聚丁二烯锂与工业二乙烯基苯共聚合动力学——极性添加剂四氢呋喃的影响

以四氢呋喃为极性添加剂,工业二乙烯基苯(DVB)为偶联剂,用阴离子聚合方法合成了星型聚丁二烯。用气相色谱法测定了聚丁二烯鋰与工业DVB四种单体(p-DVB,m-DVB,m-EVB,p-EVB)的偶联共聚速率,同时测定了反应活化能。结果表明:工业DVB四种单体的反应速率都比在纯环己烷中快,其中p-DVB和m-DVB的反应速率增加尤为明显;反应活化能分别为29.3,30.1,43.5和44.5kJ/mol,均比在纯环己烷中有大幅度地下降。改变THF/Li配比,p-DVB和m-DVB的反应速率随THF/Li增加而提高,而m-EVB和p-EVB的反应速率随THF/Li增加均出现极值。少量THF可加速偶联速率,当THF/Li=6时,在2～3分钟内可使偶联效率提高到90%。     

反相悬浮共聚法制备淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺絮凝剂及其在水处理中的应用

以环己烷为连续相,span-60为分散剂,硝酸铈铵/过硫酸钾(CAN/KPS)为复合引发剂,通过反相悬浮共聚法制备淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺絮凝剂.考察了引发剂用量、反应时间、单体用量、分散剂用量及反应温度等因素对接枝反应中单体转化率和接枝率的影响;并将该接枝共聚物用于对高浊度水的絮凝实验.结果显示接枝反应的最佳反应条件为:淀粉用量10 g,丙烯酰胺用量5 g,分散剂用量3 g,引发剂用量0.3 g(CAN/KPS＝0.5,摩尔比),反应温度70 ℃,反应时间2 h;絮凝实验表明该淀粉接枝絮凝剂对高浊度水具有良好的絮凝效果.     

9,9-二[4-(4-胺基苯氧基)]苯基呫吨共缩聚改性聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺

以9,9-二[4-(4-胺基苯氧基)苯基]呫吨(BAPX)为第3单体,将其与对苯二甲酰氯、对苯二胺(PPD)在N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)中进行低温溶液共缩聚反应,合成了一系列含呫吨结构的聚酰胺共聚物.研究了单体摩尔浓度、反应初始温度、第3单体用量对共聚反应的影响,并用IR、DSC、TGA等方法对共聚物进行了表征.结果表明:新型聚芳酰胺的特性粘度为1.85～3.20 dL·g^-1,具有较高的玻璃化温度(305.6～325.7 ℃),在氮气氛中5%热失重温度为 524～544 ℃,800 ℃时的残炭率在52%以上.随着单体BAPX和PPD摩尔比的增加,共聚物的玻璃化温度逐渐降低,当BAPX和PPD摩尔比大于50/50时,共聚酰胺在常温下可溶于NMP、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺等极性有机溶剂中.     

硫酸氢钠催化合成乙酸正丁酯

以水合硫酸氢钠为催化剂,对以乙酸和正丁醇为原料合成乙酸正丁酯的反应条件进行了研究,较系统地研究了酸醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间、回流温度诸因素对收率的影响.优化的反应条件如下:n(乙醇)∶n(正丁酸)∶n(水合硫酸氢钠)=1.46∶1∶0.02;反应时间60min;回流反应温度110～126℃,酯化率可达97.5%.     

9,9-二[4-(4-羧基苯氧基)]苯基呫吨/对苯二胺/对苯二甲酸共聚酰胺的研究

采用Yamazaki聚合体系,以9,9-二[4-(4-羧基苯氧基)苯基]呫吨(BCPX)为第三单体,将其与对苯二甲酸(PTA)、对苯二胺(PPD)进行共缩聚反应,合成了一系列含呫吨结构的聚酰胺共聚物.研究了单体摩尔浓度、反应温度、BCPX和PTA摩尔比等对共聚反应的影响,并用IR、DSC、TGA等方法对共聚物进行了表征.结果表明,新型聚芳酰胺的对数比浓粘度为1.90～2.95 dL?g^-1,具有较高的玻璃化温度(T_g=297.3～320.5 ℃),在氮气氛中5%热失重温度为522～540 ℃,800 ℃时的残炭率在51% 以上.随着单体BCPX和PTA摩尔比的增加,共聚物的T_g逐渐降低,当BCPX和PTA摩尔比大于50/50时,共聚酰胺在常温下可溶于N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、吡啶等极性有机溶剂中.     

