2’，4＇-二氟-2-（1H-1，2，4-三唑-1-基）苯乙酮的合成

在相转移催化剂存在的条件下，以1，2，4-三氮唑和2-氯-2’，4’-二氟苯乙酮为原料合成2’，4’-二氟-2-（1H-1，2，4-三唑-1-基）苯乙酮，分别讨论了原料配比、反应时间、缚酸剂、溶剂对合成反应的影响，确定了最佳合成工艺条件，产物收率可达82．6％。     

用Pd-Fe/SiO_2常压催化加氢合成3-氟-4-氨基苯酚的研究

以自制的Pd-Fe/SiO2为催化剂,对3-氟-4-硝基苯酚常压催化加氢得到3-氟-4-氨基苯酚,用熔点、元素分析I、R和1H NMR对其结构进行了表征,并确认为目标产物.确定优化工艺条件为:0.1 mol硝基物,催化剂2.6 g/mol硝基物,无水乙醇作溶剂,用量为60 mL,反应温度为40℃,0.1 MPa下加氢反应3 h,收率为98.1%,产物的纯度达98.4%.     

2-(4-羟基苯基)[60]富勒烯吡咯烷衍生物的合成研究

利用1,3-偶极环加成反应,合成分离得到了一种C60吡咯烷衍生物:2-(4-羟基苯基)[60]富勒烯吡咯烷,通过单因素方法,探讨了反应条件对产物产率的影响,并得到了较适宜反应条件:反应物摩尔比(C60:4-羟基苯甲醛:甘氨酸)为1∶4∶6,反应温度为100℃,反应时间为18 h,此时产物的产率可达到53%(以消耗的C60计)。同时用UV-Vis、1H-NMR、FT-IR、MS等测试手段表征了产物的结构,并利用差热分析仪测试了产物的热稳定性,结果表明,产物在一定温度下,具有良好的热稳定性。     

三氯甲基负离子进攻苯丙醛合成2-羟基-4-苯基丁酸

以三氯乙酸和三氯乙酸钠为原料,室温下在DMF中制备三氯甲基负离子,进攻苯丙醛的羰基碳制得中间体4-苯基-1,1,1-三氯-2-丁醇,然后在强碱条件下水解制得目标产物2-羟基-4-苯基丁酸.采用正交试验法对合成2-羟基-4-苯基丁酸的控制步骤水解反应的条件进行了综合优化,得到最佳水解条件为:n(4-苯基-1,1,1-三氯-2-丁醇)∶n(NaOH)=1∶20;V(DME)∶V(H2O)=1∶1;搅拌速度550 r/min;水解时间24 h;水解收率57%;两步总产率54%.产物结构经元素分析、红外光谱1、H-NMR确认.     

4-苄氧基-1H-吲唑的合成新方法

以2-甲基-3-硝基苯酚(I)为原料,先后经过加氢还原、乙酰化、亲核取代、关环及胺解反应,合成了4-苄氧基-1H-吲唑(VI),总的收率为76.3%,所得目标化合物采用FTIR、1H NMR及ESI-MS进行结构表征.研究了4-苄氧基-1-乙酰基-吲唑(Ⅴ)的合成工艺,结果表明,当亚硝酸异戊酯与N-(3-苄氧基-2-甲基苯基)乙酰胺(Ⅳ)的体积比为1.6∶1,反应温度为90℃,反应时间为16 h时,收率可达87.1%.该合成方法具有操作简单、收率高的优势.     

4，4’-双（氯甲基）联苯的合成

采用新的复配催化剂合成了4,4’-双（氯甲基）联苯（BCMB）,考察了复配催化剂、反应时间、反应温度、溶剂对产物收率的影响．结果表明：在最佳的工艺条件下,复配催化剂能使产物收率达到60．5％,而且缩短了反应时间．     

2-溴-2-硝基-1,3-丙二醇的合成

以硝基甲烷和甲醛为原料,在碱性条件下,经烷羟基化和溴化两步反应合成了2-溴-2-硝基-1,3-丙二醇.考察了反应温度、反应时间、溶剂中水与醇的体积比以及溶剂用量对产品收率的影响.最佳反应条件为:V(水)∶V(醇)=0.4∶1.0、V(溶剂)∶V(反应原料)=2.1∶1.0,烷羟化反应时间为1.5 h,反应温度为5℃;溴化反应时间为0.5 h,反应温度为10℃,产品收率可达到78%.     

3’-(4-溴萘-1-基)[1,1’-联苯基]-4-腈的合成及性能

以4-溴苯腈为起始原料经过Suzuki偶联反应、Miyanra硼化反应等合成了3’-(4-溴萘-1-基)[1,1’-联苯基]-4-腈(Ⅲ),利用~1 H NMR、~(13) C NMR对其结构进行了表征.考察了反应温度、膦配体及碱等因素对3-溴-4’-腈基联苯(Ⅰ)收率的影响.结果表明,55℃为最佳反应温度、Pd_2(dba)_3作为催化剂、三(对甲苯基)膦为配体,化合物Ⅰ收率最高,达到92.3%.通过TG、荧光发射光谱研究了化合物Ⅲ的发光效率和稳定性.化合物Ⅲ具有很好的热稳定性,失重5%的温度为321.5℃.     

双(2-羟基-1-萘甲醛)缩N,N'-二(3-氨基丙基)哌嗪Schiff碱的合成、表征及抑菌活性

以N,N''-二（3-氨基丙基）哌嗪、2-羟基-1-萘甲醛为原料,通过缩合反应得到双Schiff碱,双（2-羟基-1-萘甲醛）缩N,N''-二（3-氨基丙基）哌嗪。研究了溶剂、反应时间、温度等因素对产率的影响,得到最佳合成工艺条件为：乙醇为反应溶剂,反应温度60℃,反应时间4 h,产物分离收率约92%。利用熔点、IR、UV-vis、1H NMR等手段对产物结构进行了表征。此外,采用琼脂扩散平板抑菌法测定了其对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌的抑制作用,发现具有一定抑菌活性。     

N-(2'',3'',4'',6''-四乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)-5-(4''-甲基联苯基-2-基)四氮唑的合成

5-(4’-甲基联苯基-2-基)四氮唑与2,3,4,6-四乙酰基-α-D-吡喃溴代葡萄糖在弱碱性条件下反应生成了β型的氮糖苷。产物结构经红外光谱、核磁共振光谱、质谱和元素分析得到了证实。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-