血培养中的病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的：了解血培养病原菌分布及耐药情况,为临床感染性疾病的治疗提供参考依据。方法：采用Bact/Alert3D血培养仪、VITEK-2 Compact鉴定系统及K-B法进行血培养、细菌鉴定和药敏试验,统计、分析病原菌分布及药敏结果。结果：4758份血培养标本分离出病原菌391株（8.22%）,检出革兰阴性杆菌197株,其中大肠埃希菌（131株）、肺炎克雷伯菌（21株）、洋葱伯克霍尔德菌（10株）检出率较高;革兰阳性球菌检出182株,以表皮葡萄球菌（53株）、人葡萄球菌（39株）、金黄色葡萄球菌（22株）为主。大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林、头孢曲松、复方磺胺甲恶唑耐药率高达94.92%、81.36%、63.49%;表皮葡萄球菌对青霉素G、红霉素耐药率高达95.65%、75.51%。结论：血培养病原菌菌种多样化,以大肠埃希菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌为主,且对常用抗生素耐药率较高,临床应加强耐药性监测,合理选用抗生素。     

新生儿血培养病原菌分布及耐药性分析

为了解本院新生儿病房血培养病原菌的分布及主要病原菌对抗菌药物的耐药性,本研究分析了2015年1月至2015年12月新生儿病房送检的血培养标本所分离病原菌的种类及抗菌药物耐药情况.结果共分离到病原菌236株,其中革兰阳性菌192株(81.36%),以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌为主;革兰阴性杆菌40株(16.95%),以大肠埃希菌为主.药敏结果显示,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌耐药率较高,其中耐甲氧西林检出率占82.69%,未检出耐奎奴普丁/达福普汀、替加环素、利奈唑烷和万古霉素的葡萄球菌;主要革兰阴性菌对氨苄西林、复方新诺明、庆大霉素耐药率较高,未检出耐阿米卡星、头孢吡肟、头孢他啶、头孢替坦、妥布霉素、亚胺培南菌株.结论:本院新生儿血培养病原菌以革兰阳性菌为主,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌是主要病原菌,并且耐药率较高.     

云南昆钢医院2013年三、四季度细菌耐药性监测分析

目的:分析云南昆钢医院2013年三、四季度的细菌耐药情况,为临床治疗提供可靠依据。方法:用VITET-2 Compact全自动微生物分析仪鉴定细菌,采用肉汤微量稀释法做体外药敏试验,依照美国临床实验室标准化协会2013年制定的判断药敏试验标准。结果:第三、四季度检验科收到标本3 920份,检出致病菌953株,阳性率24.3%。其中排在前5位的病原菌株种类分别是:大肠埃希氏菌263株、肺炎克雷伯112株、金黄色葡萄球菌56株、铜绿假单胞菌48株、鲍曼不动杆菌41株。药敏大肠埃希氏菌对复方新诺明、氨苄西林的耐药率分别为93.6%、100.0%,肺炎克雷伯菌对复方新诺明、哌拉西林耐药率分别为100.0%、96.4%,鲍曼不动杆菌对头孢唑林、复方新诺明耐药率均大于75.0%,金黄色葡萄球菌青霉素P的耐药率为90.3%,未发现万古霉素耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌,铜绿假单胞菌氨苄西林、头孢唑啉、头孢曲松耐药率均为100.0%。结论:结合昆钢医院细菌耐药趋势参照抗生素目录及使用指南合理选用抗生素,减少或减缓耐药菌株的产生。     

158例细菌性脑膜炎病原菌分布及耐药性分析

分析细菌性脑膜炎患者感染病原菌分布及耐药性特点,指导临床用药。回顾性分析158名细菌性脑膜炎患者资料,对脑脊液行细菌培养及药敏试验。共培养出致病菌17种158株,其中格兰阳性菌10种73株(46.21%),革兰阴性菌7种85株(53.79%)。格兰阳性菌检出率最高的3种细菌是金黄色葡萄球菌(10.76%)、肺炎链球菌(6.96%)、表皮葡萄球菌(5.70%),该组耐药率最低的是万古霉素;格兰阴性菌检出率最高的3种细菌是大肠埃希菌(9.49%)、铜绿假单胞菌(8.86%)、阴沟肠杆菌(8.86%),该组耐药率最低的是美罗培南。金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌和大肠埃希菌是引起细菌性脑膜炎的主要的病原菌,了解细菌性脑膜炎病原菌分布及耐药性特点对指导临床用药具有重要意义。     

肺结核并下呼吸道感染489株病原菌的分布及耐药性分析

目的:调查我院肺结核并下呼吸道感染病人痰液标本中临床分离病原菌的分布及耐药状况,以指导合理用药。方法:对我院近两年来肺结核并下呼吸道感染病人1 321份痰液标本分离的病原菌进行回顾性分析。结果:共检出489株致病菌,其中革兰阳性菌184株,占37.6%,主要有表皮葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌、链球菌属、金黄色葡萄球菌;革兰阴性菌169株,占34.6%,主要有大肠埃希氏菌、醋酸钙不动杆菌、假单胞菌属、克雷伯菌属;真菌136株,占27.8%,多为为白色念珠菌。药敏结果(除真菌)显示:大多数革兰氏阳性菌及阴性菌对多种抗生素耐药,耐药率较高的抗生素依次为苯唑西林、克林霉素、磺胺甲恶唑、红霉素、万古霉素、青霉素钠、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星;仍具有较高敏感率的依次为亚胺培南、头孢吡肟、阿米卡星、妥布霉素、头孢噻肟钠、头孢曲松钠、头孢哌酮钠。结论:肺结核病并下呼吸道感染的细菌多为条件致病菌,且具有多重耐药性,临床上应加强监测,根据药敏结果合理使用抗生素。     

