蛋白亚基局部相互作用模拟构筑二十面体病毒衣壳

二十面体病毒衣壳结构蛋白具有不同的构象。装配过程中,正在附着的蛋白亚基构象与位置在先前蛋白亚基构象的指令下,发生相应的调整后装配到衣壳骨架上。局部相互作用指导下的装配反复进行,最终形成规整的二十面体病毒衣壳的立体结构。对T=1、3、4、7的病毒衣壳,分别建立了蛋白亚基构象局部相互作用的连接方式与增长方式,并构筑了T=4、7的立体模型。     

虎纹蛙病毒的形态结构及其致病性研究

在透射电镜下观察了病毒感染细胞超薄切片中的病毒 ,发现细胞内病毒为二十面体对称结构 ,由衣壳、核心体和其间的非电子致密层构成 ,大小分别为 (12 5± 7)nm (N =2 5 ) (角对角 )、 (84± 7)nm (N =17)和13nm ,在感染细胞质中形成病毒发生基质 ,成熟病毒粒子在胞质中可积聚呈晶格状排列 ;病毒自细胞出芽释放时获得源于细胞的囊膜。回归感染证实虎纹蛙病毒的致病性 ,该病毒对虎纹蛙幼体和幼蛙敏感 ,浸泡和肌注感染死亡率为 10 0 % ;病毒可感染成蛙 ,但并不致死 ;肝脏和肾脏是病毒的感染器官 ;培养细胞内和释放进入培养液中的病毒粒子对虎纹蛙均具有感染性 ,说明虎纹蛙病毒的囊膜不是感染所必需的 ,缺乏囊膜的核衣壳也具有感染性。     

二十面体准点阵的切割投影法构造

用切割投影法研究了二十面体准点阵结构，根据投影操作矩阵导出了二十面体准点阵的整数坐标，在此基础上计算了它的三维阵点坐标，并构建出了二十面体准点阵结构的几何模型，由经典的对称理论，不同取向的对称轴间存在着组合规律，在两个以上方向具有非晶体学对称轴的点群只可能是二十面体型的235或532／m，由此构建的二十面体准点阵结构模型有六个5次轴，十个3次轴和十五个2次轴，具有同正二十面体一样的点对称群 532m。     

二十面体准点阵的切割投影法构造

用切割投影法研究了二十面体准点阵结构.根据投影操作矩阵导出了二十面体准点阵的整数坐标,在此基础上计算出了它的三维阵点坐标,并构造出了二十面体准点阵结构的几何模型.由经典的对称理论,不同取向的对称轴间存在着组合规律,在两个以上方向具有非晶体学对称轴的点群只可能是二十面体型的235或532/m.由此构建的二十面体准点阵结构模型有六个5次轴,十个3次轴和十五个2次轴,具有同正二十面体一样的点对称群532/m.     

雄性特异性噬菌体

雄性特异性噬菌体可分为DNA型和RNA型两大类。DNA型噬菌体粒体为细长丝状,衣壳由管状疏水蛋白质和导向蛋白质构成。疏水蛋白属于α—螺旋结构。病毒衣壳包被着一个共价闭合的单股环状DNA分子,分子量约为1.5——2×10~6道尔顿。所有RNA噬菌体都是雄性特异性的,病毒粒体为正二十面体。RNA噬菌体只含三个基因,只能编码三个可识别的蛋白质。它们的基因组及其三种蛋白质的一级结构都已测定清楚。RNA基因组作为模板,既能控制复制,又可起mRNA的作用,以指导翻译,在发育过程中呈现出特有的独特性。     

茶毛虫(Euproctis pseudoconspersa)核型多角体病毒形态发生的超微结构研究

本文用电子显微镜技术,观察了茶毛虫核型多角体病毒(NPV)在宿主细胞内的发生过程.病毒核衣壳进入敏感组织之后,首先见于核膨大,核内出现病毒发生基质,随后在病毒发生基质内或周围出现核衣壳.在核衣壳形成之后,从周围已形成的线状物质中获得套膜,然后具套膜的病毒粒子上出现蛋白质堆积并联合产生发育中多角体.随着病毒粒子不断嵌入,发育中多角体逐断成熟,成熟多角体中的病毒粒子多数以两个成束,部分是单粒包埋,并随机分散在多角体中.     

