具有通信时延下多无人机编队控制

 针对具有二阶动力学特性多无人机系统模型,在具有通信时延及编队构型时变的情况下,本文提出了一种基于一致性理论的编队控制算法。首先将多个无人机的时变编队控制问题转换成闭环系统的渐近稳定问题;然后通过构造Lyapunov-Krasovskii 函数,并以线性矩阵不等式（linear matrix inequality）的形式给出多无人机编队系统时变编队稳定的充分条件;最后以被视为质点的多无人机系统为例进行了仿真验证。结果表明：当通信时延、控制协议参数等满足稳定条件时,文中提出的编队控制算法能使多无人机编队系统形成期望的时变编队队形。     

基于解析几何的无人机编队定位与调整策略

针对无人机编队中的无源定位问题，基于三角函数推导，对仅能接收夹角信息的无源定位圆形编队建立了定位的几何模型，并利用三角函数关系，结合解析法，讨论了仅已知部分无人机编号的情况；基于几何模型给出了编队初始略有偏差的调整策略；在编队队形发生改变的情况下，利用解析几何构建定位模型，实现新队形下的精确定位。结果表明：针对圆形编队三点定位问题，基于严谨的数学几何解三角形计算，建立接收信号无人机的定位模型，结果具有较高的准确性；针对圆形编队两点定位，第三点编号未知的情况下的定位问题，构建了基于无人机感知方位判定编号的解析模型，充分考虑到了接收信号的无人机的位置偏差大小与增加数量的关系，具有较好的普适性；针对圆形编队三架无人机实现队形调整策略问题，基于贪心策略，构建迭代调整模型，模型与解决问题的适配程度较高。     

基于一致性算法的无人机协同编队避障研究

基于人工势场方法,提出了一种双向网络连接结构的多无人机一致性避障控制算法。该算法能够有效避免无人机之间以及无人机与障碍物之间发生碰撞,实现协同编队飞行,完成任务。将所提出的一致性算法与"长机-僚机"控制策略结合起来应用到编队控制中,能够避免无人机之间以及无人机与障碍物之间发生碰撞,确保无人机编队收敛。文中以3架无人机构成正三角形编队作为控制对象,以长机飞行轨迹作为期望路径,僚机跟踪长机保持正三角形编队飞行,且无人机之间以及无人机与靠近障碍物内侧的僚机与障碍物保持安全距离,长机和僚机在水平面具有相同的前进速度和航向角速率,在垂直方向保持相对距离不变。通过仿真实验验证了所提出的控制算法的有效性,对工程应用具有一定的借鉴意义。     

从鸟群群集飞行到无人机自主集群编队

无人机可通过自主集群编队提高其在复杂环境下执行任务的能力.多飞行器并存导致系统协调管理难度提升等一系列问题,因此如何设计合理高效的无人机集群编队协调自主控制算法是一个亟待解决的难点问题.在鸟群群集飞行过程中,个体通过遵循简单行为规则进行相互合作而产生复杂有序的集体行为.由于鸟群群集飞行过程中所表现出的邻近交互性、群体稳定性和环境适应性等特点与无人机集群编队的自主、协调和智能等控制要求有着紧密的契合之处,因此,研究鸟群群集飞行机制,并将其映射到无人机集群系统,是解决无人机集群编队协调自主控制问题的一条切实可行的途径.     

基于改进梯度策略的多虚拟结构算法的无人机协同控制

针对多无人机(unmanned aerial vehicles,UAVs)协同控制问题,提出一种用于无人机协同编队控制方法。以虚拟结构控制为框架,结合梯度策略方法设计奖励函数和惩罚函数,将其看成一种引力和斥力运用到无人机协同编队控制系统,解决在多虚拟结构控制点下因编队数量增加导致机群的稳定性和协调性下降的问题。本文算法使得无人机编队既能协同运动,又能在运动中维持稳定的队形变换,还能防止机群之间的两机碰撞。对有控制输入的无人机编队系统进行仿真,验证了该方法的有效性。     

三维编队飞行模型建立及自适应鲁棒控制

以张量分析为工具建立无人机编队飞行相对运动模型,用飞行中外界干扰的估计值构造系统能量函数,根据Lyapunov稳定判据,提出一种无人机编队飞行队形保持的自适应鲁棒控制律。研究表明：无人机编队飞行张量模型具有广泛的适用性;为无人机编队飞行深层问题研究、克服标架奇点引起的计算障碍等提供了新途径;提出的控制律简单,有效。     

基于开源软件的无人机飞行仿真

飞行控制算法设计和仿真是无人机研制的关键步骤。为了缩短无人机飞行控制算法设计周期和试验成本,本文对无人机纵向和侧向控制算法进行了设计,并基于开源软件开发了固定翼无人机可视化的飞行仿真系统,对飞行控制算法进行仿真实验。仿真结果显示,飞行仿真系统实时且直观,通过对飞行仿真试验数据的综合分析,验证了飞行控制算法的有效性,该飞行仿真系统可广泛应用于无人机飞行控制算法的仿真验证。     

弱通信条件下多机器人编队控制及稳定性分析

为消除弱通信因素给多机器人编队控制系统带来的影响,基于一致性理论,提出了一种时延依赖的分布式编队控制算法.利用编队图描述机器人群体内部的网络拓扑结构,通过图的矩阵表示,基于矩阵论和控制理论研究具有通信时延的多机器人系统形成稳定的期望编队的条件.根据Lyapunov稳定性定理,得到了线性矩阵不等式(LMI)形式的时延独立和时延依赖的稳定条件,并在此基础上进一步证明采用的控制方法能够保证多机器人系统全局渐近地收敛至期望队形和期望速度.最后,通过一个多机器人编队实例对控制算法和结论进行验证.结果表明在满足系统稳定条件下,所采用的编队控制算法能够保证多机器人系统形成稳定的期望编队.     

无人机编队飞行控制中的气动耦合问题

长僚机之间的气动耦合效应是无人机编队飞行中不可忽视的因素,以长僚机的双机编队为例,建立了编队飞行的涡流模型,在有无气动干扰的两种情况下,计算了僚机在编队队形中的气动力,最后设计了考虑气动耦合效应的无人机编队飞行控制系统并进行仿真研究.仿真结果表明气动效应对编队队列中无人机的飞行状态会产生一定影响,该控制系统能很快消除扰动影响,使僚机实现状态的跟踪和保持,达到稳定编队飞行的要求.     

舰载战斗机/无人机编队飞行控制研究现状与展望

在未来的海上攻防作战中,舰载战斗机和舰载固定翼无人机将成为航母编队的重要组成部分,舰载战斗机/无人机编队将是未来海洋战争的重要作战形式。首先总结了近年来国内外有人/无人机编队作战相关项目,然后描述舰载机/无人机编队任务流程,总结了舰载机/无人机编队飞行控制方法,其中包括了编队集结控制、队形变换控制、队形保持控制和编队重构控制四个方面。最后对舰载机/无人机编队飞行控制技术未来发展方向进行了展望。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to