交联氧化石墨烯/海藻酸钙共混膜的制备与性能表征

用环氧氯丙烷成功地制备出氧化石墨烯/海藻酸钙(环氧氯丙烷交联)共混膜。并通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、力学性能测试、膨胀性能测试和导电性测试对共混膜的结构和性能进行了表征与测试。结果表明,环氧氯丙烷与共混膜中的羟基发生了交联反应,环氧氯丙烷的交联作用提高了共混膜的抗张强度和膨胀性能,再经硼氢化钠还原后显著地提高了共混膜的导电性能。     

EVA及其交联发泡废弃物解交联产物的交联动力学

用示差扫描量热(DSC)和硫化仪方法研究乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)及其交联发泡废弃物力化学解交联产物(PDM)在过氧化异丙苯引发下的交联反应动力学.DSC分析显示,EVA和共混物(EVA/PDM)交联反应的表观活化能分别为175.1和210.0 kJ·mol-1,指前因子(A)的对数值(ln A)分别为41.5和51.1;而硫化仪法的表观活化能分别为78.5~80.0和110.0~118.6 kJ·mol-1,ln A值分别为16.2~17.3和24.0~27.8.交联反应是复杂反应,近似地可认为是一级反应.废弃交联物中未解交联部分阻碍了交联反应,致使EVA/PDM的交联反应较EVA的难以进行,交联反应速率和活化能与交联度有关.DSC与硫化仪的结果是一致的.硫化仪测试是简便快速的方法,可用于指导生产.     

原位离子交联聚电解质络合物纳滤膜的制备与表征

 为获得高渗透选择性的聚电解质络合物纳滤膜(PECNFMs),以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI),海藻酸钠(SA)和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)为原料,通过原位离子交联的方式制备了一系列新型PECNFMs。分别采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR),场发射扫描电镜(SEM)和接触角实验(CA)对PECNFMs 的化学组成、结构和亲水性进行表征。考查聚电解质的配比、聚阴离子的种类、无机盐的种类及操作温度等因素对PECNFMs 性能的影响。结果表明,当PEI 质量比相同时,PEI/SA 原位离子交联PECNFMs 较PEI/CMC 膜具有更高的水通量;且随着PEI 质量比的增加,PECNFMs 的荷电性由荷负电转变为荷正电;当PEI 质量比为0.9 时(PEI/SA 0.9)具有最佳的纳滤分离性能,其对MgCl2的截留率为94.0%,水通量为13.4 L·m^-2·h^-1(在25℃和0.6 MPa下,对1 g·L^-1 MgCl₂水溶液进行测试),表现出较高的Na⁺/Mg²⁺分离性能(分离因子为10.4)。采用原位离子交联法,成功制备了高渗透选择性的新型PECNFMs,该方法具有一定的普适性,为高性能纳滤膜的制备开辟了新途径。     

磷酸化环氧树脂/聚乙烯醇交联膜研究

以双酚A环氧树脂(DGEBA)与聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料,按一定的配比共混成膜后热交联.探讨了交联对膜的溶解性、力学性能、热稳定性和抗氧化稳定性的影响.用多聚磷酸对交联膜进行磷酸化,引入质子传导基团,并表征了磷酸化膜的离子交换容量,抗氧化稳定性和导电率.通过溶解性测试和热重分析证明了交联反应的成功,通过拉伸测试和热重分析证实了交联在一定程度上改善了膜的力学性能,提高了热稳定性,且交联膜在Fenton's试剂中浸泡60h后其残余质量达70％以上;通过元素分析证实了磷酸化的成功,DGEBA/PVA交联膜中,30％DGEBA、磷酸化时间为50 min的膜在室温和100％湿度下的电导率最高达到了0.126 S/cm.     

