3003铝合金铸锭均匀化退火工艺及力学性能

为了节能减排,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、万能力学试验机等手段,研究分析了3003铝合金不同均匀化退火工艺后的组织演变及力学性能变化。结果表明:随均匀化退火温度的升高,对应的最佳工艺时间减少;620℃下退火5 h时的组织与610℃下退火7 h时基本相同,晶界处无偏析第二相粒子且晶内弥散分布第二相粒子;常温及高温瞬时拉伸时,620℃退火5 h的合金拉伸强度、延伸率均高于610℃退火7 h的。该研究通过升高退火温度、减少时间改善了3003合金铸锭均匀化退火工艺,最佳工艺为650℃下保温5 h。     

均匀化退火工艺对双辊铸轧3003Al带坯力学性能的影响

实验研究了不同均匀化退火工艺对双辊铸轧3003Al带坯力学性能的影响,结果表明,随着均匀化退火的温度升高及保温时间增长,3003Al带坯的抗拉强度降低、延伸率升高。在540oC/20h的退火制度下,3003Al带坯力学性能基本呈各向同性,同时其延伸率大于30%,有利于带坯的后续冷轧加工。     

冷轧复合工艺对4004/3003/4004铝合金复合带组织和性能的影响

为得到最优的冷轧复合工艺参数，提高铝合金复合带的性能，并为产业化应用提供理论参考，以4004/3003/4004层状复合铝合金为对象，采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、马弗炉和万能拉伸机等仪器设备，分析冷轧复合工艺对4004/3003/4004铝合金复合带显微组织、抗下垂性能及力学性能的影响。结果表明：冷轧复合技术可以获得更均匀的复合带包覆率，且冷轧第一道次加工率为35%可使芯层和皮层材料牢固结合。冷轧复合带的抗下垂性能随着成品前道次加工率的增加先增加后降低，而随着中间退火温度变化呈相反的变化趋势，当退火温度为420℃时，复合带抗下垂性能最差。当中间退火温度为270-370℃时，冷轧复合带材的力学性能急剧下降，退火温度为370℃时复合带材的力学性能开始稳定，此时抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为120 MPa和58 MPa，伸长率为34%，当退火温度升至420℃时，复合带材的综合力学性能较优。中间退火温度对芯材的显微组织演变具有重要影响，随着中间退火温度的增加，3003芯材的晶粒先后发生再结晶和晶粒长大，芯材的晶粒较大时复合带的抗下垂性能较好，故生产中为了获得良好的抗下垂性能可以适当提高芯材晶粒尺寸。成品前道次加工率为20%-30%，中间退火温度为370℃时，可以获得较理想的复合带材。     

预析出对冷轧3003铝合金析出行为及再结晶晶粒尺寸的影响

通过电阻法、光学显微镜观察、扫描电子显微镜观察以及能谱分析, 研究预析出对冷轧3003铝合金析出行为及再结晶晶粒尺寸的影响. 研究结果表明： 3003铝合金经610 ℃/36 h均匀化接着经480 ℃/10 h预析出处理后, 晶粒内析出大量含Mn的第二相粒子, 降低了固溶体中的Mn含量, 从而降低了合金冷轧后再结晶退火时的析出驱动力, 其析出温度比未经预析出合金的温度提高了约50 ℃. 在最后的再结晶退火过程中, 在再结晶基体上第二次析出的弥散粒子与预析出的粒子共同阻碍了再结晶晶粒的长大, 从而获得了晶粒细小的再结晶组织.     

5383铝合金铸锭偏析行为及均匀化制度的研究

采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,X射线衍射仪（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）,研究了铸态5383铝合金的元素偏析行为及均匀化制度对其微观组织演变的影响.研究结果表明：铸态5383铝合金组织中Mg、Cu和Mn等元素偏析严重,晶界处有大量网状分布的难溶金属间相;均匀化处理后,非平衡共晶相和难溶金属间相发生回溶,晶粒长大并球化,Mg、Cu和Mn等元素偏析程度减小,同时在位错和晶界附近有大量细小析出相;结合试验及均匀化动力学方程计算结果,得到试验合金的最佳均匀化工艺为480~490℃退火24 h,过烧温度为506℃.     

