基于液化天然气冷量的液体空分新流程

分析了空分装置中应用液化天然气(LNG)冷量的优势.从流程设计和现有流程改造的角度,分别提出了采用LNG冷量冷却循环氮气的液体空分装置的新方案,并采用Aspen Plus软件对其进行模拟计算.研究表明:与传统流程相比较,新方案采用LNG作为冷源冷却循环氮气后,可以代替氟利昂制冷机以及氮透平膨胀机组,取消了氮气外循环,系统得到简化,所需循环氮气量明显减少;系统最高运行压力由传统流程的4.2~5.0 MPa降低到2.3~2.6 MPa;液态产品的单位能耗从1.05~1.25 kW.h/kg降低到0.317~0.384 kW.h/kg.     

R290/CO2蒸气压缩复叠式制冷系统实验

通过建立R290／CO2复叠式制冷系统实验台，对R290／CO2蒸气压缩复叠式制冷循环进行了实验研究，结果表明，CO2循环在较低温度下运行，黏性对CO2经过压缩机的性能影响较大，对流过管路的影响较小，CO2压缩机的压力比高于11290压缩机的压力比，但由于CO2压缩机由吸入的较低温度的工质冷却，CO2压缩机的排气温度低于11290压缩机的排气温度；CO2循环的能量损失较大，使得CO2循环的性能系数低于11290循环的性能系数．在CO2循环中可利用无吸排气阀的回转式压缩机，用膨胀机代替节流阀，以提高R290／CO2复叠式制冷循环的性能系数．     

二氧化碳跨临界制冷循环系统能效分析

在分析R134a循环系统和带中间冷却器的双级压缩C02制冷循环系统的工作过程及性能特点的基础上,提出了制冷循环系统冷却器的设计依据。通过建立热力学模型,对CO2跨临界双级压缩制冷循环进行了数值仿真计算,并将计算结果与R134a循环系统进行对比分析。通过制冷循环效能分析,重点研究了影响系统循环的主要参数,如排气出口压力、回气过热、蒸发器温度和COP的表现,旨在为实际系统设计提供参考。     

带节能器的CO2跨临界循环制冷系统

为避免CO2跨临界循环运行因高低压差增大而导致压缩过程偏离等熵过程太远，减小CO2跨临界循环系统损失，提高系统性能并降低系统成本，采用带节能器的CO2跨临界制冷循环，对其热力学模型进行计算分析，并与基本带膨胀机循环进行对比．结果表明，不同于传统工质带节能器制冷循环的补气压力介于系统高压和低压之间，带节能器CO2跨临界制冷循环的补气压力应介于临界压力和低压之间；其制冷系数与膨胀机效率为0．6的系统性能相当；制冷性能随蒸发温度的升高而提升，随气体冷却器出口温度的升高而降低；相对补气压力对系统性能的影响较大，当相对补气压力为0．9～1．1时制冷性能较高，在较低蒸发温度下降低压缩机排气温度的优势明显．     

基于数据集成的GTCC进气余热制冷的经济评价

为更准确地评价燃气-蒸汽联合循环(GTCC)进气冷却方案,提出了基于数据集成的进气余热制冷经济评价方法.该方法综合了GTCC系统的进气温度特性、进气冷却系统的变工况特性、机组负荷规律以及当地全年标准气象参数等.对华南地区某GTCC进气余热制冷方案的经济评价表明,进气温度每降低1℃,联合循环功率约增大0.5%,而热耗率变化不大.对进气温度从环境温度(30℃)冷却至10℃的冷却方案,按当地气象条件,进气温降年平均可达16℃,GTCC年功率增大8.27%,热耗率增大1.03%,当增容尖峰电价为1.00元/(kW·h)及油价为2200元/t时,投资回收期约两年.     

MDEA溶液吸收烟气中CO_2的实验研究

在N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)溶液吸收CO2反应机理的指导下,探讨了MDEA溶液浓度、反应温度和进气总流量对工业烟气中CO2吸收速率及吸收容量的影响。结果表明,当醇胺溶液浓度为0.03 mol/L,进气总流量为46.6 mL/min,温度为22℃时,吸收效果最佳,可达最大吸收速率0.43 mmol/s,吸收容量为16.05 mmol/mL,为动态法吸收CO2提供一定理论依据。     

SOLAR Titan130压缩机组启动试运程序探究

1引言 燃气轮压缩机组由箱装体、进气过滤系统、排气系统、箱体通风系统、CO2灭火系统、滑油系统、等12个系统组成。本压缩机组采用净化天然气燃烧膨胀做功（透平）为驱动力,燃料气进站通过燃气处理撬将进气压力调整到2.6 MPa-2.8 MPa,最佳2.75 MPa,然后进入燃气轮机参与燃烧,提供动力支持。滑油系统的冷却采用撬外冷却系统,滑油冷却器配有一变频电机,首先采用是自然通风,     

CO2跨临界两级压缩制冷循环热力学分析

采用热力学方法对CO2跨临界两级制冷循环性能进行了分析，并与单级系统进行了对比。结果表明，采用两级压缩可提高CO2循环的COP，相同工作条件下，两级压缩与单级压缩系统相比，其COP可提高5％左右；一定的蒸发温度下，CO2循环的最佳冷却压力在9.0MPa左右；采用回热器在循环最佳冷却压力以下可大幅度提高系统性能，超过最佳冷却压力以后，对系统的改善很小；相同压缩终了压力下，两级压缩的排气温度可比单级压缩低18℃左右。     

一种用于内燃机排气能量回收的新型布雷顿循环系统

为回收涡轮增压内燃机排气(IC)能量,提出一种新型布雷顿循环系统:在增压系统耦合1个高速电机作为布雷顿循环负载,回收涡轮功率;将内燃机视为布雷顿循环的燃烧器,通过改变其运行参数来调节布雷顿循环工质状态和参数。以某增压柴油机为研究对象,根据试验数据建立并标定循环系统的GT-Power仿真模型。研究不同转速下涡轮旁通阀开度、进气压力和循环喷油量对布雷顿循环性能参数的影响。研究结果表明:该布雷顿循环可以有效回收排气能量;涡前流量、压力和温度与布雷顿循环输出功率及热效率呈正相关;随进气压力增大,布雷顿循环功率和效率先增大后减小;循环喷油量增大,布雷顿循环输出功率和效率均增大,但系统总效率下降;当转速为3 400 r/min时,最大输出功率为18.30 kW,最大循环热效率为9.51%;系统总热效率相对于原机提高5.74%。     

可调节比例的功/冷联供卡林纳循环系统性能研究

提出和研究了一种可根据用户所需调节比例的功/冷联供卡林纳循环系统.在三压力卡林纳循环基础上增加了一条由发生精馏塔、冷凝器、蒸发器和过冷器组成的制冷子回路,与锅炉和透平组成的动力回路相并联.新增制冷回路将锅炉出口热源进一步利用后提供额外制冷量,从而提升整个循环的综合性能.制冷蒸发器中的蒸发压力由循环基本溶液浓度所决定,因此制冷温度可以保持在较低水平(-25～-5℃).研究结果表明,在烟气热源、冷却水进口温度分别为350和32℃的条件下,系统取工作浓度0.54及对应的最小分流比0.53时,循环性能最佳,其综合动力回收效率可达23.41%,比相同条件下优化后的常规三压力卡林纳循环及氨水朗肯循环的动力回收效率分别提高了17.28%和43.18%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-