ZrO_2/Al_2O_3复合载体镍基催化剂CO甲烷化反应本征动力学

采用固定床反应器,研究了复合载体镍基催化剂上的CO甲烷化反应。在温度为250~440℃,压力为0.1~2.5 MPa,原料气配比(nH2/nCO)为1.0~4.5的情况下,考察了操作条件对复合载体镍基催化剂甲烷化反应的影响。实验结果表明:CO转化率、CH4的选择性均随着反应温度、反应压力的升高而增加;当反应温度达到340℃时,CO转化率最高;当nH2/nCO=3.0时,具有较高的CO转化率和CH4的选择性。通过正交法设计实验,测定了甲烷化反应动力学数据。以双曲型动力学方程建立了以各组分逸度表示的CH4和CO2反应动力学模型,并用最大继承法对参数进行估值,获得动力学参数。残差分析及统计检验表明动力学模型是适宜的。     

有序堆积填充床传热传质与反应耦合的数值研究

采用CFD方法研究填充床反应器内CO2/CH4重整反应的热质传递与反应特性。首先考察3种不同N(N=dtube/dball)下填充床模型在无反应时的流动与传热特性,然后在耦合CO2/CH4重整反应后,比较有无耦合反应情况下的温度分布及N对反应转化率的影响。研究结果表明,本文模型与经验公式吻合较好,表明模型合理。无反应时,不同N对CO2/CH4重整反应的流动与传热特性有较大影响,管内传热速率及阻力系数随着N的增加而增加,管内阻力特性主要受填充床催化剂的形体阻力支配,当N=2时,填充床在研究的大多数雷诺数范围内具有最好的传热综合性能。耦合反应时,N对CO2/CH4重整反应的转化率也有较大影响,N=2.16时,甲烷转化率最大。N=1.67时,CO2/CH4在催化剂表面的反应转化率沿轴向随着温度的升高而增加。     

熔铁催化剂对费托合成反应的催化特性研究

通过对某工业熔铁催化剂的分析,发现该催化剂的物相主要为Wusite-FeO和C-Carbon。考察了该催化剂在固定床积分反应器中费托合成反应。研究了不同温度,H2/CO进料摩尔比和空间速度下该催化剂的催化特性。发现当压力2．5Mpa,空速1600h^-1,H2／CO进料摩尔比为3／2,温度260～300℃时,随温度的升高,CO、H2的转化率和CH4的选择性增大,而CO2选择性减小;温度290℃,压力2．5Mpa,空速1600h^-1,H2／CO进料摩尔比在0．5～1．5时,随H2／CO进料比增加,CO转化率,H2／CO摩尔利用比和CH4选择性都增加,但H2转化率和CO2选择性减小;空速对该熔铁催化剂的催化特性的影响不显著。     

铈锆改性镍基催化剂制备及其甲烷三重整性能

文章采用共沉淀法制得铈、锆掺杂氧化铝载体,以浸渍法负载活性组分镍得到Ni/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂,改善了CH4三重整反应的活性和稳定性。用EDS、XRD、BET、H2-TPR分别表征催化剂的组成、物相、比表面积和还原活性。考察了原料气组成n(CH4)∶n(CO2)∶n(H2O)∶n(O2)=1∶0.5∶0.5∶0.1时,催化剂在750℃、0.1MPa下对CH4三重整的稳定性及积碳性能。结果表明:ZrO2掺杂提高了催化剂的活性和稳定性;CeO2掺杂降低了Ni基催化剂的还原活化温度,且催化剂的稳定性更好;Al/Zr、Ce/Al的原子比分别为8和0.015的10%Ni/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3对CH4三重整的性能最好;反应100h后,催化剂的CH4转化率仍然大于87%,CO2转化率大于89%,积碳量仅为3.8%,催化剂的使用寿命大为延长。     

制备方法对NiO/γ-Al2O3催化剂重整活性的影响

利用固定床流动反应装置,研究了NiO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的制备方法对CH4与CO2转化制合成气催化活性的影响.在本实验条件下,采用浸渍法和焙烧温度为400℃制备的NiO/γ-Al2O3(w=0.113)催化剂,在反应温度为750C和空速为2500h-1下,对CH4和CO2重整反应会显示良好的催化活性.本文还对催化剂抗积炭性能作初步讨论.     