差温轧制工艺对7050铝合金厚板组织与性能的影响

通过调控轧制过程轧件表层与心部温差,实现厚度为76 mm的7050铝合金板的差温轧制。采用金相、硬度、室温拉伸、SEM和EBSD等方法研究差温轧制对厚板不同厚度层组织与性能的影响。研究结果表明:与常规轧制厚板相比,差温轧制厚板通过控制心部与表层的屈服强度,提高厚板变形均匀性,使厚板各厚度层难溶相尺寸均匀。但由于差温轧制人为降低板材温度、增大厚板的变形储能,使厚板再结晶程度提高。总体而言,差温轧制可提高7050铝合金厚板的厚向硬度与拉伸性能的均匀性;厚板各层硬度的不均匀性由10.7%下降到3.0%,厚板各层抗拉强度的不均匀性由9.0%降低到0.7%。     

退火温度对1070A/2024铝合金铸轧复合薄板组织性能影响

以液-固铸轧1070A/2024铝合金复合板材为研究对象,采用扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）、X射线衍射（XRD）、显微硬度、剪切实验等检测分析手段,探究退火温度对液-固铸轧1070A/2024铝合金复合板材界面组织与性能的影响规律和作用机理。结果表明,随着退火温度升高,界面处的合金元素逐步溶入基体中,两材料之间的分界线逐渐模糊直至消失;当退火温度为300℃,铸轧复合板的结合性能最佳,剪切强度达到最大值103.6 MPa。     

均匀化处理对7A52铝合金组织和性能的影响

采用硬度、电导率测量、金相和高温原位X射线衍射分析技术研究不同均匀化处理条件下7A52铝合金组织与性能的变化规律，着重讨论不同均匀化处理条件下合金的物相组成及其演变、基体固溶体固溶度的变化与合金硬度和电导率的关系。研究结果表明：铸态合金由α-Al过饱和固溶体及少量平衡相MgZn2组成；在均匀化处理过程中，铸态合金显微组织结构发生了2个方面的变化：一方面，在300℃以下均匀化，过饱和固溶体分解，析出MgZn2平衡相；在400℃以上均匀化，上述平衡相又逐步回溶到基体固溶体中；另一方面，在400℃以上均匀化，铸态合金枝晶组织和枝晶间粗大的平衡相随均匀化温度的升高而逐步消失，与此同时，铸态合金的硬度先降低然后升高，电导率则先升高然后降低。这种性能的变化与铸态合金的组织结构变化一一对应。7A52合金铸锭适宜的均匀化处理工艺为470℃／24h。     

冷轧复合对铝合金复合箔组织与性能的影响

研究了在冷轧复合法生产汽车散热器用铝合金复合箔的工艺中,冷轧首道次压下率、包覆层厚度及成品前退火制度对复合箔组织与性能的影响.结果表明:皮材A4045和芯材A3003在30%~50%的首道次压下率下可以实现良好的初结合,冷轧工艺生产的复合箔上、下包覆层的厚度基本一致.最后一道次的精轧压下率在25%~35%之间时,复合箔成品的抗下垂性能最佳.复合箔成品前的退火温度应控制在320~400℃,退火温度为400℃时,退火时间以不超过80 min为宜.     

预冷等温球化退火工艺对Cr12型模具钢组织性能的影响

通过对Cr12型模具钢常规球化退火工艺的改进,得到了预冷等温球化退火新工艺。并对不同球化温度、不同退火保温时间对钢组织性能的影响进行了探讨。结果表明:改进的预冷等温球化退火新工艺合理可行,可获得硬度低于200HB、碳化物颗粒均匀细小的球化效果。球化温度和退火保温时间对组织性能均有一定影响。Cr12型模具钢理想的球化退火工艺为:球化温度940℃,保温至透烧,出炉油冷到400℃,进行730℃等温退火处理,冷却速度为<30℃/h至200℃出炉。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.