贯流风机气动噪声数值预估

通过精细求解二维非定常Reynolds平均的Navier-Stokes方程,数值模拟了贯流风机内部的复杂流场。随后从流场的数值结果中提取出叶片、涡墙和后墙的脉动压力作为声源,进行声场计算。以声学中的Ffowcs Williams-Hawk-ings(FW-H)方程作为出发方程,数值求解贯流风机的噪声场。计算结果表明在贯流风机中,后墙的压力脉动与涡墙的压力脉动是主要的噪声源。该文的数值预估不仅在贯流风机的总体气动性能上与实验测试结果吻合,同时气动噪声场的预估结果也与实验测试结果吻合良好。     

贯流风机结构参数及工作特性的关联

利用计算流体力学方法对贯流风机内部气体流动进行了数值模拟，研究了贯流风机的流动状态和结构参数变化对其产生的影响．分析了蜗舌间隙、进口角、蜗壳间隙、蜗舌位置角、出口角变化与贯流风机进、出口流速间的关系，从中寻找出结构参数变化对贯流风机流场影响的规律．通过计算分析，确定了不同工况下贯流风机进、出口角的最佳范围以及最佳蜗舌间隙的选取方法．将模拟计算结果与实验结果进行了比较．结果表明，数值模拟的结果与实验结果基本吻合．     

内凹式蜗舌对多翼离心风机气动性能和噪声影响的研究

针对吸油烟机用多翼离心风机设计了内凹弧形、内凹槽形2种内凹式蜗舌,采用实验测量和数值模拟方法研究了内凹式蜗舌对多翼离心风机气动性能和噪声的影响。与传统的原型蜗舌相比,采用内凹式蜗舌在风机出口压力和运行效率基本保持不变的情况下,叶轮出口气流对蜗舌的冲击强度减小,蜗舌处流场的逆压梯度降低,使得风机气动噪声下降。实验结果表明:与原风机相比,带有内凹弧形蜗舌和内凹槽形蜗舌的多翼离心风机的噪声分别下降了1.4dB和1.7dB;同时,由于内凹式蜗舌能够抑制流动分离,使风机出口处的有效流通面积增大,蜗舌附近区域的旋涡强度及其影响区域减小,从而增加了多翼离心风机的流量。     

利用CFD技术研究叶片斜度对贯流风机性能的影响

为了考察贯流风机多结构参数同时变化对其内部流场的影响,引出与多结构参数联系紧密的叶片斜度,文章利用CFD技术对不同叶片斜度的贯流风机进行非稳态数值模拟,考察流量系数、风机效率及总压系数的变化情况,并用焓差法风量实验验证模拟结果的正确性。结果表明,叶片斜度对风机性能影响显著,通过优化叶片斜度,可以使其流场内偏心涡移向蜗舌,进口段脱落涡减少,出口流速增大,风机性能得到提升。     

采用仿鱼形叶片的多翼离心风机性能研究

受鲹科鱼类机动游动姿态和涡流特征启发,设计了一种仿鲹科鱼体弯曲姿态的多翼离心风机用仿生叶片,采用数值模拟方法,分别研究了常规单圆弧原型叶片和仿鱼形叶片对多翼离心风机气动性能、噪声的影响。通过可视化分析发现,在仿鱼形叶片的叶道内,旋涡强度明显小于原型风机,流场分布更加均匀。仿鱼形叶片的采用有效降低了风机蜗舌处的压力脉动,减弱了叶片与蜗舌之间的非定常相互作用。风机气动噪声计算与分析结果表明,单圆弧原型叶片的风机噪声频率分布于低频声段和中频声段,而仿鱼形叶片的风机噪声频率主要集中在中频声段范围内,这表明两种风机的噪声频率分布规律和噪声传播路径不相同。数值计算结果表明,采用仿鱼形叶片的多翼离心风机气动性能明显得到改善,其中风量增加了12.5%,效率提升了5.65%,同时测点处噪声平均值下降了2.78dB。     

离心泵蜗舌区非定常流动特性

采用Navier-Stokes方程和RNG k-ε双方程湍流模型,对多工况下离心泵全流道进行了非定常流动数值模拟. 非定常计算得到的离心泵外特性与试验数据吻合较好. 在离心泵蜗舌区设置了3个监测点,计算得到了蜗舌区流体瞬态速度矢量分布,各监测点的压力、径向速度、周向速度的脉动时域特性,并对其进行了分析. 结果表明:设计工况下,蜗舌区流动比较均匀,压力和速度脉动幅度较小. 大流量工况下,在叶轮出口的射流-尾迹结构影响下,各监测点的压力和速度随叶片转动出现相应的峰值和谷值. 小流量工况下,蜗舌区内存在绕蜗舌顶端逆向流动、叶轮出口回流、蜗舌附近蜗型段内旋涡,使得流动非常复杂,流体压力和速度脉动幅度较大,压力最大值约为最小值6倍.      

