近似模型方法在螺旋桨优化设计中的应用

为了提高螺旋桨优化设计的质量和效率,将试验设计方法、近似模型和粒子群算法相结合,建立了基于近似模型的螺旋桨优化设计的方法.首先,以螺旋桨的几何参数为设计变量和以推力系数与效率为目标函数,引入试验设计的方法对整个设计空间采样,采用定常面元法预报程序计算出样本螺旋桨的水动力性能.其次,根据采样得到的样本库建立螺旋桨几何参数和水动力性能之间的克里格近似模型.最后,结合该近似模型和粒子群算法对螺旋桨的多目标优化设计.以P4382桨和Ka0.5导管桨为例,验证近似方法应用于螺旋桨优化设计的可行性.结果表明:近似模型方法能够实现目标桨的推力系数和效率的提高,而且优化速度快.     

船用螺旋桨优化设计与参数分析

为了提高螺旋桨优化设计的质量和效率,克服传统优化设计方法依赖经验和难以获得理论上最佳设计方案的不足,以KP505桨为例,将试验设计方法、椭圆基(EBF)神经网络近似模型和遗传算法相结合,提出了基于神经网络近似模型的螺旋桨优化设计方法.用试验设计方法为神经网络近似模型的建立提供足量且高质量的训练样本,用神经网络近似模型替代面元法进行螺旋桨水动力性能计算,用遗传算法帮助设计者在设计空间内获得最佳设计方案.结果表明:该优化方法能够同时实现螺旋桨扭矩系数的降低和螺旋桨效率的提高,比面元法设计结果的解集范围更广,优化过程耗费的时间大幅度缩减.     

一种超体积准则多目标遗传算法的螺旋桨叶片优化方法

为改善螺旋桨叶片敞水效率,用结合超体积准则的多目标遗传算法优化螺旋桨桨型设计.优化过程中,桨叶形状用B样条曲线拟合,利用面元法建立桨型性能模型.将计算螺旋桨升力和阻力转化为降低阻升比、桨型面积差和压力方差三个优化目标,得到优化后的螺旋桨剖面形状,并将优化前后的螺旋桨进行流体分析.结果表明,超体积准则结合多目标遗传算法进行螺旋桨叶片优化是有效的.优化后的桨型在面积差变化较小的情况下三个目标均有明显改进,螺旋桨水动力性能达到预期目标,敞水效率提升12%.     

基于纵倾与侧斜的螺旋桨优化设计

螺旋桨的特征参数之间相互制约、影响,共同决定着螺旋桨的水动力、空泡以及振动等性能。本文以粒子群算法为工具,基于面元法理论,以4382型螺旋桨为模型桨,以侧斜、纵倾为优化变量对其进行优化设计。侧斜和纵倾采用贝塞尔曲线拟合方式进行综合考虑,以螺旋桨的效率为优化目标,对原桨及优化桨进行水动力性能分析。优化后桨叶的效率提高,压力分布得到改善,很好的抑制了空泡的发生。     

水平轴潮流能水轮机的流固耦合分析

叶轮作为潮流能水轮机捕能的关键部件,其水动力性能以及结构性能会影响水轮机的捕能效果及其结构的安全性。本文以30 W的小型水平轴潮流能水轮机为例,分别基于单向流固耦合和双向流固耦合模型对在设计工况下的叶轮水动力性能与结构性能进行了稳态分析,对比研究了两种耦合模型所得到的叶轮捕能系数、叶轮表面压力分布等水动力性能和叶轮应力分布等结构性能,为进一步对叶轮结构优化提供参考依据。     

桨叶变形对复合材料桨水动力性能影响

采用面元法与有限元法相结合的方法,对复合材料螺旋桨桨叶变形与水动力性能之间的关系进行了研究.利用基于速度势的低阶面元法对螺旋桨的受力特点进行分析,在此基础上给出复合材料螺旋桨性能提升的原理性说明;假设厚度分布与拱度分布不发生变化,推导了桨叶变形后螺旋桨几何参数的数学表达式;以某型螺旋桨为对象,利用建立的流固耦合算法,研究了复合材料螺旋桨桨叶变形特性及变形对水动力性能的影响,并给出了螺旋桨在不同工况下的最佳几何形状.研究表明:螺旋桨在不同工况下均具有最佳几何形状,相比于刚性桨,处于最佳形状的螺旋桨其效率均有提升,离设计工况点越远效率提升越明显.     

