U75V焊接接头三维轮轨滚动接触有限元分析

由于焊接区材质的非均匀性,钢轨焊接接头一直是钢轨伤损的频发区域,通过分离式霍普金森压杆实验获得了U75V钢轨在不同应变率下的应力—应变曲线,确定了Johnson-Cook冲击动态本构模型材料参数,建立了含焊接接头的轮轨滚动接触有限元模型;对钢轨焊缝区、热影响区和母材区的接触压力、等效应力和等效塑性应变进行了有限元分析.结果显示:在轮轨滚动接触过程中,焊接接头热影响区最大接触压力相对于相邻区域较小,与其他区域交界处产生明显的应力集中,其等效塑性应变最大处位于钢轨次表层,焊接接头的等效塑性应变大于母材,轴重的变化对焊接接头最大接触压力和等效塑性应变的影响较小;随着行车速度增大,热影响区域最大接触压力和焊接接头等效塑性应变均逐渐增大.     

基于改进J-C模型的42CrMo钢动态本构关系研究

42CrMo钢作为高速列车车轴的主要原材料,在高速列车运营中承受复杂的载荷条件。其中除了正常的设计载荷之外,还将承受不同程度的冲击载荷作用。为研究车轴钢的动态力学性能及其应力-应变关系,对42CrMo钢进行准静态及动态压缩力学性能实验,得到42CrMo钢在10-3~5000区间内七个应变率下的应力-应变曲线,结果显示42CrMo钢在高应变率下无明显应变率相关性,存在热软化效应。热软化效应被认为是在高速冲击下,材料塑性变形产生的热量无法向外界快速扩散从而积累导致温度上升而造成。采用改进J-C模型,考虑绝热温升影响,对材料进行本构描述,结果显示改进J-C模型在描述及预测不同应变率下42CrMo钢的流动应力时表现很好。     

列车车体铝合金动态力学性能及其对吸能的影响

为了研究车用5083H111铝合金材料的动态力学性能及其对结构吸能的影响,分别对该材料进行动态冲击拉伸和动态冲击压缩试验,获得不同应变率下的材料本构关系。以车辆防爬吸能结构为载体,采用3种材料模型,对比分析该铝合金材料的动态力学性能对车体吸能结构吸能容量的影响。研究结果表明:5083H111铝合金材料在低应变率情况下存在应变率软化效应,在中低应变率范围内存在应变率软化再强化特性;在高应变率情况下,这种材料表现出明显的应变率强化效应;列车碰撞的应变率数量级范围为0~2,属于中低应变率范围;对于5083H111铝合金制成的车体吸能结构,考虑应变率效应的结构的实际吸能量要比不考虑应变率效应的相同结构的吸能量小。     

6008铝合金冲击实验及其动态本构模型

为了弥补6008铝合金在冲击载荷作用下的力学性能及其动态本构模型研究的不足,采用RPL-100型材料试验机和分离式霍普金森压杆获取了该材料在不同应变率下的应力—应变曲线.结果表明:随着应变率的增加,6008铝合金的屈服强度、强度极限与流动应力增加,应变硬化率减小,屈服滞后现象明显.基于实验结果与Johnson-Cook模型,引入Cowper-Symonds本构模型来描述6008铝合金的应变率效应,同时考虑到该材料冲击过程中绝热温升的影响,构建了适用于6008铝合金的改进Johnson-Cook模型.结果表明,改进Johnson-Cook模型能够能较好地描述6008铝合金的应变率效应并能准确地预测其流动应力,可为实际工程中的数值模拟问题提供参考.     

纯铁药型罩材料的动态应力-应变行为

利用Hopkinson杆技术对经930℃下退火2h的纯铁药型罩材料进行了冲击压缩实验,测定了该材料在不同应变率下的动态应力-应变关系.借助光学显微镜对变形后纯铁的组织进行了观察,研究了在不同应变率下变形过程中纯铁的组织演变和动态应力-应变行为.研究表明:在650～3850s-1的应变率范围内,纯铁药型罩材料有显著的孪生变形,发生了明显的应变强化和应变率强化效应,且最大应变也随应变率的提高而增加;在高应变率冲击下,孪生和滑移是纯铁的主要塑性变形机制,也是纯铁高应变率增强增塑的主要机制.     

