改进Camshift算法的DSP硬件实现目标跟踪方法

针对Camshift算法只对前一帧预测而导致的目标像素脱靶现象,以及目标像素在帧间位移较大的问题,本文提出一种改进Camshift算法的目标跟踪方法.该算法将加权背景直方图和贪心算法融入Camshift算法,利用贪心算法对前两帧图像信息进行处理,预测出目标在当前帧图像中的位置,再根据目标颜色概率,用Camshift算法找到目标的真实位置,最后在TMS320DM642(数字媒体应用的定点DSP)上对该文算法进行硬件系统的实现,并使用EDMA(增强型直接内存访问)方式和Cache技术对系统进行优化.实验结果表明,与传统Camshift算法相比,该文方法在背景与目标相近的情况下跟踪效果更佳,具有很好的鲁棒性和稳定性,适用于复杂环境下的目标跟踪.在系统实现上,优化后的系统平均帧率提升在3帧/s以上,增强了算法的速度.     

复杂背景下的红外小目标图像信息提取

针对红外小目标跟踪测试系统的目标检测、识别和跟踪,存在着目标面积小、形态特征弱化、背景图像复杂等因素而影响目标信息提取的问题,提出了利用图像处理技术方法,对跟踪系统获取的图像进行改善处理.根据跟踪测试原理和复杂背景目标图像特征,研究了基于低通滤 波法的目标图像的预处理算法,目标图像增强,目标图像与背景分离和Sobel边缘检测算法等图像处理技术,从而对红外小目标图像定位.实验结果表明:所采取的图像处理方法可以对复杂背景下的目标信息提取,结合跟踪系统的控制机制,现实远程目标的动态跟踪.     

一种结合颜色纹理直方图的改进型Camshift目标跟踪算法

针对背景中存在颜色相近目标或目标被遮挡时Camshift算法跟踪失败的问题,提出了一种改进的Camshift目标跟踪算法。首先,改进算法模型直方图的计算选用颜色和纹理相融合的直方图概率分布,解决了Camshift算法只使用单一的颜色模型、很难适应物体大范围运动造成的背景变化或遮挡的不足;其次,图像权值采用目标模型与目标候选模型特征概率之比的平方根来计算,并用权值进一步估计目标的位置和方向,克服了原始Camshift算法中图像权值仅依靠目标模型计算的不足,大大减少了背景特征对跟踪的影响;最后,利用粒子滤波对运动目标状态进行估计,以克服目标运动引起的遮挡、交错或重叠,进而提高目标位置跟踪精度。实验结果表明,改进算法的平均每帧成功率达到50%以上,平均中心位置误差低于20%。改进算法能有效改善目标跟踪性能,从而实现目标跟踪的有效性、准确性。     

基于Kalman 滤波的Camshift 运动跟踪算法

提出将Camshift与Kalman滤波相结合的方法.首先,通过二次搜索来调整搜索窗口的位置和大小,保证Camshift跟踪的可靠性;然后,在Camshift算法的基础上,通过卡尔曼滤波对搜索窗口进行运动预测,保证实时跟踪.实验结果表明,在图像背景复杂且目标不规则运动的情形下,采用此方法仍能有效地跟踪到目标.在真实视频数据上的实验结果表明该方法具有很好的应用前景.     

基于深度特征与抗遮挡策略的运动目标跟踪

为了进一步提高复杂场景下的目标跟踪精度与鲁棒性,本文提出了基于深度特征与抗遮挡策略的运动目标跟踪算法,首先利用深层卷积神经网络提取出目标的深度卷积特征以代替传统的手工特征,然后将深度卷积特征融入传统的核相关滤波跟踪框架,充分利用深度特征描述能力强和相关滤波算法跟踪效率高的优势,同时采用高置信度抗遮挡更新策略来更新滤波器,利用融合特征训练尺度相关滤波器,以便更加精准预测目标的位置,提高算法抗遮挡能力.论文对数据集OTB-100视频序列中有遮挡问题的序列进行了测试,并与Deep STRCF、DSST、SRDCF、COT和ECO等算法进行比较,实验结果表明,本文所提算法在目标尺度变化、背景干扰和遮挡等复杂背景下具有更高的跟踪精度与成功率,跟踪效果最佳.     