基于响应面模型和多目标遗传算法的动车组水箱优化设计

以获取动车组水箱最佳结构参数组合为目的,结合双向流固耦合分析,采用拉丁超立方抽样生成试验设计样本点,构建了动车组水箱的响应面近似模型,通过拟合优度验证了该响应面的准确性。最后运用多目标遗传算法寻找水箱结构参数优化设计的Pareto最优解前沿,以此提出优化策略。研究结果表明,基于响应面模型和多目标遗传算法的动车组水箱优化方法,有效克服了水箱结构总体性能方案设计时重复性和经验依赖的缺点,可为决策者进行目标权衡提供充分依据,为其他复杂模型的设计优化问题提供设计参考及解决方案。     

复合材料螺旋桨非定常流固耦合特性数值分析

针对船用复合材料螺旋桨在非均匀流中的水弹性问题,采用雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯方法(RANS)和有限元方法(FEM)分别求解螺旋桨流场和结构场,并结合滑移网格和动网格技术,建立了船用复合材料螺旋桨双向瞬态流固耦合计算方法.以DTMB4381桨为对象,采用ANSYS ACP构建复合材料桨有限元模型,计算了正交各向异性碳纤维复合材料(CFP)桨在均匀流场和非均匀流场中的水动力性能和结构响应.研究表明:CFP桨的流固耦合效应较小,在均匀流中具有与刚性桨基本相当的水动力性能;CFP桨在非均匀流中桨叶结构响应(位移、速度和加速度)在高伴流区域、叶梢和导边区域较大,变化也更为剧烈.     

螺旋桨CFD不确定度及叶形对桨叶变形的影响

为了研究螺旋桨在水动力作用下的变形特性,通过计算流体力学(CFD)理论,结合雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程并选用SSTk-ω湍流模型对438X系列螺旋桨的敞水性能进行数值模拟;针对4381螺旋桨设计了3套网格,并进行了螺旋桨敞水性能的不确定度分析;将CFD软件计算与有限元法求解相耦合,计算所得水动力载荷通过插值技术传递给螺旋桨,以分析桨叶应力分布及其叶梢处的变形情况.结果表明,在水动力载荷作用下,复合材料螺旋桨桨叶将产生明显变形,且不同螺旋桨所产生的侧斜和纵倾等均不同,在复合材料螺旋桨的设计和流-固耦合计算中必须加以考虑.     

一种对船桨干扰问题的黏势流耦合求解方法

基于黏性流计算流体力学(CFD)及势流理论,建立了一种黏流雷诺平均方程/面元法耦合迭代求解方法,对船桨相互作用问题进行了数值模拟.自由面的船体绕流场模拟应用CFD黏流方法,螺旋桨水动力载荷计算采用势流面元法.在黏性流场模拟中得到桨盘面处的总速度分布,减去螺旋桨诱导速度得到实效伴流速度并作为势流计算速度进口条件,螺旋桨效应以体积力的形式在黏性流场中体现.计算值与试验值的对比结果表明,黏势流耦合迭代求解方法能较好地预报船桨干扰问题,且较全域船桨离散化网格CFD求解船桨干扰的方法,计算量大为减少.该方法充分融合了黏势流方法的优点,既能计及黏性效应又能发挥势流快速准确的优势,能够拓展应用于船体及螺旋桨性能预报及设计优化的研究.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.