高氯酸铵(AP)基复合改性双基(AP/CMDB)推进剂燃速控制与降感研究

测试了加入不同粒度AP、不同品种催化剂的推进剂的燃速和加入不同降感材料的推进剂的机械感度,分析了影响AP/CMDB推进剂燃烧性能和机械感度的主要影响因素。结果表明AP粒度是影响AP/CMDB推进剂燃速的主要因素;加入纳米催化剂与某含铜化合物复配能进一步提高燃速,燃速压强指数不提高;推进剂中含能材料的比例和材料颗粒形貌对推进剂机械感度有明显影响。采用某低感增塑剂部分代替NG并加入某高导热碳基材料进行协同降感,能明显降低AP/CMDB推进剂的摩擦感度和撞击感度。     

AP/CMDB推进剂燃速控制与降感研究

测试了加入不同粒度AP、不同品种催化剂的推进剂的燃速和加入不同降感材料的推进剂的机械感度,分析了影响AP/CMDB推进剂燃烧性能和机械感度的主要影响因素。结果表明,AP粒度是影响AP/CMDB推进剂燃速的主要因素,加入纳米催化剂与某含铜化合物复配能进一步提高燃速,燃速压强指数不提高;推进剂中含能材料的比例和材料颗粒形貌对推进剂机械感度有明显影响,采用某低感增塑剂部分代替NG并加入某高导热碳基材料进行协同降感,能明显降低AP/CMDB推进剂的摩擦感度和撞击感度。     

复合推进剂低压燃烧性能测试研究

采用高速摄影燃速测试系统和真空箱-非壅塞燃气发生器测试系统实现了HTPB(端羟基聚丁二烯)复合推进剂低压平均燃速测试和不稳定燃烧测试。由测试结果得出AP(高氯酸铵)总含量、AP平均粒径、催化剂对平均燃速的影响规律以及AP总含量、AP平均粒径、平均燃速对推进剂低压不稳定燃烧的影响规律。     

含球形硼粉CMDB推进剂的燃烧性能

用燃速测试、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光电子能谱仪(EDS)和单幅照相技术研究了含球形硼粉改性双基推进剂(CMDB)的燃烧性能、熄火表面和火焰结构。结果表明,球形硼粉主要在推进剂燃烧表面或接近燃烧表面处熔融、燃烧,用等质量的球形硼粉替代黑索今(RDX),推进剂燃速和凝聚相热分解的剧烈程度下降,压强指数升高。     

含球形硼粉改性双基推进剂的燃烧性能

用燃速测试、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光电子能谱仪(EDS)和单幅照相技术研究了含球形硼粉改性双基推进剂(CMDB)的燃烧性能、熄火表面和火焰结构。结果表明,球形硼粉主要在推进剂燃烧表面或接近燃烧表面处熔融、燃烧,用等质量的球形硼粉替代黑索今(RDX),推进剂燃速和凝聚相热分解的剧烈程度下降,压强指数升高。     

二硝酰胺铵对交联改性双基推进剂能量及燃烧性能的影响

为研究二硝酰胺铵(ADN)对交联改性双基推进剂(XLDB)推进剂能量及燃烧性能的影响规律,采用扫描电镜观察了ADN颗粒的微观形貌,采用最小自由能法分别计算了ADN逐步代替奥克托今(HMX)和高氯酸铵(AP)对XLDB推进剂能量参数的影响,并通过靶线法和稳态燃烧火焰结构研究了不同ADN含量推进剂的燃烧性能。结果表明,ADN颗粒表面光滑、致密,无明显缺陷; ADN完全替代HMX时,推进剂理论比冲降低10. 3 N·s/kg; ADN完全替代AP时,理论比冲提高38. 4 N·s/kg;采用ADN逐步替代AP时,推进剂1～15 MPa下燃速和压力指数增加。     

二硝酰胺铵复合推进剂燃烧性能研究

为降低复合固体推进剂特征信号,利用新型聚醚黏合剂制备了含绿色氧化剂二硝酰胺铵(ADN)的复合推进剂.燃速测试表明,ADN复合推进剂燃速高于相应的高氯酸铵(AP)复合推进剂,燃速压力指数较高.热失重分析表明,聚醚黏合剂体系起始热分解温度为235℃,ADN复合推进剂起始热失重温度与相应AP复合推进剂相同,热失重曲线低于相应AP复合推进剂.扫描电镜分析显示,含ADN复合推进剂燃烧熄火表面存在明显熔融层.     

超高燃速推进剂的压力敏感性

分析了超高燃速推进剂的压力敏感性，提出了一种降低超高燃速推进剂压力敏感性的物理方法，即通过估算，以不同密度和不同孔结构参数的多段药片组合成ＵＨＢＲ药柱。实验证明理论估算与实测ｐ－ｕ关系，在规律上非常一致，证实用这种方法可以降低ＵＨＢＲ燃烧过程的表观压力指数。     

二茂铁类燃速催化剂对含镁铝富燃料推进剂一次燃烧性能的影响研究

为了研究二茂铁类燃速催化剂对含镁铝富燃料推进剂一次燃烧性能的影响,设计了含不同种类、不同含量燃速催化剂的含镁铝富燃料推进剂配方,并对各配方的燃速、燃烧温度和爆热进行了测试。实验结果表明:叔丁基二茂铁、卡托辛和巴特辛均可明显提高含镁铝富燃料推进剂的燃速,其中巴特辛对含镁铝富燃料推进剂的燃速提升效果最为明显;加入叔丁基二茂铁和卡托辛后,含镁铝富燃料推进剂的燃速指数基本不变,但加入巴特辛后,推进剂的燃速与压强的关系背离指数关系;三种二茂铁类燃速催化剂均可通过提高一次燃烧过程中燃料和氧化剂的混合程度,使得推进剂的燃烧温度和放热量提高,其中巴特辛的效果最为明显。     

RDX-CMDB推进剂低压燃烧性能研究

用燃速测试研究了燃烧催化剂(铅盐、铅盐/铜盐、铅盐/铜盐/炭黑)、燃烧稳定剂(Ca CO3、Ti O2、Mg O及Al2O3)以及RDX粒径(7μm、21μm和45μm)对RDX-CMDB推进剂在低压下[(1~5)MPa]燃烧性能的影响。结果表明,复配体系的燃烧催化剂可有效提高RDX-CMDB推进剂的燃速并降低其压强指数,推进剂燃速随RDX粒径增大而提高,Ca CO3可提高推进剂燃速,Ti O2、Mg O和Al2O3会导致推进剂燃速降低。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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