碳纤维复合材料/钢的胶铆连接失效机理和选材方法

为了揭示碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)与钢板连接设计中，母材厚度和强度对接头失效的影响规律，对CFRP层合板与DC05、HC260Y、DP590、DP780、DP1180、PHS1500钢板组成的胶接、铆接和胶铆混合接头进行单向和正向拉伸试验，分析各接头连接强度和失效模式，提出CFRP/钢接头母材厚度比和强度比的推荐范围.结果表明：CFRP/钢接头失效模式由较弱一侧母材强度和刚度决定，在连接设计中，应尽可能使两母材的强度和刚度相近；CFRP零件与相邻钢件厚度比的推荐范围为1.37～1.91,母材极限承载比的推荐范围为0.9～1.52.     

复合材料构件机械连接接头破坏模式与机理

针对纵横向性能差异较大的纤维增强复合材料构件采用机械连接时,材料的弱方向也可能承受较大拉力作用的现实,设计了6组对比试验,研究了单螺栓连接时接头边距/孔径比的变化对其破坏模式与破坏荷载的影响规律并结合有限元对破坏机理进行了分析。结果表明:材料弱方向受拉的复合材料机械连接接头极容易发生孔边拉断破坏;增大边距/孔径比并不能控制接头不发生孔边拉断破坏,并且接头破坏荷载随边距/孔径比的增大逐渐趋于稳定。复合材料的弹脆性力学特点、孔边应力集中以及孔边应力分布随边距/孔径比的增大趋于稳定是以上试验现象发生的本质原因。     

不锈钢螺栓连接节点抗剪性能试验

目的研究端距、边距及板厚等因素对不锈钢螺栓连接节点抗剪承载力的影响,为后续提出不锈钢螺栓连接承载力设计方法提供试验依据.方法设计10个不锈钢螺栓盖板连接节点试件进行拉伸试验,考虑端距、边距、螺栓中距和板厚等参数,通过粘贴的应变片数值变化快慢及总应变大小来判断螺栓连接节点的破坏模式.结果在其他因素不变情况下,端距小于2 d时易发生冲切破坏,边距小于1.5 d时易发生净截面破坏,螺栓中距小于3 d时两螺栓之间板件易发生冲切破坏或承压破坏;且当板厚小于4 mm时,盖板平面外易发生翘曲.结论满足螺栓中距应不小于3 d、端距不小于2 d和边距不小于1.5 d的构造才是经济安全的;建议板厚大于4 mm为厚板,小于4 mm为薄板,薄板易发生翘曲,且端距越大越容易发生;当发生翘曲时,翘曲部位受力由受压变为受拉,会导致连接节点承压强度发生折减.     

CFRP/Al四钉铆接接头性能研究

碳纤维复合材料（CFRP）作为一种新型轻质材料,与金属的连接问题备受关注.本文设计了CFRP/Al四钉铆接接头试样结构,通过试验与仿真对比,观察单搭接接头和T型连接接头的失效形式、位移-载荷曲线,验证接头三维累计损伤有限元模型的有效性.通过仿真比较不同接头尺寸对四钉接头力学性能的影响.结果表明,在一定范围内,铆钉直径越大,剥离强度越大,铆钉直径为5 mm时,剪切强度最大;铆钉排距为25 mm时,剪切强度最高,剥离强度会随着排距的增加而增大;铆钉列距越大,剥离强度越大,当列距为15 mm时,剪切强度达到最大值.因此,铆接方式能够有效解决CFRP和铝合金的连接问题,并且选择合适的接头尺寸可以提升接头的力学性能.     

深埋排水盾构隧道接头铸铁件力学性能试验

为研究适用于深埋排水盾构隧道的高刚性管片接头铸铁件,对2种型式的高刚性盾构管片接头开展了正弯矩试验,分析了不同型式铸铁件的力学性能及高刚性接头的破坏模式.研究表明,高刚性接头在正弯矩承载时的破坏模式与大偏压受力截面类似,首先螺栓或铸铁件屈服,随后受压区混凝土压碎、接头破坏.若接头铸铁件刚度充足,接头破坏时铸铁件无变形、螺栓屈服,接头承载力较高,且铸铁件锚筋全部受拉,锚筋的锚固作用得以充分发挥;若接头铸铁件刚度不足,接头破坏时铸铁件变形5mm、螺栓未屈服,接头承载力较低,且铸铁件锚筋部分受拉、部分受压,锚筋的锚固作用未能充分发挥.     

