局结构

本文证明了Ｅ３系统ｄｘ／ｄｔ＝Ｐ３（ｘ，ｙ）ｄｙ／ｄｔ＝ｘ有的定曲线Ｆ（ｘ，ｙ）＝ｘ～２＋ｙ～２－１＝０为特解当且仅当 它具有形式： ｄｘ／ｄｔ＝ａ１ｘ＋ａ２ｙ－ａ１ｘ～３－（１＋ａ２）ｘ～２ｙ－ａ１ｘｙ～２－（１＋ａ２）ｙ３，ｄｙ／ｄｔ＝ｘ，进而讨论了系统的所有 有限远奇点和无限远奇点的性质，并且利川Ｄｕｌａｃ函数证明了ｘ～２＋ｙ～２＝１是它唯一可能的极限环。 最后我们得到由图（１）－（１０）说明的所有可能的全局结构．     

1－（N－哌啶甲基）－3－苯基－4－芳酰基－1，2，4－三唑啉－5－硫酮的合成

通过１－苯甲酰基－４－芳酰基氨基硫脲在碱性条件下环化脱水成为３－苯基－４－芳酰基－１，２，４－三唑啉－５－硫酮Ⅰ１～９．Ⅰ１～９与３７％甲醛溶液和六氢吡啶在二氧六环溶液中发生Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ反应合成了９种新的１－（Ｎ－哌啶甲基）－３－苯基－４－芳酰基－１，２，３－三唑啉－５－硫硐Ⅱ１～９．所得１８种新化合物的结构经ＩＲ，１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ和ＭＳ鉴定．     

1－［5－（3－甲基苯基）－2H－四唑－2－乙酰基］－4－芳酰基氨基硫脲及其环化反应

通过５－（３－甲基苯基）－２Ｈ四唑－２－乙酰肼与芳酰基异硫氰酸酯在无水无腈中缩合制得了一系列新的１－［５－（３－甲基苯基）－２Ｈ－四唑－２－乙酰基）－４－芳酰氨基硫脲１＿（ａ～ｋ），１＿（ａ～ｋ），在浓硫酸作用下，得到了新的２－芳酰氨基－５－［５－（３－甲基苯基）－２Ｈ四唑－２－亚甲基］－１，３，４－噻二唑２＿（ａ～ｋ）．１＿（ａ～ｋ）和２＿（ａ～ｋ）在１．５×１０￣（－４）ｍｏｌ·Ｌ￣（－１）浓度下对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的繁殖均有一定的抑制作用。     

Fe_4S_4簇合物中μ_3－S的酸不稳定性研究

在室温下，用ＵＶ－２１００型紫外可见分光光度计考察各种ｐＨ值的缓冲液对Ｆｅ＿４Ｓ＿４簇合物中μ＿３－Ｓ的破坏程度，藉此考察ＦｅＭｏ－ｃｏ中μ＿３－Ｓ的酸不稳定性．结果表明Ｆｅ＿４Ｓ＿４簇合物中的μ＿３－Ｓ在ｐＨ２～３时最不稳定，极易受酸破坏；ｐＨ３～４时，Ｆｅ＿４Ｓ＿４簇中的μ＿３－Ｓ受酸影响较ｐＨ２～３时小；ｐＨ４～５时，Ｆｅ＿４Ｓ＿４簇基本稳定，其中的μ＿３－Ｓ基本不受破坏．结合蛋白环境对金属中心有巨大保护作用，在生物提取ＦｅＭｏ－ｃｏ的过程中酸解对蛋白键合的ＦｅＭｏ－ｃｏ骨架μ＿３－Ｓ的破坏是很微弱的，但对裸露的或外围蛋白受到破坏的ＦｅＭｏ－ｃｏ骨架μ＿３－Ｓ的破坏却是相当大的．     

