LnCl/MCl熔盐体系能量不对称性(Ln=稀土元素,M=碱金属元素)

LnCl/MCl熔体中,库仑效应、Van der Waals效应和极化效应起着主导作用,导致溶液热力学性质相对理想溶液呈负偏差,并在xLnCl3≈0.2处,形成最大有序,用扩展的似化学理论模型能较好地描述这一特点.阐述了发展新热力学模型时应考虑到次近邻粒子及诸如空穴等似离子的作用,结合熔体结构研究,探讨熔体粒子间的相互作用机理.     

LnCl/MCl熔盐体系能量不对称性 (Ln=稀土元素，M=碱金属元素)

LnCl/MCl熔体中，库仑效应、Van der Waals效应和极化效应起着主导作用，导致溶液热力学性质相对理想溶液呈负偏差，并在x     

RbCl在混合溶剂中的介质效应

应用一价阳离子选择电极和氯离子选择电极组成及逆电池。通过测定电池的电动势,根据溶液热力学原理,引用扩展的Ｄｅｂｙｅ－Ｈｕｅｃｋｅｌ公式,计算求得了ＲｂＣｌ在（Ｈ２Ｏ￣ＤＭＦ）混合溶剂中的活度系数,一级,二级和总介质效应,并对ＲｂＣｌ的介质效应进行了讨论。     

Co（Ⅱ）Mn（Ⅱ）与PAR显色反应的离子强度效应

用分光光度法测定了在２５℃条件下，以ＮａＣｌＯ４为支持电解质的水溶液中，Ｍｎ（Ⅱ）－ＰＡＲ，Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）－ＰＡＲ显色反应的离子强度效应，考察了当溶液离子强度Ｉ＝０．２１￣２．０２时，显色化合物的摩尔吸光系数的变化，得到Ｉ＝０时热力学摩尔吸光系数。     

NaCl和CHS对滨藜幼苗的渗透胁迫效应

在短时间内，用ＣＨＳ、ＣＨＳ并在根际加压、ＮａＣｌ溶液、ＮａＣｌ溶液并在根际加压处理滨藜幼苗。结果表明ＮａＣｌ与ＣＨＳ对地上部发的渗透胁迫效应可抑制滨藜幼苗的生长，还可减少叶蒸腾率、增加叶细胞质膜透性。     

SiC 粒子增强铝基复合材料界面行为研究

通过热力学和俄歇剖面分析，对用半固态溶液搅拌法制备的ＳｉＣｐ／Ａｌ－Ｃｕ复合材料的界面行为及其对湿润性的影响进行了研究．表明在ＳｉＣｐ／Ａｌ界面上发生了界面反应，界面反应的产物是ＭｇＯ和ＭｇＡｌ２Ｏ４．     

尿素—金属氯化物熔体的电导特性

测定了尿素－ＬｉＣｌ、尿素－ＮａＣｌ、尿素－ＫＣｌ、尿素－ＮｉＣｌ２、尿素－ＮａＣｌ－ＣｕＣｌ２、尿素－ＮａＣｌ－ＮｉＣｌ２熔体的电导率，研究了温度、浓度、碱金属离子大小对电导的影响。在所研究的温度范围内，上述体系的电导率与温度成直线关系。尿素－碱金属氯化物熔体的电导率随阳离子半径增大耐减少，且与阳离子半径平方的倒数成线性关系。     

SiCp 在 Al 基复合材料中分散行为的研究

研究了合金熔体的固相率、搅拌速度、合金元素加入量、粒子预处理和搅拌时间等因素对Ａｌ基复合材料中ＳｉＣ粒子分散行为的影响和ＳｉＣ粒子在Ａｌ合金熔体中的混合过程．实验结果表明，４０％～５０％的熔体固相率最适宜粒子在熔体中混入，由于Ｌｉ极易氧化不利于ＳｉＣ粒子在熔体中的均匀分散．而且随搅拌时间的延长和Ｍｇ量的增多，ＳｉＣ粒子的分散更趋向均匀化．     

盐酸在特丁醇和水混合溶剂中热力学性质的研究HCl－NaCl－tert－C_4H_9OH－H_2O体系（278．15～318．15K）

在恒定溶液总离子强度Ｉ＝１．００ｍｏｌ·ｋｇ－１，改变特丁醇在混合溶剂中的质量百分数ｘ＝５％、１５％和２０％的条件下，测定了无液接电池（Ａ）和电池（Ｂ）的电动势，确定了混合溶剂中的Ａｇ－ＡｇＣｌ电极的标准电极电势，讨论了ＨＣｌ的迁移性质；计算了ＨＣｌ在该体系中的活度系数γＡ，结果表明，对于所讨论的体系，在溶液中总离子强度保持恒定，ＨＣｌ的活度系数服从Ｈａｒｎｅｄ规则．在溶液组成恒定时，ｌｇγＡ是温度倒数１／Ｔ的线性函数，计算了ＨＣｌ一级，二级和总介质效应     

