浅析#2锅炉汽温调节

我公司#2炉锅炉型号为:HG—2008/186/M,锅炉形式为:单炉膛、单汽鼓、强制循环悬吊式,燃烧方式为:四角布置缝隙式切圆燃烧。#2锅炉自投产来炉膛烟气热偏差一直过大,烟气热偏差是造成整台锅炉各级受热面热负荷分配不平衡和热量转移的根本原因,也是引发各受热面管材寿命不平衡的根     

用线算图分析富氧燃烧锅炉的热力状态

本文提出用线标图的方法分析应用富氧燃烧技术后锅炉的空气量、烟气量、排烟热损失及由此可达到的节煤率;同时还利用线算图对不同参数锅炉的辐射换热及其与工质各吸热量之间的关系进行了热力分析?     

立体分级低氮燃烧技术在恒运电厂2×210MW锅炉上的应用

通过对2?10MW的锅炉机组进行燃烧器和燃尽风的改造技术实现燃料的水平分级和空气的竖直分级,并针对不同的二次风配风方式和燃尽风的份额条件下的燃烧过程进行了实验研究。根据测量结果分析可见,改造前烟气中NOx排放量为550mg/m3,改造后的锅炉机组,实测的烟气中NOx排放量可降到230 mg/m3,降低了约58%（折算到O2=6%）。NOx的排放量与煤粉喷口周围的还原性气氛相关,该部分的空气量影响了燃料N的转换过程。对煤粉的空气分级燃烧技术,存在一个最佳的燃尽风份额,可以促使NOx的排放浓度达到最低的水平。     

煤粉锅炉膜法富氧局部助燃技术

针对150 t/h煤粉动力锅炉存在结焦、热效率低及NOx排放浓度高等问题,在冷态动力场试验的基础上,借助计算机仿真技术,应用k-ε-g湍流燃烧模型及煤的双挥发反应热解模型对炉内流动及燃烧过程进行数值计算,开发局部富氧助燃技术,设计膜法富氧局部助燃系统,并将局部富氧助燃技术应用于煤粉锅炉的工业试验。实践结果表明:局部富氧助燃技术的应用,能有效地解决炉膛结焦和高温腐蚀问题;提高低负荷不投油稳燃能力;燃用贫煤时,可以在50%额定负荷下断油稳燃;大渣及飞灰可燃物含量降低,排烟热损失减少1.2%,锅炉实测热效率比常规运行方式下的热效率提高2.5%以上;锅炉NOx排放量在120~150 t/h负荷下为627~768 mg/m3。     

煤在加压流化床富氧燃烧条件下的碳转化规律

在15 kW加压流化床富氧燃烧实验台上,进行了内蒙古烟煤在850～900℃下的加压富氧燃烧实验,研究了压力为0. 1～0. 4 MPa、空气和21%～30%氧浓度的O_2/CO_2气氛下燃烧的碳转化规律.研究结果表明:稳态富氧燃烧条件下,加压流化床富氧燃烧实验台干烟气中CO_2浓度均超过90%.提高燃烧压力有利于提高碳转化率和CO_2生成率,有利于降低CO生成率.在压力0. 1～0. 3 M Pa范围内,CO_2生成率随着压力的增加基本呈线性递增关系,从85%左右增加到93%左右.进一步增加压力,CO_2生成率逐渐趋于平稳,并保持在较高水平.在压力为0. 4 MPa条件下,CO_2生成率增加到95%左右.提高O_2/CO_2气氛的氧浓度能够提高碳转化率和CO_2生成率,但是随着压力的提高,氧浓度对碳转化率和CO_2生成率的影响减小.     

富氧燃烧对220 t/h燃气锅炉性能的影响分析

为了合理利用现有资源有效提高燃气锅炉低负荷运行的稳定性以某钢铁集团220 t/h燃气锅炉为试验对象提出了富氧燃烧改善燃气锅炉燃烧的思想并利用炉内换热模型论证了改善低负荷稳定燃烧的可行性。详细分析了富氧燃烧对炉膛烟温特性、燃烧稳定性能、烟气在炉内停留时间以及锅炉热效率的影响。结果表明：富氧燃烧技术能较好地改善锅炉的整体性能。     

混烧锅炉富氧燃烧的数值模拟

富氧燃烧会对煤粉和高炉煤气混烧锅炉炉内的燃烧特性产生重要影响.以130 t/h煤粉和高炉煤气混烧锅炉为研究对象,采用Fluent流体力学软件,对助燃气体(O2/N2)在3种不同氧气体积百分数(21％,23％,27％)工况下煤粉和高炉煤气混烧锅炉炉内的燃烧过程进行数值模拟.模拟得到3种工况下:炉内的温度场分布,烟气流场特性,火焰长度.模拟结果表明:随着氧气浓度的增加,燃料着火速度更快,燃烧更稳定,出口烟温逐渐降低,炉内烟气流速逐渐减少,强化了炉内传热效果,提高了锅炉热效率.     

煤颗粒固定床加压富氧燃烧特性及污染物生成试验研究

为研究煤加压富氧燃烧及其污染物生成特性,建立了加压水平管式炉富氧燃烧实验系统.以山西浑源烟煤为实验原料,探究了不同燃烧压力(0.1～0.9 MPa)和不同气氛(空气以及O_2浓度分别为21%,26%,31%,36%,41%的O_2/CO_2气氛)对煤加压富氧燃烧过程的燃烧特性以及污染物生成的影响.结果显示,与空气燃烧相比,O_2/CO_2气氛下煤燃烧时间增加;随着O_2浓度的增加,煤燃烧时间缩短;升高反应压力,煤燃烧速率增大且增幅逐渐减小;随着反应压力的提高NO_x生成量逐渐减少,O_2/CO_2气氛下NO_x生成量小于空气气氛下NO_x生成量,随着O_2浓度增加,NO_x生成量增加;压力升高导致SO_2生成量明显减少,O_2/CO_2气氛下SO_2生成量小于空气气氛下SO_2生成量,SO_2生成量随着O_2浓度增加而增多.     

关于低过剩空气系数燃烧控制的节能效果

本文从工业锅炉排放烟气量影响锅炉热损失的观点出发，分析研究有关降低过剩空气量燃烧，以减少排烟热损失，从而降低燃烧消耗量，以及提高锅炉热效率一类问题。采用低过剩空气系数燃烧控制系统，以及有氧量修正的控制方案，是当前提倡经济燃烧，实现节能的方向。     

增压锅炉烟气发生器燃烧过程中NOx的数值模拟

对增压锅炉烟气发生器设计结构方案的燃烧流场应用商业程序FLUENT进行了数值模拟.在NO生成模型中,考虑了"热力" NO及"瞬发" NO的生成,模拟了不同过量空气系数和不同负荷工况下的燃烧流场,分析了过量空气系数、压力、温度对燃烧室内NOx生成特性的影响.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-