我国一株鹦鹉新病毒的理化性质及鉴定

从湖北省云梦县患病鹦鹉体内分离得到一株新病毒,病毒经细胞培养后采用Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ－２Ｂ柱层析纯化,在电子显微镜下,该病毒粒子无囊膜,直径为４５￣５０ｎｍ,呈二十面体对称球形颗粒。回归试验证明此病毒是引发澳州长尾小鹦鹉幼雏病的病原。此病毒对热,冻融和有机溶剂均具有稳定性,与澳州长尾小鹦鹉幼雏病病毒的Ｍ７株阳性血清反应,证明它与Ｍ７株具有抗原相关性。     

过冷液态Mg70Zn30合金微观结构的分子动力…

采用广义非定域模型赝势及分子动力学模拟技术研究了过冷液态Ｍｇ７０Ｚｎ３０合金的局域微观结构。计算了Ｍｇ７０Ｚｎ３０合金的偏结构因子、原子集团的键取向序和长程关联函数。研究结果表明，过冷液态Ｍｇ７０Ｚｎ３０合金表现出较强的局域二十面体对称，随着过冷度的增大，二十面体对称增强。此外，还发现过冷液态Ｍｇ７０Ｚｎ３０合金具有一定程度的化学短程序。     

子群量子化和位置投影算子方法及其对富勒烯的应用

对于哈密顿的对称群的量子化子群,可以定义一个位置投影算子,来从具有该子群对称性的轨道产生完全的对称性匹配轨道。基于位置投影算子,提出了一个系统的方法,用来按照分子的最大对称群,彻底地分解π电子共轭体系的哈密顿。这种方法已经用于系统地研究具有二十面体群、四面体群和二面体群对称性的各富勒烯同系列,并且得到规律性的结果。     

一种蛙病毒的纯化和酶切分析

从患病虎纹蛙（Rana tigrina rugulosa)蝌蚪中分离得到一种蛙病毒,感染鱼的FHM、CO、EPC细胞,获得大量的病毒原料,分离纯化得到高纯度的病毒粒子,电镜下可见病毒粒子为二十面体,具囊膜,直径平均为125nm。抽提病毒核酸,对其基因组DNA进行酶切分析,病毒基因组为双链DNA分子,表现脊椎动物虹彩病毒基因组的特点即其胞嘧啶5′端高度甲基化。以限制性内切酶XbaⅠ、BanHⅠ、HindⅢ、KpnⅠ和PstⅠ酶切病毒基因组DNA,经电泳分离后,分别得到13、25、6、14、22条清晰的酶切片段,并根据酶切片段算得基因组的大小超过100kb。用PCR方法,得到这个病毒的主衣壳蛋白（MCP）基因保守序列,与FV3相比,同源性达98％。     

Structure of epsilon15 bacteriophage reveals genome organization and DNA packaging/injection apparatus

The critical viral components for packaging DNA, recognizing and binding to host cells, and injecting the condensed DNA into the host are organized at a single vertex of many icosahedral viruses. These component structures do not share icosahedral symmetry and cannot be resolved using a conventional icosahedral averaging method. Here we report the structure of the entire infectious Salmonella bacteriophage epsilon15 (ref. 1) determined from single-particle cryo-electron microscopy, without icosahedral averaging. This structure displays not only the icosahedral shell of 60 hexamers and 11 pentamers, but also the non-icosahedral components at one pentameric vertex. The densities at this vertex can be identified as the 12-subunit portal complex sandwiched between an internal cylindrical core and an external tail hub connecting to six projecting trimeric tailspikes. The viral genome is packed as coaxial coils in at least three outer layers with approximately 90 terminal nucleotides extending through the protein core and the portal complex and poised for injection. The shell protein from icosahedral reconstruction at higher resolution exhibits a similar fold to that of other double-stranded DNA viruses including herpesvirus, suggesting a common ancestor among these diverse viruses. The image reconstruction approach should be applicable to studying other biological nanomachines with components of mixed symmetries.     

Experimental measurement of the photonic properties of icosahedral quasicrystals

Quasicrystalline structures may have optical bandgap properties-frequency ranges in which the propagation of light is forbidden-that make them well-suited to the scientific and technological applications for which photonic crystals are normally considered. Such quasicrystals can be constructed from two or more types of dielectric material arranged in a quasiperiodic pattern whose rotational symmetry is forbidden for periodic crystals (such as five-fold symmetry in the plane and icosahedral symmetry in three dimensions). Because quasicrystals have higher point group symmetry than ordinary crystals, their gap centre frequencies are closer and the gaps widths are more uniform-optimal conditions for forming a complete bandgap that is more closely spherically symmetric. Although previous studies have focused on one-dimensional and two-dimensional quasicrystals, where exact (one-dimensional) or approximate (two-dimensional) band structures can be calculated numerically, analogous calculations for the three-dimensional case are computationally challenging and have not yet been performed. Here we circumvent the computational problem by doing an experiment. Using stereolithography, we construct a photonic quasicrystal with centimetre-scale cells and perform microwave transmission measurements. We show that three-dimensional icosahedral quasicrystals exhibit sizeable stop gaps and, despite their quasiperiodicity, yield uncomplicated spectra that allow us to experimentally determine the faces of their effective Brillouin zones. Our studies confirm that they are excellent candidates for photonic bandgap materials.     