花岗岩动态劈裂拉伸实验及动力作用机制

岩石作为一种常见的工程材料,其动态拉伸力学性能的准确核定及其破坏机理至关重要.借助霍普金森压杆(split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)实验装置,对75块花岗岩试样进行了不同冲击速度下的动态劈裂拉伸实验,分析其动态强度与变形的应变率效应,以及冲击劈裂后的破坏形态,进而得到花岗岩试样的应变率、...     

Al2O3陶瓷材料高应变率下的动态力学性能

针对常规SHPB实验系统的不足对其进行改进,采用改进的SHPB实验方法对Al2O3陶瓷材料的动态力学性能进行了实验研究,表明改进的SHPB实验方法可以成功地进行高强度材料高应变率下的动态力学性能实验。实验得到了Al2O3陶瓷材料在不同应变率下的动态应力应变曲线,结果表明,Al2O3陶瓷为弹脆性材料,其动态应力应变呈非线性关系;在高应变率下,陶瓷材料的动态应力应变关系是应变率相关的,材料的初始弹性模量、破坏应力、破坏应变值随应变率的增大而增大。最后对Al2O3陶瓷高应变率下的变形机理进行了讨论。     

冲击载荷作用下砂岩的动力学特性及能耗规律

采用分离式霍普金森(SHPB)压杆装置对砂岩进行动态冲击压缩试验,通过不同的加载气压实现不同应变率条件下对煤矿区的砂岩进行冲击压缩,以此来分析煤矿区砂岩的动力学特性以及能量损耗规律。根据试验结果分析可得,应力-应变曲线反映出砂岩的动态弹性模量及峰值应力都表现出明显的应变率效应,动态压缩强度表现出很强的应变率效应,两者之间呈现线性关系;在动态冲击压缩中,动态抗压强度高于静态抗压强度,通过动态强度增长因子DIF可以反映岩石在动载条件下的强度指标;随着应变率的增大,砂岩试样单位体积吸收破碎耗能增加,试样破坏更严重,破坏程度与单位体积破碎耗能之间形成很好的对应关系。同时借助SEM扫描电镜分析冲击压缩后试样微观条件下的破坏模式,结合宏观上的破坏形态共同分析岩石的损伤特性。     

SHPB实验及其在合金材料中的应用研究

钛、铝合金材料在航空航天等工程领域中得到了广泛应用,对其动态冲击力学性能的研究需借助分离式Hopkinson压杆(split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)实验完成。比较并分析了SHPB实验装置及其在该两种合金材料研究上的应用,研究了影响SHPB实验结果的因素,如弥散效应、均匀性问题、惯性效应及端面摩擦效应等。通过对钛合金、铝合金材料冲击动态力学性能及其本构模型进行研究发现:钛合金和铝合金材料的流动应力和屈服强度往往会随着应变率的升高而升高,随温度的升高而降低。对钛合金和铝合金材料的冲击动态力学性能进行了比较,Johnson-Cook本构模型可以合理描述两种材料的冲击动态力学行为。     

3004铝的动态力学性能及本构模型

为了得到3004铝的动态力学性能及本构模型,运用静态实验机和分离式Hopkinson压杆动态加载装置,在温度为10～400℃、应变率为0.000 5～2 000s-1范围内得到了3004铝在准静态拉伸及动态压缩条件下的应力-应变曲线,并基于Johnson-Cook材料模型对其进行拟合分析.结果表明:3004铝有明显的应变率强化效应和温度软化效应,其应力随应变率的增加而增加,随温度的升高而降低;拟合得到的3004铝动态本构关系曲线可以描述出材料在大应变率和高温下的力学性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.