仿鸮翼前缘蜗舌对多翼离心风机气动性能和噪声的影响

针对某多翼离心风机,受鸮类翅膀前缘结构的启发,设计了一种新型降噪结构——仿鸮翼前缘蜗舌。基于逆向工程方法,通过提取长耳鸮翅膀气动性能较好的40%翼展方向上的翅膀剖面型线,对风机蜗舌进行了仿生降噪重构设计,并分别对原型风机和仿生蜗舌风机的气动性能和噪声特性进行了数值模拟。研究结果显示,仿鸮翼前缘蜗舌风机的风量较原型风机增加了1.9m3/min,噪声下降了1.6dB,效率提高了3.8%,表明采用仿生蜗舌有效降低了气流对风机蜗舌的冲击作用,抑制了流动分离的发生,在蜗舌附近区域流场的逆压梯度明显减小,涡的结构、强度和分布都有所改变。     

管道泵压力脉动及振动的研究

为了研究管道泵内部的非定常压力脉动与振动的关系,采用商业软件对一比转速为221的管道泵进行内部全流场三维非定常数值模拟,计算得到不同流量工况下蜗壳内部及蜗舌附近区域的压力脉动特性.通过分析数值计算发现非设计工况下的压力脉动强度高于设计工况,蜗舌区域的压力脉动强度最大,叶片与蜗舌的动静干涉是产生压力脉动的主要原因;同时论证了压力脉动与蜗舌的螺旋角有关,非设计工况下的液流角与蜗舌螺旋角产生偏离,导致液流与蜗舌的强烈撞击.通过振动试验发现:非设计工况下的振动强度高于设计工况,叶频及其倍频是振动的主要激励频率,蜗舌附近区域的振动强度高于远离蜗舌区域,压力脉动的发展趋势与振动强度的发展趋势基本符合.这表明了压力脉动是管道泵产生振动的主要激励源.     

采用仿鸮翼叶片降低空调用离心风机气动噪声的研究

基于逆向工程设计方法,提取具有优良气动性能和低噪声特性的长耳鸮翅膀展向40%截面位置处的翼型进行仿生重构,并将其应用于窗式空调用离心风机叶片的叶型改进中。采用数值计算方法研究了仿鸮翼翼型叶片4种不同中弧线分布方式的降噪效果,对最优设计风机的气动性能和噪声进行了试验验证。与原型相比,仿生翼型叶片按照单圆弧中弧线分布设计的离心风机降噪效果最好,在风量基本保持不变的同时风机噪声下降了1.3dB。风机内部流动及其噪声特性的数值模拟结果表明:仿鸮翼叶片的应用可减少叶轮流道内的低速分离区域,有效抑制通道内旋涡流的产生和发展,同时减弱叶轮与蜗舌间周期性的非定常相互作用,降低叶片前缘区域和蜗舌区域的压力脉动,从而有效降低空调用离心风机产生的气动噪声。     

汽车空调系统离心风机气动噪声数值计算

将Lighthill方程转化为变分形式,考虑声传播在复杂固壁内的反射,折射等,利用有限元方法对某汽车空调系统离心风机气动噪声进行了数值计算.也采用积分方法对其气动噪声进行了计算,此方法采用自由空间格林函数,在求解远场声辐射问题时将其简化为自由空间问题.首先建立离心风机CFD计算网格,通过离散涡模拟计算了离心风机内部非定常流动,通过涡量云图、声功率云图及各处的压力波动曲线分析出主要噪声源为叶片压力面及蜗舌前后部;然后建立气动声学有限元计算模型,分为考虑蜗壳和不考虑蜗壳的情况,计算离心风机辐射噪声.有限元计算结果与积分法计算结果的对比表明:用格林函数的积分解法进行计算时,其所做的简化导致结果产生较大误差,气动声学的有限元计算方法与实际吻合较好.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.