半间歇式沸腾床反应器中液相循环速度的测定

采用内径286 mm、高7.2 m的气-液-固三相沸腾床反应器进行了液相间歇、气相连续的操作研究，以水、空气、Al₂O₃球形颗粒构成三相体系，在固含率(体积分数)12%～30%和表观气速0.086～0.216 m/s下对宏观液相循环速度进行了测定。采用示踪剂法测定反应器进出口的多组示踪剂浓度曲线，使用MATLAB软件对液相轴向扩散系数进行求解，再代入爱因斯坦扩散系数定义式得到液相循环速度。实验结果表明，随着表观气速增大，液相循环速度相应增大；在固含率低于30%时，随着固含率增加，液相循环速度相应增加；但随着固含率进一步增大，液相循环速度的增幅越来越小。     

固液搅拌槽内近壁区液相速度研究

在直径476mm的固液搅拌槽内,采用自行研制的双电导电极探头对搅拌槽内距壁0.4mm的近壁区液相速度进行了测定。平均固相体积分数φ_v从10%至54%。实验结果表明：固体颗粒离底悬浮最小液相速度与固液的物理性质有关,而与实验的操作条件无关;液相速度和搅拌转速在近壁上流区成正比关系,而在槽底区不成正比关系;临界均匀悬浮时,近壁上流区液相速度不随固相体积分数变化;悬浮高度处液相速度和操作条件无关等。     

黄河表层沉积物和镉离子相互作用的离子交换率E(%)-pH曲线的研究

研究了黄河水中表层沉积物与镉液 -固界面相互作用的离子交换率E(% ) -pH曲线 ,以及河水中甘氨酸的存在对该曲线的影响 .实验结果表明 :1)镉是以Cd(OH) 形式在沉积物表面进行阳离子交换反应 .pH值是控制Cd 向固相迁移的主要因素 ,离子交换率E(% )随pH升高而增大 ,且在天然河水 pH为 8.0～ 8.5下接近最大值 ;2 )镉离子浓度由8.9× 10 - 7mol·L- 1 增大到 3× 8.9× 10 - 6mol·L- 1 时 ,离子交换率降低 ;3)河水中有2 .7× 10 - 6 mol·L- 1 甘氨酸存在时 ,会提高离子交换率 ;4 )转化沙和未转化沙分别对镉的吸附作用不同 ,后者大于前者 ,与理论推断相一致 .     

未拆/已拆电子元器件的废旧印刷线路板浸铜规律对比研究

以未拆和已拆电子元器件的废旧印刷线路板(Waste Printed Circuit Boards,WPCBs)为研究对象,对比研究了其在硝酸中金属铜的浸出规律。研究结果表明:两者铜的浸出率随粒径的增大、时间的延长和固液比的减小而增大,温度对两者的影响都不大。已拆电子元器件的WPCBs的铜浸出率随H2O2和HNO3用量的增大而增大,而后者在实验讨论的范围内,H2O2和HNO3用量对其浸出率无明显影响。对于1 g样品,当未拆电子元器件的WPCBs粒径为0.25～0.5 mm,固液比为1:1,H2O2和HNO3均为2 mL时,50℃浸出2 h,即可浸出几乎全部的铜;当已拆电子元器件的WPCBs粒径为0.1～0.25 mm,固液比为1:1,H2O2和HNO3用量分别为2 mL和6 mL时,室温浸出2 h,铜浸出率达92.03%。     

高铟闪锌矿在氧压酸浸中铟浸出动力学的研究

铟是一种重要的多用途战略金属,具有较高的工业应用价值,但无独立可供开采的矿床,常伴生于铅锌等硫化矿中.因此,本文在传统电加热条件下进行了高铟闪锌矿氧压酸浸过程中铟浸出动力学实验的研究.结果表明:采用“有固态产物层的液-固相浸出反应动力学模型”对铟浸出动力学进行了研究,可知其浸出速率受到界面化学反应控制,其表观活化能为69.735kJ/mol,以及高铟闪锌矿氧压酸浸过程中铟浸出率随粒度减小、初始酸度增大、氧分压增大、浸出温度增大而增大.     

气-液-固变相态复杂渗流微观实验研究

利用微观可视化渗流实验对凝析气藏衰竭开发过程的反凝析过程中气-液-固复杂流动的渗流规律进行研究,通过高温、高压条件仿真微观可视化模型模拟地层凝析气-液-固流动,直接观测凝析气、液、固(蜡)相的渗流特征和运移机理. 给出蜡沉积吸附和运移规律,孔隙介质中气- 液-固(蜡)流动规律,气、液、固(蜡)相变化和分布特征. 归纳凝析油流动方式为携带、贴壁爬行、界面流、脉冲流、段塞流、溪状流、连续流、小液滴随大液滴和液流汇聚的运移规律. 提出蜡沉积吸附在多孔介质表面. 一种从气相中析出,直接以片状吸附在多孔介质表面. 另一种是蜡在液相中以絮状物析出并影响液相流动. 固相蜡析出使孔隙结构发生变化,孔隙半径变小,出现气、液、固多相流动,流动阻力增大.     

利用光卤石制取钾石盐太阳池原料的试验研究

以制取灌注钾石盐太阳池的原料为目的,用钾肥生产过程中产生的尾盐制得的光卤石矿为原料,通过控制变量法对该原料进行了分解试验,考察了液固比,分解时间,分解温度,光卤石矿粒度,搅拌强度以及分解液对分解效果的影响。结果表明:常温分解,液固比0.4∶1,分解时间25 min,光卤石粒度小于16目,搅拌速率250 r/min,分解液为稀释4倍的钾石盐饱和溶液,此条件下分解效果最好,得到的钾石盐中KCl含量44.66%,KCl收率达到95.20%。     

第二类边界条件下硬脂酸固液相变蓄能研究

通过引入有效导热系数来考虑自然对流对固液相变传热的影响,将相变蓄能模型简化为仅用能量方程描述,采用显热容法及正态分布液相率模型进行了求解.与硬脂酸固液相变实验的比较表明:自然对流对相变传热的影响不可忽略;修正后的有效导热系数经验公式能更准确地描述等热流边界条件下的固液相变过程;在等壁温边界条件下,相变速率随时间的推移而减小;在等热流边界条件下,相变速率随时间的推移而增大.     

7075Al合金LSC铸锭二次加热中的液固相体积分数

研究了液相线半连续铸造法制备的7075Al合金坯料在二次加热过程中液固相比的变化,分别用电阻法、热涵法测定出不同温度下7075Al合金的液相体积分数,并与图像法进行了比较·结果表明,在600℃左右,电阻法与用热涵法、图像法所测的实验结果基本一致,正确反映了加热过程中合金的液固相变化规律·用电阻法能方便有效地测定二次加热过程中半固态7075Al合金的液固相比,具有实时性强的优点,在600～620℃时,7075Al合金液固相比为30%～50%,完全适于合金的半固态成形·     

封闭腔水膜闪蒸汽液界面瞬态传质系数的实验研究

以膜渗透理论为依据,通过搭建水膜闪蒸实验台,对水膜闪蒸汽液界面的瞬态传质系数进行了实验研究.实验中液膜厚度为0.02～0.10 m,过热度为10～20℃,真空腔压力为0.005～0.015MPa.结果表明,实验条件下界面传质系数的变化范围为0.08～16.77 m/s.在相同条件下,该系数随初始过热度或初始液膜厚度的增大而减小.闪蒸过程中,该传质系数随液膜厚度的减小或真空腔压力的升高而迅速减小.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.