基于粒子滤波与改进GVF Snake的人手跟踪算法

为实现在复杂背景下对人手进行准确、快速的位置跟踪与轮廓跟踪,并针对粒子滤波无法获取人手目标的准确信息与人手深凹区域获取难的问题,提出一种基于肤色自适应梯度矢量流主动轮廓(Gradient Vector Flow Snake,GVF Snake)模型的粒子滤波算法实现人手跟踪.该算法首先对粒子滤波得到的人手区域进行肤色灰度增强,弱化背景梯度信息,然后对该区域利用引入自适应梯度矢量流场和肤色自适应外部引导力的GVF Snake模型,获取人手的真实轮廓以及准确的系统观测和系统状态,减少了粒子退化的可能,完成了更加准确的位置跟踪.实验表明:在复杂、运动背景甚至大范围遮挡的情况下,该改进算法获得了更加准确的人手轮廓,同时对人手跟踪的实时性提升了13%,均方根误差降低了48%.     

融合Kinect与GVF Snake的手势轮廓提取方法

针对Kinect相机在人体骨骼点采集时无法获取手势信息的不足,提出一种融合Kinect和GVF Snake的手势轮廓提取算法,可以提取出完整清晰的手势轮廓。此算法利用Kinect相机在人体信息采集中的优势,获取深度图像,定位手掌点与手腕点,由这两点计算手的旋转修正角度。以手掌点向外做八向搜索获取手掌包围盒切分出手区域。最后在包围盒上放置Snake初始轮廓线,通过GVF Snake模型迭代搜索,获取目标准确完整边界。对于深度图像在边缘数据急剧变化时出现的抖动、凹陷等缺点,选择先构建轮廓线再收敛的GVF Snake算法保证手势轮廓完整平滑。实验结果表明,该方法能够自动放置GVF Snake初始轮廓,准确跟踪手位置、精确收敛到手势轮廓,抗噪效果明显。     

基于在线分级特征选择机制的目标跟踪算法

为了提高在复杂背景、光照突变等因素干扰下视频序列目标跟踪算法的鲁棒性,提出了一种新的基于在线目标特征选择机制的跟踪算法。利用目标颜色信息和梯度方向直方图构造目标特征空间,用G auss混合模型对目标特征集建模,分级选择机制在目标特征集中依据最大化信噪比准则选择最优的特征子集,生成概率权重图像。利用概率权重图像构造观测似然函数,在粒子滤波的框架下,实现目标的跟踪。实验结果表明:该算法可以有效地克服目标旋转、背景复杂、光照突变等因素的干扰。     

基于Mean Shift的视频图像检测与跟踪

在复杂背景的视频图像中,实时、准确、连续、长距离的跟踪以人为对象的目标,是一件很困难的任务。人体对象在跟踪目标图像位置的变化时,一直随着姿态的变化而改变,因此这是一个非常典型的非刚体目标,对这类目标采用简单的模板匹配的方法进行目标跟踪,无法达到准确的跟踪。均值漂移（Mean Shift）是现今最受欢迎的对象跟踪方法之一,广泛的运用于人脸的跟踪,文章提出了一种基于均值漂移算法的复杂背景视频图像检测与跟踪算法。在运动目标跟踪中,提出了以直方图为模式特征,以均值漂移算法为核心算法的目标跟踪算法,通过实验表明该跟踪算法能对候选目标进行运动检测,完成实时跟踪,同时有效抑制了局部遮挡、背景混乱等,过滤了伪目标,保证了跟踪的可靠性。     

基于在线分级特征选择机制的目标跟踪算法

为了提高在复杂背景、光照突变等因素干扰下视频序列目标跟踪算法的鲁棒性,提出了一种新的基于在线目标特征选择机制的跟踪算法。利用目标颜色信息和梯度方向直方图构造目标特征空间,用Gauss混合模型对目标特征集建模,分级选择机制在目标特征集中依据最大化信噪比准则选择最优的特征子集,生成概率权重图像。利用概率权重图像构造观测似然函数,在粒子滤波的框架下,实现目标的跟踪。实验结果表明:该算法可以有效地克服目标旋转、背景复杂、光照突变等因素的干扰。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to