新生儿血培养病原菌分布及耐药性分析

为了解本院新生儿病房血培养病原菌的分布及主要病原菌对抗菌药物的耐药性,本研究分析了2015年1月至2015年12月新生儿病房送检的血培养标本所分离病原菌的种类及抗菌药物耐药情况.结果共分离到病原菌236株,其中革兰阳性菌192株(81.36%),以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌为主;革兰阴性杆菌40株(16.95%),以大肠埃希菌为主.药敏结果显示,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌耐药率较高,其中耐甲氧西林检出率占82.69%,未检出耐奎奴普丁/达福普汀、替加环素、利奈唑烷和万古霉素的葡萄球菌;主要革兰阴性菌对氨苄西林、复方新诺明、庆大霉素耐药率较高,未检出耐阿米卡星、头孢吡肟、头孢他啶、头孢替坦、妥布霉素、亚胺培南菌株.结论:本院新生儿血培养病原菌以革兰阳性菌为主,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌是主要病原菌,并且耐药率较高.     

伤口分泌物病原种类调查及耐药性分析

为调查伤口感染的病原菌分布及耐药情况,指导临床合理用药,采集伤口分泌物进行常规细菌培养鉴定,以纸片扩散法进行药物敏感性试验.从2 329份标本中分离出致病菌1 394株,总分离率为59.85%.阳性率高的科室主要为骨科、普通外科和内分泌科.感染的病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主,占65.06%,革兰阳性球菌占30.13%.革兰阴性杆菌中鲍曼不动杆菌、大肠埃希菌和铜绿假单胞菌分离率较高,药敏结果显示头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、阿米卡星和哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率较低.革兰阳性球菌中金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和粪肠球菌分离率较高,药敏结果显示万古霉素、利奈唑胺、替考拉宁和米诺环素的耐药率较低.分离出的病原菌对常用抗生素耐药情况严重,临床应根据药敏结果合理使用抗生素,减少院内感染,延缓耐药菌的产生.     

尿路感染病原菌及耐药性分析

目的：探讨尿路感染的病原菌构成及耐药性,指导临床合理使用抗菌药物。方法：收集我院2006年1月至2007年12月尿路感染患者清洁中段尿培养阳性588株细菌进行鉴定,并用K—B纸片法作药敏分析。结果：尿路感染病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主（63．8％）,前4位分别是大肠埃希菌（45．7％）、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（11.6％）、假丝酵母菌（11．1％）、肠球菌（7．8％）。大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌超广谱β-内酰胺胺酶（ESBLS）检出率分别为29％和32.1％,甲氧西林耐药凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MRCNS）检出率为41．2％。结论：革兰阴性杆菌是尿路感染的主要病原菌,对常规抗菌药物的耐药性呈上升趋势,细菌分离培养鉴定及药敏试验对指导临床合理使用抗菌药物具有重要意义。     

武威市凉州区住院患者血流感染主要分离病原菌及耐药性分析

了解武威市凉州区近五年血培养标本分离的主要病原菌及其耐药性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考。应用WHONET5.6软件统计分析2014年-2018年武威市凉州医院、凉州三院住院患者中463份血培养阳性检测结果。分离革兰阴性菌268株(57.88%),革兰阳性菌195株(42.12%),居前3位的细菌分别是大肠埃希菌(186株,40.17%),表皮葡萄球菌(99株,21.38%),肺炎克雷伯菌(37株,7.99%),产超广谱β内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌26.88%、肺炎克雷伯菌8.11%,未发现对美罗培南耐药的肠杆菌科细菌。耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌33.09%,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌35.71%,未检出耐万古霉素阳性球菌,非发酵菌(16株,3.46%),检出耐碳青霉烯类药物鲍曼不动杆菌一株。武威市凉州区血流感染以肠杆菌科细菌为主,其次为阳性球菌,非发酵菌分离较少,临床医生应慎重对待血流感染病原菌及其药敏结果,重视耐药趋势变化,合理使用抗菌药物。     

西双版纳州医院2008年细菌感染分布及耐药性分析

目的:对我院细菌感染分布及耐药性进行调查分析,为临床合理使用抗生素药物提供依据.方法:对我院临床送检的各类标本采用英国Aris全自动微生物鉴定/药敏分析仪进行培养分离、鉴定及药敏试验,对结果进行回顾性统计分析.结果:阳性标本703份,检出率为35.42%,以革兰阴性杆菌检出较高.革兰阴性杆菌498株,占70.84%,主要为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌及铜绿假单胞菌;革兰阳性菌205株,占29.16%,主要为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、肠球菌属和金黄色葡萄球菌.大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌除对亚胺培南敏感外,对其他常用抗生素药物不同程度耐药;铜绿假单胞菌对头孢哌酮、头孢曲松、哌拉西林的耐药率在45.00%～50.00%范围内;耐药率最低的是左氧氟沙星、亚胺培南、氨曲南、头孢吡肟、头孢他啶,耐药性分别为18.42%、21.79%、21.79%、23.1%、25.79%;阴沟肠杆菌除对亚胺培南、阿米卡星敏感外,对青霉素类、一至三代头孢菌素等多药高度耐药.耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌(MRS)检出率为68.37%,其中耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)检出率为85.06%.结论:细菌耐药性较严重,临床医师应重视细菌培养和药敏试验,合理使用抗生素.     