制备方法对NiO/γ-Al2O3催化剂重整活性的影响

利用固定床流动反应装置,研究了NiO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的制备方法对CH4与CO2转化制合成气催化活性的影响.在本实验条件下,采用浸渍法和焙烧温度为400℃制备的NiO/γ-Al2O3(w=0.113)催化剂,在反应温度为750C和空速为2500h-1下,对CH4和CO2重整反应会显示良好的催化活性.本文还对催化剂抗积炭性能作初步讨论.     

硫化氢替代硫磺生产二硫化碳的热力学分析

为了扩大CS2的生产方法,提出用H2S替代硫磺生产CS2的设想.计算了反应的热力学和最低的反应温度,说明了反应的可行性.基于Gibbs自由能最小原理,利用Aspen Plus分析了CH4流量、H2S流量、反应压力和温度的变化对反应结果的影响.结果表明,在H2S与CH4的摩尔流量比为2∶1时,转化率随着温度的升高而增加,压力的升高而减小.温度为1 000℃,压力为101.325 k Pa时,CH4的转化率为58.6%.当CH4与H2S的摩尔流量比为5∶1时,H2S的转化率为90%.     

甲烷二氧化碳重整中钴基催化剂催化性能影响因素的研究

采用常压固定床反应器,考察了负载型Co基系列催化剂的焙烧温度、钴含量以及还原温度对甲烷二氧化碳重整过程的影响;筛选出适宜的工艺条件。结果表明,7%Co/BaTiO3催化剂在反应温度为700℃,压力为0.1 MPa,nCO2∶nCH4为1∶1,气相空速GHSV为12 000 h-1的条件下表现出相对良好的催化活性,可得到87.68%的CH4转化率、75.37%的CO选择性和68.31%的H2收率。     

掺杂氧化物对Ni-ZrO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂的性能影响

用水热合成法分别制备Ni-ZrO2-Al2O3和Ni-MxOy-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂,并用XRD、H2-TPR、H2-TPD和CO2-TPD方法对对催化剂的晶相结构、活性中心、表面酸碱性等进行表征,同时以CO2重整CH4反应为探针考察催化剂的活性及稳定性。结果表明,在Ni-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂中掺杂不同的金属氧化物MxOy能改变催化剂的晶相结构,对催化剂表面活性和碱性中心有一定程度的调控作用。掺杂BaO、CeO2和K2O后的催化剂反应的初活性明显增加,在850℃时,使CH4的转化率分别达到92.31%、90.29%和90.06%,CO2的转化率分别达到94.37%、93.94%和93.22%。800℃条件下反应100h后,Ni-BaO-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂上的CH4转化率基本上维持在85%。     

多端口进料微型管式重整制氢反应器性能研究

针对传统管式重整反应器甲烷转化率低的问题,设计了一种具有多端口进料结构的微型管式重整制氢反应器,并采用COMSOL多物理场模拟软件对该反应器的重整性能进行了计算研究,分析了反应温度、汽碳比等工作参数对其性能的影响规律。计算结果表明:当反应温度在773~973K范围内变化时,甲烷转化率以及产物中H2、CO的摩尔分数会随反应温度升高而增大;当汽碳比在2~4范围内变化时,甲烷转化率随汽碳比增大而增大,而产物中H2、CO的摩尔分数则随着汽碳比的增大而减小;沿气体流动方向,甲烷转化率和产物中H2、CO的摩尔分数受进料多端口特征的影响呈锯齿状波动变化,并呈总体上升趋势,在反应器出口处达到最大值。将多端口进料结构反应器与传统管式反应器进行比较研究,发现所提出的新结构反应器分别在600~1 100K的反应温度区间以及2~5汽碳比区间内其甲烷转化率都高于传统管式反应器;在873~973K区间内甲烷转化率可达93%左右;当汽碳比增大到4后,继续增大汽碳比对甲烷转化率的提高已无明显作用,建议合理的汽碳比区间为3~4。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.