利用龙岩膨润土合成4A分子筛试验研究

以福建龙岩某地钙基膨润土为原料,通过提纯、酸化、碱化、成胶、晶化这一工艺过程合成4A分子筛,探讨不同的酸化浓度、酸化时间和液固比对合成4A分子筛的影响.     

利用磷肥生产废弃物制备纳米4A分子筛

以磷肥生产废弃物含氟硅胶为原料,采用水热法制备了纳米4A分子筛.考察了陈化时间、晶化时间和晶化温度对4A分子筛制备的影响.实验结果表明,陈化时间为6h、晶化温度95℃,晶化4h时,可获得粒径40～50 nm的纳米4A分子筛.每克4A分子筛的钙离子交换容量为330 mg CaCO3,白度为97％,完全满足洗涤助剂的要求.     

利用粉煤灰合成4A沸石分子筛的研究

以粉煤灰(coal fly ash,CFA)为原料,采用碱熔融-水热法合成4A沸石分子筛,系统研究了碱熔温度、碱度、陈化时间、晶化温度和晶化时间对合成4A分子筛的影响。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品的结构、组成和形貌进行了表征。研究结果表明,无需外加硅铝组分,通过控制合成条件,可对产品结构进行调控。在粉煤灰与氢氧化钠质量比为1∶1.2,碱熔温度850℃,NaOH浓度2.14mol/L,陈化时间6h,晶化温度90℃,晶化时间12h的条件下,用粉煤灰成功合成了晶相单一且晶型完整的4A沸石分子筛。     

合成条件对Silicalite-1沸石分子筛形貌的影响

以TPAOH为模板剂,TEOS为硅源,采用水热合成法制备Silicalite-1沸石分子筛。通过改变晶化方式、晶化温度、晶化时间、模板剂用量及乙醇用量等合成参数,调变分子筛的形貌。SEM和XRD检测结果表明,采用油浴晶化所得的Silicalite-1沸石分子筛比采用烘箱晶化所得沸石分子筛中的孪晶含量少;合成液中较低的模板剂、乙醇含量,较高的晶化温度,较短的晶化时间都有利于合成含较少孪晶的Silicalite-1分子筛。     

煤矸石制备PFASS及其在废水处理中应用

针对煤矸石制备无机混凝剂的问题,采用正交实验法得出了在煤矸石制备聚合硅酸硫酸铁铝(PFASS)过程中用酸浸取铝和用碱提取硅的最佳反应条件,即最佳酸浸条件为:酸浸时间(A)为1．5h,NaCl助溶剂与煤矸石的质量比(B)为0．05:1,固液比(C)为1:10;最佳碱浸条件为:碱浸时间为2 h,碱液浓度为5mol／L,固液比为1:10。并采用单因素实验法分别讨论了混凝剂的碱化度、废水pH值、混凝时间、混凝剂投加量等参数对废水处理效果的影响,实验证明:采用本工艺生产的PFASS,水处理效果好,COD的平均去除率为45％左右,脱色率也在85％以上。     

1,8-辛二胺作为结构导向剂合成ZSM-11分子筛

ZSM-11是重要的固体酸催化剂,在石油化工领域应用广泛,因此,ZSM-11的高效合成备受关注.采用1,8-辛二胺(DAOT)作为结构导向剂,用水热法在较宽范围内成功地合成了不含ZSM-5杂晶的ZSM-11分子筛.研究了水平转速、晶化温度、晶化时间以及硅铝比对ZSM-11分子筛制备的影响.在不同的合成条件下,得到了不同的晶体尺寸、形貌以及不同结晶度的ZSM-11分子筛.样品晶粒通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)进行表征.研究拓展了ZSM-11的高效合成方法,得到了ZSM-11分子筛的最佳合成条件为水平转速50r/min,160℃晶化48h.     

由煤系高岭土原位合成NaY分子筛

以煤系高岭土为原料 ,经碱熔活化、补硅 ,在优化的合成条件下 ,可以原位水热合成NaY分子筛。详细考察了晶化温度、晶化时间、加水量、老化时间和合成体系中硅铝比等反应因子对合成产物的结构和热稳定性的影响。得出的最佳反应条件如下 :合成体系中硅铝经为 2 ,晶化温度 370K、晶化时间 10h、老化时间 12h、加水量 4 0～ 6 0mL。其中 ,晶化温度和加水量是影响结晶产物物理结构性能的主要因素。采用XRD、IR、N2 静态容量吸附法、DTA DTG等手段对结晶产物的晶态结构、比表面积及孔分布、热稳定性等进行了表征。结果表明 ,以高岭土为原料可以原位合成出结晶度较高、无杂晶的NaY分子筛。所得分子筛比表面积较高 (42 0m2 /g) ,孔径分布集中 (集中在 0 .6nm) ,热稳定性好。     

偏高岭土基磷酸硅铝分子筛合成及其催化性能研究

以偏高岭土兼作Al、Si源,H3PO4作磷源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵－三乙醇胺为复合模板剂,采用分段晶化的方法制备磷酸硅铝分子筛。利用X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜、XPS及NH3-TPD等手段对产物进行了表征。实验结果表明：产物为柱状的磷酸硅铝分子筛,其晶粒尺寸大约为20 μm×5 μm×5 μm,其晶体结构中P:Al:Si＝1:1.19:0.67（摩尔比）,硅含量较高;采用分段晶化方式制备的SAPO-5分子筛的总酸量为578.0 μmol/g高于一段晶化方式制备的SAPO-5分子筛的总酸量;采用分段晶化生成的SAPO-5分子筛的催化正丁烷异构化反应初始活性可达到24.8 %,远高于一段晶化制备的SAPO-5分子筛的初始活性14.1 %。     

二次铝灰制备α-Al_2O_3工艺

探索了以二次铝灰为原料,通过低温碱性熔炼—浸出—晶种分解制备α--Al2O3工艺.研究了碱灰比、盐灰比、熔炼温度、熔炼时间、浸出温度、浸出时间和固液比等因素对铝及硅浸出率的影响.探讨了使用晶种分解法处理浸出液制取氧化铝的工艺的可行性.结果表明:优化制备条件为碱灰比1.3,盐灰比0.7,熔炼温度500℃,熔炼时间60 min,浸出温度60℃,浸出时间30 min,固液比1∶4;铝浸出率最高可达92.71%;晶种分解法处理浸出液的后续工艺可行有效.     

A型分子筛/活性炭纤维复合材料的制备与吸附性能研究

为获得一种具有高效吸附性能的微孔吸附材料,以黏胶基活性炭纤维为基材,采用溶胶-凝胶水热合成法制备了A型分子筛/活性炭纤维复合材料。通过XRD、SEM、N2吸附等测试方法对该材料的晶体结构、形貌和孔隙结构进行表征,通过复合材料对低浓度二氯甲烷气体的吸附研究,系统考察了晶化温度和晶化时间对复合材料吸附性能的影响。结果表明:与活性炭纤维基材相比,分子筛/活性炭纤维复合材料的吸附性能有所提高。晶化温度和晶化时间对复合材料的吸附性能影响显著,当晶化温度为100℃、晶化时间为6h时,复合材料对二氯甲烷表现出最佳吸附性能。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-