丁二酸铵水溶液直接酯化合成丁二酸酯

以NH4HSO4为催化剂,正丁醇为酯化剂,丁二酸铵水溶液为原料制备丁二酸单丁酯和丁二酸二丁酯。考察反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量和醇铵摩尔比等因素对酯化反应的影响,得到较佳的酯化反应工艺条件:丁二酸铵溶液质量分数50%,醇铵摩尔比5,反应时间8 h,反应温度130℃,催化剂用量为5%(按丁二酸铵质量计),丁二酸丁酯的总收率可达83.2%。     

一种油田用酸化胶凝剂PA-GA10的研制与性能评价

以阴离子单体A为主要合成单体,采用水溶液聚合的方式合成了一种酸化胶凝剂.产品特性黏度[η]为(694.3 ～731.7) mL/g.研究了单体质量浓度、引发剂浓度、反应时间、反应温度和聚合体系pH值对该产品特性黏度的影响,确定其最佳合成条件为:单体质量浓度为50％、引发剂用量为0.05％、反应时间为6h、反应温度为50℃、聚合体系的pH值为5.并对其用做酸化胶凝剂进行了室内性能评价,结果表明,产品具有较好的热稳定性和剪切稳定性,具有较好的开发前景.     

戊二酸锌催化衣康酸酐和环氧丙烷开环共聚

利用戊二酸锌(ZnGA)催化衣康酸酐(IAn)和环氧丙烷(PO)共聚合制备聚酯,采用FT-IR和~1HNMR对聚合物结构进行了表征.考察了聚合反应温度、反应时间、单体摩尔比和催化剂浓度对共聚合反应的影响.结果表明,ZnGA能够有效催化IAn与PO共聚,共聚合反应中交联现象明显.优化聚合反应条件,确定最佳条件为:反应温度为100℃,时间为96h,单体摩尔比为1∶1,催化剂浓度为0.01g·mL~(-1).     

超声波辅助合成[Gly]Cl离子液体的研究

采用超声波辅助加热回流的方法合成了甘氨酸离子液体([Gly]Cl),探讨了反应物摩尔比、反应时间、反应温度和超声波功率对离子液体收率的影响及超声波对合成反应的强化效应,并对目标产物进行了傅利叶红外光谱(FT-IR)表征.结果表明[Gly]Cl较优的合成条件为超声波功率125W、反应温度60℃、反应时间2h、盐酸与甘氨酸的物质的量之比值1.8,此时离子液体的收率约为89.97%.     

三种偶联剂改性CaCO3的影响因素及效果评定

采用3种偶联剂分别对碳酸钙进行表面改性,分析改性碳酸钙活化指数的影响因素,通过SEM分析和沉降体积的测试,评定3种偶联剂的改性效果。结果表明,钛酸酯偶联剂KH101改性碳酸钙最佳反应条件为,反应温度80℃,反应时间70min,m(偶联剂)∶m(碳酸钙)为0.03,环己酮用量为碳酸钙的5倍;硅烷偶联剂KH570、KH151改性碳酸钙最佳反应条件为,反应温度70℃,反应时间70min,m(偶联剂)∶m(碳酸钙)为0.03,环己酮用量为碳酸钙的5倍。用KH151、KH570两种硅烷偶联剂改性后的碳酸钙团聚现象仍比较严重,用KH101钛酸酯偶联剂改性后的碳酸钙团聚现象得到明显改善。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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