长周期光纤光栅折射率传感的研究

由光栅周期的不同,光纤光栅可分为布喇格光纤光栅(FBG)和长周期光纤光栅(LPG).FBG的周期约为几百纳米,主要特性是将某一频段的光反射回去,形成以谐振波长为中心的窄带光学滤波器,LPG的周期通常为几十到几百微米,主要特性是将导波中某频段的光耦合到光纤包层中损耗掉,是一种透射型光纤器件.LPG对于温度、应力、外界折射率等参数的变化都有很高的响应灵敏度,研究表明,LPG对于温度的调协范围约为FBG的7倍,而对于外界折射率变化时的谐振峰中心波长移动量也明显高于布喇格光栅.由光纤场分布形式可知,光纤对于包层模的束缚性较芯模为弱,高阶模的束缚性较低阶模弱.也就是说当环境参数发生变化时,包层模式传播常数、有效折射率等参数的变化要大于芯模,高阶模式各参数的变化大于低阶模式.相位匹配条件的变化将会引起耦合谐振峰中心波长位置的改变,而FBG的谐振峰是由前向芯模和后向芯模耦合而成,而长周期光栅的谐振峰是由前向芯模和同向包层模耦合而成.因此长周期光纤光栅对于环境参数的敏感性要高于一般的光纤光栅,在光纤传感测量方面具有很高的实用价值.     

镀有敏感膜的长周期光纤光栅NO气体传感特性

为提高长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)化学传感器检测折射率小于1.4介质时的灵敏度,实现对一氧化氮(NO)气体的高灵敏度检测,采用在常规长周期光纤光栅包层外镀上折射率大于包层折射率的SiO2-WO3薄膜的方法,运用四层阶跃折射率耦合模理论,分析长周期光纤光栅谐振波长的光谱特性.当膜厚为最佳值时,谐振波长变化率最大,灵敏度最高.在室温下,用镀有不同膜厚的传感器检测体积分数为2%的NO气体.结果表明,只有镀3层膜的传感器谐振波长红移4.77 nm,灵敏度达3%,元件响应时间10 s,恢复时间20 s,其他膜厚的传感器谐振波长没有变化.     

占空比对高频CO2激光脉冲制作的LPFG光谱影响

文章对采用高频CO2激光脉冲写入的长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)的透射谱进行了理论分析,把LPFG的折射率调制类型近似为倒三角波,研究了其谐振波长与占空比的变化关系,发现高阶包层模与低阶包层模具有完全不同的特点,在参数变化时两者的谐振波长向相反的方向移动.通过实际制作周期500 μm的光栅验证了这种差别.     

长周期光纤光栅折射率传感的研究概况

由光栅周期的不同．光纤光栅可分为布喇格光纤光栅（FBG）和长周期光纤光栅（LPG）。FBG的周期约为几百纳米．主要特性是将某一频段的光反射回去．形成以谐振波长为中心的窄带光学滤波器，LPG的周期通常为几十到几百微米，主要特性是将导波中某频段的光耦合到光纤包层中损耗掉，是一种透射型光纤器件。LPG对于温度、应力、外界折射率等参数的变化都有很高的响应灵敏度，研究表明，LPG对于温度的调协范围约为FBG的7倍．而对于外界折射率变化时的谐振峰中心波长移动量也明显高于布喇格光栅。     

腐蚀包层法调谐长周期光纤光栅及增强折射率敏感特性的研究

从理论与实验上研究了腐蚀包层法增强长周期光纤光栅环境折射率敏感特性和调谐透射谱的机制,结果表明,随着光栅区包层半径的减小,各阶包层模谐振波长向长波方向移动,环境折射率敏感特性随之显著增强。在用HF酸溶液腐蚀光栅区包层的实验测试中,先后观察到4个损耗峰,其中第2个损耗峰在包层半径减小约4.11μm、谐振波长向长波方向移动了约117.19 nm时,环境折射率传感特性增强了约3倍,这为制备高精度液体浓度/折射率传感器提供了重要依据。     

长周期光纤光栅模式与耦合系数的研究

从耦合模理论出发,采用三层介质光纤模型,用数值计算的方法分析了长周期光纤光栅纤芯模和包层模的有效折射率,一阶低次包层模的耦合系数随波长以及阶次的变化关系.研究发现,低次包层模的最大耦合系数对应的模次随波长增大而减小,不同光纤参数下耦合系数随波长变化的规律不同.耦合系数直接影响到光栅透射谱损耗峰峰值,这对长周期光栅的设计有一定的参考价值.     

倾斜光纤光栅透射光谱对外界介质折射率的响应规律研究

倾斜光纤光栅因其独特的结构在传感和通信领域应用前景广阔。基于模式耦合理论,仿真研究介质折射率对倾斜光纤光栅透射功率谱的影响及其变化规律。研究结果表明,当介质折射率在1.35至1.4之间变化时,本文设计的倾斜光纤光栅透射功率谱包层谐振峰位置随外界介质折射率的增大而逐渐向长波长方向移动,波长偏移量与外界介质折射率之间呈良好的线性关系,利用这个结论可进行介质折射率的测量。     

基于倾斜布拉格光纤光栅的高灵敏度折射率传感器

制备了不同倾斜角度的倾斜布拉格光纤光栅,用于测量周围环境的折射率.当环境折射率增加时,高阶包层模谐振峰会逐渐消失,即将逐渐消失的高阶包层模谐振峰的波长会随环境折射率的增大而线性增大.测得的折射率灵敏度在500 nm/RIU以上.通过选择适当的倾斜角度,制得的光纤传感器可以满足不同范围的折射率测量.     

长周期光纤光栅谐振波长的研究

用三层模型的标量近似的分析方法，通过对长周期光纤光栅的各阶包层模的有效折射率的数值计算，分析了谐振波长与光栅周期的关系，并总结了谐振渡随环境折射率的变化规律。     

基于CMFBG的波分复用/解复用器件的理论分析

根据耦合模理论，用传输矩阵法计算了啁啾Moire光纤布拉格光栅(CMFBG)的透射谱特性，分析表明其透射谱具有多个通带及好的通道隔离度．通过调整光栅各参数可获得通道间隔满足国际电信联盟标准的CMFBG。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.