冻结水溶液中Gd~（3＋）离子ESR线宽的温度效应

分别以ＬａＣｌ３、ＮｄＣｌ３水溶液为基质，在１００～２７０Ｋ温度范围内，对冻结水溶液中Ｇｄ３＋离子的ＥＳＲ线宽进行了研究．德拜温度上下，线宽的温度效应不同．两种基质中，Ｇｄ３＋离子的ＥＳＲ线宽的温度效应有较大差异．     

Progress of biodegradable metals

Biodegradable metals(BMs) are metals and alloys expected to corrode gradually in vivo, with an appropriate host response elicited by released corrosion products, then dissolve completely upon fulfilling the mission to assist with tissue healing with no implant residues. In the present review article, three classes of BMs have been systematically reviewed, including Mg-based, Fe-based and Zn-based BMs.Among the three BM systems, Mg-based BMs, which now have several systems reported the successful of clinical trial results, are considered the vanguards and main force. Fe-based BMs, with pure iron and Fe–Mn based alloys as the most promising, are still on the animal test stage. Zn-based BMs, supposed to have the degradation rate between the fast Mg-based BMs and the slow Fe-based BMs, are a rising star with only several reports and need much further research. The future research and development direction for the BMs are proposed, based on the clinical requirements on controllable degradation rate, prolonged mechanical stability and excellent biocompatibility, by optimization of alloy composition design, regulation on microstructure and mechanical properties, and following surface modification.     

金属熔体扩散的研究进展

金属熔体的扩散既是熔体设计材料过程的重要参量,也是凝聚态物理领域研究物质输运性质的重要内容.然而由于实验测量上的困难,其相关研究进展不是很显著.在国内,熔体扩散的实验研究几乎是空白,理论研究也很少.本文结合最新的基于X-射线成像的原位测量技术及中子散射技术来系统介绍目前金属熔体扩散的测量手段,并归纳和总结了地面和空间环境下的扩散实验测量结果;同时对扩散机制的理论模型也作了简单的介绍;最后展望了熔体扩散研究的前景以及在我国开展熔体扩散研究的必要性.     

Plasmon hybridization for real metals

We present three important extensions of the plasmon hybridization (PH) method: a generalization of the method to include realistic non-Drude dielectric permittivities for metals, the development of an algorithm for the calculation of plasmon-induced electric field enhancements, and the extension of the PH method to the modeling of plasmonic Fano resonances. We illustrate these developments with an application to a silver nanosphere dimer and a symmetric silver nanosphere heptamer.     

关于ηk^jAu^j=ηk^jf方程的进一步探讨

在ηk^jAu^j=ηk^jf方程的进一步探讨中，将尺度函数ψ^j（x）用乘积空间中勒让德正交多项式展开，克服了理论研究中ψ^j(x）不能写出具体解件表达式的困难，并且证明了解方程QjAu^j=Qjf等价于解方程ηk^jAu^j=ηk^jf。     

金属表面膜对金属红外激光加热吸收的影响的研究

从金属的热传导特性,导出金属受CO_2红外激光辐照时,金属的温度与吸收率的关系。给出用微处理机控制自动曝光和采样,测量几种国产金属材料具有不同表面膜时的吸收率,以研究表面膜对加热吸收的影响。     

液态金属粘滞性的研究进展

粘滞性是液态金属的重要物性之一,研究液态金属粘滞性不仅对揭示粘滞性的物理机制具有理论意义,而且对材料制备具有重要的实际意义.目前国内外许多学者致力于这一研究领域并已取得了一定进展.列举了测量液态金属粘度的实验方法,讨论了影响粘度测量准确性的几个因素,阐述了粘度与液态金属结构及其它几种物性的关系,并介绍了计算机模拟技术中的蒙特卡罗(MonteCarlo)方法和分子动力学(MolecularDynamics)方法在研究液态金属粘滞性方面的应用.     

Inorganic yellow-red pigments without toxic metals

Inorganic pigments have been utilized by mankind since ancient times, and are still widely used to colour materials exposed to elevated temperatures during processing or application. Indeed, in the case of glasses, glazes and ceramics, there is no alternative to inorganic pigments for colouring. However, most inorganic pigments contain heavy metals or transition metals that can adversely effect the environment and human health if critical levels are exceeded. Cadmium-based pigments in particular are a cause of concern: although the pigments are not toxic due to their very low solubility in water and dilute mineral acids, cadmium itself is toxic and can enter the environment in a bioavailable form through waste-disposal sites and incineration plants. This has led to regulations, based on the precautionary principle, that strongly restrict the use of cadmium pigments. And even though recent assessments have concluded that the risk to humans or the environment might be not as significant as originally feared, a strong demand for inherently safer substitutes remains. Here we demonstrate that solid solutions of the perovskites CaTaO2N and LaTaON2 constitute promising candidates for such substitutes: their brilliance, tinting strength, opacity, dispersability, light-fastness and heat stability rival that of the cadmium pigments, while their colour can be tuned through the desired range, from yellow through orange to deep red, by simple composition adjustments. Because all the constituent elements are harmless, this perovskite-based inorganic pigment system seems a promising replacement that could eliminate one of the sources for cadmium emissions to the environment and some of the remaining concerns about pigment safety.