LDPE-丙烯酸酯体系光接枝及交联反应的研究

以二苯甲酮为光引发剂, 以低密度聚乙烯 (LDPE)膜为基膜,研究了不同单体的光接枝聚合反应及交联反应,并用称重法测定了聚合体系单体的转化率、接枝效率以及膜的交联度。结果表明,在所选用的单体中,甲基丙烯酸甲酯很难进行光接枝聚合反应 (接枝效率为0) ;丙烯酸的单体转化率最高 (>80 %) ;丙烯酸、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸和丙烯酸甲酯的接枝效率较高 (可达到95%)。测定了接枝后LDPE膜的交联程度 ,当丙烯腈、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸及丙烯酰胺作为单体时 ,LDPE膜产生了较为明显的交联 (交联度>30 % )。观察反应结束后的LDPE复合膜,发现以丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸甲酯及丙烯酸作单体时较难分离。     

环氧氯丙烷交联聚乙烯醇膜的制备与性能

在碱性条件下用环氧氯丙烷(EPI)溶液对聚乙烯醇(PVA)膜进行交联改性,研究了EPI质量分数对PVA膜的耐水性、力学性能和表面亲水性的影响。研究结果表明:通过交联反应,提高了PVA膜的耐水性和力学性能,降低了其表面亲水性;随着EPI质量分数的增加,PVA膜的拉伸强度不断增强,当EPI质量分数为8%时,PVA膜的拉伸强度可达43.9MPa。     

LDPE-VAC体系光接枝及交联反应的研究 (Ⅰ)引发剂的影响

采用不同的引发剂(如BP,Irgacure651,Irgacure184,XAN,ITX,AQ,BPO,AIBN,丙酮以及环己酮等)引发醋酸乙烯酯(VAC)在低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)膜上光接枝聚合反应,并用称重法测定了单体的转化率、接枝效率及膜的交联度;作为比较,同时考察了不加单体时上述引发剂引发LDPE膜的交联反应。结果表明,使用BP作引发剂时,接枝效率最高(接近80%),交联程度也最高(超过50%);而AQ,BPO和AIBN等却不能引发VAC的接枝聚合反应;单体不存在时,所有引发剂均能引发PE膜的交联反应,但交联程度不同。     

LDPE-VAC体系光接枝及交联反应的研究(Ⅰ)引发剂的影响

采用不同的引发剂(如BP, Irgacure 651, Irgacure 184, XAN, ITX, AQ, BPO, AIBN, 丙酮以及环己酮等)引发醋酸乙烯酯(VAC)在低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)膜上光接枝聚合反应, 并用称重法测定了单体的转化率、接枝效率及膜的交联度;作为比较, 同时考察了不加单体时上述引发剂引发LDPE膜的交联反应. 结果表明, 使用BP作引发剂时, 接枝效率最高(接近80%), 交联程度也最高(超过50%);而AQ, BPO和AIBN等却不能引发VAC的接枝聚合反应;单体不存在时, 所有引发剂均能引发PE膜的交联反应, 但交联程度不同.     

交联聚合物溶液封堵性能影响因素分析

采用核微孔滤膜过滤法研究了部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)浓度、相对分子质量以及HPAM与交联剂柠檬酸铝(AlCit)的交联比(HPAM与Al的质量比)对交联聚合物溶液(LPS)封堵性能的影响.试验结果表明,随着HPAM浓度和相对分子质量的增加,HPAM与AlCit反应形成的LPS通过1.2 μm核孔膜的过滤时间延长,对核孔膜的封堵程度增大.但是,相对分子质量为1.57×107的HPAM形成的LPS通过核孔膜时易发生剪切,达到封堵平衡时对核孔膜的封堵程度低于7.70×106的HPAM形成的LPS.对LPS来说存在一个最佳交联比值,在此交联比值时LPS对核孔膜的封堵程度最高.同时,从机理上阐述了产生这些结果的原因.     

交联聚合物溶液封堵性能影响因素分析

采用核微孔滤膜过滤法研究了部分水解聚丙烯酰胺 (HPAM )浓度、相对分子质量以及HPAM与交联剂柠檬酸铝 (AlCit)的交联比 (HPAM与Al的质量比 )对交联聚合物溶液 (LPS)封堵性能的影响。试验结果表明 ,随着HPAM浓度和相对分子质量的增加 ,HPAM与AlCit反应形成的LPS通过 1.2 μm核孔膜的过滤时间延长 ,对核孔膜的封堵程度增大。但是 ,相对分子质量为 1.5 7× 10 7的HPAM形成的LPS通过核孔膜时易发生剪切 ,达到封堵平衡时对核孔膜的封堵程度低于 7.70× 10 6的HPAM形成的LPS。对LPS来说存在一个最佳交联比值 ,在此交联比值时LPS对核孔膜的封堵程度最高。同时 ,从机理上阐述了产生这些结果的原因     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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