某二甲医院感染常见病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的:了解感染常见病原菌分布变迁和耐药趋势。方法:对2012年8月至2013年7月从医院感染患者标本中分离出的主要致病菌,采用法国梅里埃VITEK-2 Compact全自动微生物鉴定仪鉴定,并进行药敏试验。结果:2012年8月至2013年7月共分离出病原菌659株,其中革兰阴性菌为393株,占59.64%,革兰阳性菌为128株,占19.42%,真菌为138株,占20.94%,大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林、庆大霉素、头孢吡肟、头孢曲松、氨曲南、复方新诺明、四环素,肺炎克雷伯菌对氨苄西林、哌拉西林、呋喃妥因,铜绿假单胞菌对氨苄西林、四环素、头孢曲松、头孢唑啉,金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素,表皮葡萄球菌对复方新诺明、青霉素等呈耐药率逐渐增高趋势。结论:革兰阴性菌以大肠埃希菌为主、革兰阳性菌以表皮葡萄球菌为主,掌握细菌变迁动态,从而不断进行耐药性监测,才能有效的指导临床合理应用抗菌药物。     

云南昆钢医院2013年三、四季度细菌耐药性监测分析

目的:分析云南昆钢医院2013年三、四季度的细菌耐药情况,为临床治疗提供可靠依据。方法:用VITET-2 Compact全自动微生物分析仪鉴定细菌,采用肉汤微量稀释法做体外药敏试验,依照美国临床实验室标准化协会2013年制定的判断药敏试验标准。结果:第三、四季度检验科收到标本3 920份,检出致病菌953株,阳性率24.3%。其中排在前5位的病原菌株种类分别是:大肠埃希氏菌263株、肺炎克雷伯112株、金黄色葡萄球菌56株、铜绿假单胞菌48株、鲍曼不动杆菌41株。药敏大肠埃希氏菌对复方新诺明、氨苄西林的耐药率分别为93.6%、100.0%,肺炎克雷伯菌对复方新诺明、哌拉西林耐药率分别为100.0%、96.4%,鲍曼不动杆菌对头孢唑林、复方新诺明耐药率均大于75.0%,金黄色葡萄球菌青霉素P的耐药率为90.3%,未发现万古霉素耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌,铜绿假单胞菌氨苄西林、头孢唑啉、头孢曲松耐药率均为100.0%。结论:结合昆钢医院细菌耐药趋势参照抗生素目录及使用指南合理选用抗生素,减少或减缓耐药菌株的产生。     

临床病原菌耐药性监测分析

目的：监测2012年上半年江阴市人民医院临床主要病原菌对抗菌药物的耐药情况,为临床合理用药提供可靠依据。方法：采用VTTEK32病原茵鉴定仪及GNS448药敏板进行药敏试验,根据CLSI2010年M100-S20判定耐药性。结果：2012年上半年江阴市人民医院共分离获得病原菌菌株2431株,其中革兰阴性（G-）菌1688例,占69．44％;革兰阳性（G’）菌743例,占30．56％;分离获得的醋酸钙鲍曼复合不动杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌菌株数分别位列G菌和G’菌首位;大肠埃希菌产超广谱β-内酰胺菌株和金黄色葡萄球菌耐甲氧西林菌株检出率分别为30．18％和30．07％。结论：江阴市人民医院分离获得的病原菌为院内感染的常见病原菌,且以革兰阴性杆菌为主,细菌多重耐药现象严重,应积极进行耐药监测并采取有效控制措施。     

158例细菌性脑膜炎病原菌分布及耐药性分析

分析细菌性脑膜炎患者感染病原菌分布及耐药性特点,指导临床用药。回顾性分析158名细菌性脑膜炎患者资料,对脑脊液行细菌培养及药敏试验。共培养出致病菌17种158株,其中格兰阳性菌10种73株(46.21%),革兰阴性菌7种85株(53.79%)。格兰阳性菌检出率最高的3种细菌是金黄色葡萄球菌(10.76%)、肺炎链球菌(6.96%)、表皮葡萄球菌(5.70%),该组耐药率最低的是万古霉素;格兰阴性菌检出率最高的3种细菌是大肠埃希菌(9.49%)、铜绿假单胞菌(8.86%)、阴沟肠杆菌(8.86%),该组耐药率最低的是美罗培南。金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌和大肠埃希菌是引起细菌性脑膜炎的主要的病原菌,了解细菌性脑膜炎病原菌分布及耐药性特点对指导临床用药具有重要意义。     

武威市凉州区胆囊结石患者分离主要病原菌及耐药性分析

通过回顾性分析武威市凉州医院胆囊结石患者胆汁中分离的主要病原菌及药敏结果,为临床用药提供合理依据。收集2014年1月至2018年12月在武威市凉州医院住院的胆囊结石患者胆汁细菌培养阳性结果 309例,选择WHONET5.6软件统计数据并分析。309株病原菌全部为需氧菌或兼性厌氧菌,其中革兰阴性菌222株,占71.84%,革兰阳性菌87株,占28.16%。大肠埃希菌对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、头孢西丁、阿米卡星较敏感,耐药率均30%;肺炎克雷伯杆菌除头孢唑林耐药率为33.33%之外,其他可选择药物敏感性均30%;未检出美罗培南耐药革兰阴性杆菌。屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌对红霉素耐药分别为84.78%和76.19%,青霉素耐药率分别为39.13%和23.81%,未检出耐万古霉素革兰阳性球菌。胆囊结石患者中主要感染的病原菌为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、屎肠球菌、粪肠球菌,临床医生需根据本地区细菌耐药形势合理选择抗菌药物,对胆囊结石患者进行有效的早期经验治疗和围手术期预防用药。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.