宽度孔径比对复合材料机械连接试验的影响研究

采用不同宽度孔径比(W/Z)=3、4、5)的复合材料两钉机械连接试件进行单剪拉伸和压缩试验。虽然都属于50%挤压/旁路响应试验且孔径相同,但不同宽度导致复合材料层合板和螺栓承载能力之间配比发生变化,进而对应的破坏模式、试验结果表现出很大的不同。经过试验观察、计算分析发现:当W/D=3时,复合材料层合板在螺栓处断开,这是由于复合材料层合板相比螺栓承载能力弱因而发生了旁路破坏;当W/D=4、5时,螺栓、复合材料层合板挤压较为明显,伴随着复合材料层合板分层,这是由于复合材料层合板相比螺栓承载能力强因而发生了挤压破坏。     

重组竹-钢填板螺栓节点承载力试验研究

通过不同侧材厚度、不同螺栓端距的重组竹-钢填板螺栓节点受拉试验,研究单向顺纹受拉时节点的受力性能、破坏模式及破坏机制,分析螺栓端距、侧材厚度等参数变化对节点力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着侧材厚度的增大,节点破坏模式由单纯的销槽承压破坏演变为同时发生螺栓受弯屈服和销槽承压破坏,节点承载力、延性系数均随之增大;节点承载力亦随螺栓端距加大而增大,但螺栓端距达到7d(d为螺栓直径)时,增加端距对节点承载力影响可忽略。将试验结果与《木结构设计规范》、《木结构设计手册》和美国木结构规范ANSI/AFPA NDS—2012承载力计算结果对比得知:《木结构设计手册》推荐的计算公式可以用于重组竹-钢填板螺栓连接承载力计算;其余两规范推荐的计算公式偏于保守,计算误差可达200%以上。     

CFRP-钢管-CFRP复合钢管约束海砂混凝土短柱轴压试验

以钢管壁厚、钢管屈服强度、碳纤维增强聚合物(carbon fiber reinforced polymer, CFRP)层数和位置、混凝土强度等为研究参数,进行19根CFRP-钢管-CFRP复合钢管约束海砂混凝土短柱的轴压试验,分析试件破坏模式、荷载-应变曲线、结构承载力等,并讨论现有算法对承载力计算的适用性.研究结果表明：内外壁CFRP与钢管的组合对核心混凝土有良好的复合约束作用,可大幅提高结构承载力;钢管内外壁张贴CFRP后,其结构破坏模式由剪切破坏变为腰鼓破坏;钢管最先开始屈服,CFRP层数决定纤维布的断裂宽度和分布;荷载-应变曲线在强化阶段呈明显线性上升特性,二次刚度由CFRP层数决定;与外壁张贴CFRP试件相比,内壁张贴CFRP试件的结构承载力更大.     

间隙对单搭接胶接接头强度和应力的影响

研究了搭接长度为12．5mm的单搭接接头搭接区域预留间隙对搭接强度和应力的影响。结果表明，间隙的位置对搭接强度有较大的影响，与连续胶层相比，胶层中部一定宽度的间隙虽然使名义强度降低，但对于提高单搭接接头的实际强度有明显的作用，剪切强度最大值可比连续胶层接头增大约60％，而胶层端部预留间隙却使名义强度和实际强度均显著降低，对两种接头进行了有限元的数值分析，指出最大应力仍然处于胶瘤端部附近，间隙位置对应力的峰值有较大的影响。     

栓接装配式钢-混凝土组合梁及其抗剪键的力学性能研究

为了探究摩擦型高强度螺栓在装配式钢-混凝土组合梁中的适用性,采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了推出试件和简支梁试件的有限元模型。在试验结果验证模拟可靠性的基础上,研究了螺栓预拉力、螺栓孔径、混凝土强度和螺栓强度等因素对单个抗剪键及整体组合梁的影响。分析结果表明：抗剪键的受力过程分为摩擦、滑移、承压和破坏四个阶段;螺栓预拉力、混凝土强度的增大有利于提高摩擦型高强度螺栓的极限承载力和承压抗剪刚度,较大的混凝土孔隙显著降低了螺栓抗剪刚度;提高螺栓预紧力或提高混凝土强度均可增强钢与混凝土部件的组合作用,相反,在抗剪连接程度不变的情况下,提高螺栓等级导致界面刚度分布不均,不利于滑移控制。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to