武威市凉州区胆囊结石患者分离主要病原菌及耐药性分析

通过回顾性分析武威市凉州医院胆囊结石患者胆汁中分离的主要病原菌及药敏结果,为临床用药提供合理依据。收集2014年1月至2018年12月在武威市凉州医院住院的胆囊结石患者胆汁细菌培养阳性结果 309例,选择WHONET5.6软件统计数据并分析。309株病原菌全部为需氧菌或兼性厌氧菌,其中革兰阴性菌222株,占71.84%,革兰阳性菌87株,占28.16%。大肠埃希菌对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、头孢西丁、阿米卡星较敏感,耐药率均30%;肺炎克雷伯杆菌除头孢唑林耐药率为33.33%之外,其他可选择药物敏感性均30%;未检出美罗培南耐药革兰阴性杆菌。屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌对红霉素耐药分别为84.78%和76.19%,青霉素耐药率分别为39.13%和23.81%,未检出耐万古霉素革兰阳性球菌。胆囊结石患者中主要感染的病原菌为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、屎肠球菌、粪肠球菌,临床医生需根据本地区细菌耐药形势合理选择抗菌药物,对胆囊结石患者进行有效的早期经验治疗和围手术期预防用药。     

从腹泻实验兔分离的一株大肠埃希菌的生物学特性研究

目的 研究从腹泻实验兔分离到的大肠埃希菌的生物学特性。方法 对一株从因腹泻而死亡的SPF级实验兔体内分离的致病性大肠埃希菌的遗传谱系、抗生素敏感性、消毒液敏感性以及细菌携带的耐药基因和毒力基因进行较为全面的研究。结果 该大肠埃希菌属于B1型遗传谱系，携带毒力基因eaeA,属于肠致病性大肠埃希菌。对常用的5种消毒液敏感，对于青霉素、氨苄西林、头孢氨苄、头孢拉定、四环素、多西环素、米诺霉素、红霉素、麦迪霉素、万古霉素、复方新诺明等11种抗生素耐药，携带aadA1,gyrA,sul1和tetA等4个抗生素耐药基因。结论 从因腹泻而死亡的SPF级实验兔体内分离的致病性大肠埃希菌为一株B1型遗传谱系的肠致病性大肠埃希菌，具有多重耐药性，对常用的消毒剂均敏感。     

某医院感染性病原菌分布及耐药性分析

对2012~2014年间某综合医院心脏中心感染性病原菌的构成及细菌耐药性变迁进行回顾性分析,为抗菌药物的合理使用提供依据.以痰液和尿液为主要标本来源,分离出177株病原菌,其中140株革兰氏阴性菌(79.1%),37株革兰氏阳性菌(20.9%).主要革兰氏阴性菌为大肠埃希菌(16.9%)、铜绿假单胞菌(15.3%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(14.1%)和鲍曼不动杆菌(12.4%).主要革兰氏阳性菌为金黄色葡萄球菌(12.4%).MRSA检出率为72.7%.大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对阿米卡星、亚胺培南和美洛培南的敏感性高;铜绿假单胞菌对阿米卡星和美洛培南的敏感性高;不动杆菌属对包括亚胺培南、美罗培南在内的14种抗生素的耐药率均超过30%,金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类等大多数抗生素耐药,对万古霉素和替考拉宁敏感.2012~2014年我院心脏中心住院患者感染病原菌中革兰氏阴性菌占优势,病原菌主要来自呼吸道细菌耐药性仍然形势严峻,应加强对细菌耐药性监测.     

楚雄州中医院2011年细菌耐药性监测结果分析

目的:了解2011年临床分离菌株对常用抗生素的耐药性。方法:采用API鉴定和ATB药敏板条及纸片扩散法对2011年临床分离1 127株细菌进行药敏试验。结果:1 127株细菌中革兰阴性菌占76.8%,革兰阳性菌占23.2%。革兰阴性菌中前3位为大肠埃希菌45.7%(395/865)、肺炎克雷伯菌10.6%(92/865)和铜绿假单胞菌9.0%(78/865);革兰阳性菌中前3位为屎肠球菌27.1%(71/262)、金黄色葡萄球菌24.8%(65/262)和表皮葡萄球菌16.0%(42/262)。药敏试验结果显示泛耐药铜绿假单胞菌和不动杆菌检出率分别为19.2%(15/78)和32.8%(23/70);MRSA和MRCNS分别占金黄色葡萄球菌和CNS的32.3%(21/65)和83.3%(40/48)。结论:定期进行耐药性监测有助于了解细菌耐药性的变迁,为临床用药提供依据。     

武威市凉州区住院患者血流感染主要分离病原菌及耐药性分析

了解武威市凉州区近五年血培养标本分离的主要病原菌及其耐药性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考。应用WHONET5.6软件统计分析2014年-2018年武威市凉州医院、凉州三院住院患者中463份血培养阳性检测结果。分离革兰阴性菌268株(57.88%),革兰阳性菌195株(42.12%),居前3位的细菌分别是大肠埃希菌(186株,40.17%),表皮葡萄球菌(99株,21.38%),肺炎克雷伯菌(37株,7.99%),产超广谱β内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌26.88%、肺炎克雷伯菌8.11%,未发现对美罗培南耐药的肠杆菌科细菌。耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌33.09%,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌35.71%,未检出耐万古霉素阳性球菌,非发酵菌(16株,3.46%),检出耐碳青霉烯类药物鲍曼不动杆菌一株。武威市凉州区血流感染以肠杆菌科细菌为主,其次为阳性球菌,非发酵菌分离较少,临床医生应慎重对待血流感染病原菌及其药敏结果,重视耐药趋势变化,合理使用抗菌药物。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to