Fe4S4簇合物中μ3—S的酸不稳定性研究

在室温下，用ＵＶ－２１００型紫外可见分光光度计考察各种ｐＨ值的缓冲液对Ｆｅ４Ｓ４簇合物中μ３－Ｓ的破坏程度，藉此考察ＦｅＭｏ－ｃｏ中μ３－Ｓ的酸不稳定性，结果表明Ｆｅ４Ｓ４簇合物中的μ３－Ｓ在ｐＨ２～３时最不稳定，极易受酸破坏：ｐＨ３～４时，Ｆｅ４Ｓ４簇中的μ３－Ｓ受酸影响较ｐＨ２～３时小；ｐＨ４～５时。Ｆｅ４Ｓ４簇基本稳定，其中μ３－Ｓ基本不受破坏，结合蛋白环境对金属中心有巨大保护作用，在生物提     

原位反应生成Al-Fe/Al_2O_3,Al-Cu/Al_2O_3复合材料的过程原理

采用喷射共沉积法制备了Ａｌ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３及Ａｌ－ＣｕＯ复合体，Ｆｅ和Ｃｕ的质量分数分别为９．６０％和５．５０％．在热处理过程中，随着温度由６００℃升高到８００℃和１０００℃，Ｆｅ３Ｏ４按Ｆｅ３Ｏ４ＦｅＯＦｅ顺序被还原，得到Ａｌ－Ｆｅ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合材料，其中Ｆｅ以Ａｌ１３Ｆｅ４相及ＡｌＦｅ相形式存在．Ａｌ２Ｏ３粒度为２～４μｍ均匀分布在基体中．Ａｌ／ＣｕＯ复合体在９００℃处理后，形成Ａｌ－Ｃｕ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合材料．文中对显微结构形成、反应进行的过程作了分析．     

L^3中极大曲面Weierstrass表示及其第一和第二基本形式

本文运用３维Ｍｉｎｋｏｗｓｋｉ空间Ｌ＾３中类空曲面的Ｗｅｉｅｒｓｔｒａｓｓ公式的复化形式，简单地导出了极大类空曲面的Ｗ－因子的特征及其用Ｗ－因了表示的第一，第二基本形式，Ｇａｕｓｓ曲率。     

二螺[5.1.5.3]化合物立体结构的研究

２，１０－二（β乙氧羰基）－３，１１－二羟基－二螺［５．１．５．３］十六－２，１０－二烯－７－酮不同熔点的光学异构体的构型一直未确定，本文利用化学方法、核磁共振法和Ｘ－射线晶体衍射法，确定了这两个不同熔点的异构体的相对构型及其在溶液和晶体中的构象。为了研究二螺［５．１．５．３．］类化合物的结构问题，首先合成了一系列的二螺［５．１．５．３］化合物，对它们的化学性质进行研究，其中６个是未见文献报道的新化合物。然后用二维核磁共振方法研究２，１０－二（β－乙氧羰基）－３，１１－二羟基－二螺［５．１．５．３］十六－２，１０－二分７－酮的异构体，确定了它们的相对构型，具有 １４Ｄ～１４１℃熔点的为内消旅（Ｒ， Ｓ）构型。而具８２～３８℃熔点的为由（Ｒ，Ｒ）和（Ｓ，Ｓ）构型组成的外消旋体；通过对二维核磁共振谱的分析，讨论了这两个二螺环化合物在溶液中的构象。同时培养得到了其中具有８２～８３℃熔点的２，１０－二（β－乙氧羰基）－３，１１－二羟基－二螺［５．１．５．３］十六－２，１０－二烯－７－二的片状单晶，用Ｘ－衍射线射法测定了它的晶体结构，空间群为Ｐｎｃａ，发现其晶体在一维具有很大晶胞参数，在有机小分子晶体中比较少见。     

无溶剂存在下微波照射的苯并三唑N-烷基化反应

报道了无溶剂存在下微波照射的１，２，３－苯并三唑Ｎ－烷基化反应，将１，２，３－苯并三唑和烷基化剂（卤代烷）吸附在固体ＫＦ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３上，用强度适当的微波照射２～３ｍｉｎ，得到相应的Ｎ－烷基化产物．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the