Observation of five-fold local symmetry in liquid lead

The local point symmetry of the short-range order in simple monatomic liquids remains a fundamental open question in condensed-matter science. For more than 40 years it has been conjectured that liquids with centrosymmetric interactions may be composed of icosahedral building blocks. But these proposed mobile, randomly orientated structures have remained experimentally inaccessible owing to the unavoidable averaging involved in scattering experiments, which can therefore determine only the isotropic radial distribution function. Here we overcome this limitation by capturing liquid fragments at a solid-liquid interface, and observing the scattering of totally internally reflected (evanescent) X-rays, which are sensitive only to the liquid structure at the interface. Using this method, we observe five-fold local symmetry in liquid lead adjacent to a silicon wall, and obtain an experimental portrait of the icosahedral fragments that are predicted to occur in all close-packed monatomic liquids. By shedding new light on local bond order in disordered structures such as liquids and glasses, these results should lead to a better microscopic understanding of melting, freezing and supercooling.     

Pt-Ni合金团簇的结构与磁性的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算程序包VASP(Vienna ab-initio Simulation Package)对Pt13,Ni13及Pt-Ni合金二十面体团簇进行了计算机模拟研究.研究表明,Pt13和Ni13团簇显现出完美的Ih(正二十面体)对称性,Pt13团簇的磁矩为2.13μB,Ni13团簇的平均原子磁矩也比其体块的原子磁矩有所增大.对Pt-Ni合金团簇,Pt原子倾向于偏析到团簇表面,团簇的平均最近邻键长随着Ni原子数目的增多而单调减小,总磁矩可通过Ni含量的变化而进行调制.     

Al_(12)Pb团簇几何构形对其稳定性的影响

基于第一性原理,在密度泛函理论框架下,用局域密度近似(LDA)和广义梯度近似(GGA)研究20面体Al12Pb团簇的几何构形和稳定性,计算了束缚能(BE)、电子亲合能、原子间平衡间距、最高占据轨道(HOMO)与最低未占据轨道(LUMO)间的能隙和最高占据轨道(HOMO)电子构型.此外,还计算了团簇的原子相互作用能.结果表明:具有C5v对称性团簇Al12Pb的束缚能比具有Ih对称性团簇Al12Pb的束缚能更低,稳定性更好;计算数据与实验结果相符合.     

（Ga）12N,（Ga）12B荷电团簇的电子结构与磁性

基于第一性原理,在密度泛函理论框架下,用广义梯度近似（GGA）研究20面体（Ga）12B,（Ga）12N荷电团簇的电子结构与磁性,系统计算了束缚能BE、中心原子到表面原子的间距、最高占据轨道（HOMO）、最低未占据轨道（LUMO）及其能隙,分析了（Ga）12B,（Ga）12N荷电团簇表面到中心原子间距、束缚能和HOMO与LUMO间的能隙随掺杂原子掺杂位置、带电情况不同的变化.研究表明,具有Ih对称性结构的荷电团簇更稳定,统除Ih对称性结构（Ga）12B1＋荷电团簇有磁性外,其它均无磁性.     

（Ga）12N,（Ga）12B荷电团簇的电子结构与磁性

基于第一性原理,在密度泛函理论框架下,用广义梯度近似（GGA）研究20面体（Ga）12B,（Ga）12N荷电团簇的电子结构与磁性,系统计算了束缚能BE、中心原子到表面原子的间距、最高占据轨道（HOMO）、最低未占据轨道（LUMO）及其能隙,分析了（Ga）12B,（Ga）12N荷电团簇表面到中心原子间距、束缚能和HOMO...     

鳜暴发流行病病毒性病原研究

患病鳜肾脏、脾脏、肝脏、心脏、鳃中发现二十面体病毒粒子,肾脏和脾脏是其感染主要器官．成熟病毒粒子直径１５０ｎｍ,核心球状,直径１０５ｎｍ．受感染细胞肿大,直径为正常细胞３～４倍,细胞核萎缩,为正常细胞核直径１／３．病毒粒子部分纯化后,经腹腔人工感染,第７天开始死亡,１０ｄ内死亡率为１００％,表现与池塘养殖状态相同症状,并在人工感染鳜肾和脾中电镜观察发现大量相同病毒粒子,命名为传染性脾肾坏死病毒（ｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｕｓｓｐｌｅｅｎａｎｄｋｉｄｎｅｙｎｅｃｒｏｓｉｓｖｉｒｕｓ,ＩＳＫＮＶ）．     

Structural stability of C<Subscript>60</Subscript> films under the bombardment of 1.95 GeV Kr ions

The structural stability of C₆₀ films under the bombardment of 1.95 GeV Kr ions is investigated. The irradiated C₆₀ films were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman scattering technique. The analytical results indicate that the irradiation induced a decrease of icosahedral symmetry of C₆₀ molecule and damage of C₆₀ films; different vibration modes of C₆₀ molecule have different irradiation sensitivities; the mean efficient damage radius obtained from experimental data is about 1.47 nm, which is in good agreement with thermal spike model prediction.