hNIS转基因介导131碘对鼻咽癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的:克隆人的甲状腺钠/碘同向转运体(hNIS)基因,研究其转导在鼻咽癌细胞内的功能,以及131碘对鼻咽癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响.方法:利用逆转录和聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)从毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿(Graves病)病人的甲状腺组织中扩增得到hNIS的可编码区基因,并克隆到pcDNA3.1(+)-FLAG载体,获得重组真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1(+)-hNIS-FLAG.采用脂质体转染的方法,将pcDNA3.1(+)-hNIS-FLAG质粒导入到鼻咽癌细胞株CNE2,G418筛选得到稳定表达hNIS鼻咽癌细胞系CNE2-hNIS,体外培养条件下检测其对放射性碘的摄取和外流情况.CCK8试剂盒检测131碘对鼻咽癌细胞增殖的作用,AnnexinⅤ-FITC/PI双标记流式细胞技术(FCM)检测131碘作用后鼻咽癌细胞凋亡情况.结果:成功克隆hNIS基因,并建立能稳定表达hNIS的鼻咽癌细胞系CNE2-hNIS.CNE2-hNIS对125碘的吸收量比CNE2高约15倍,但在无碘的环境中,细胞内滞留的碘外流迅速,有效半衰期约8 min.131碘在72 h后对CNE2-hNIS的增殖产生抑制作用,细胞早期凋亡率增加,并随着131碘浓度的增加,作用逐渐增强(P<0.01).结论:从Graves病人的甲状腺组织中克隆的hNIS基因转染鼻咽癌细胞后,能使鼻咽癌细胞发挥高水平吸碘功能,131碘能够抑制转染hNIS的鼻咽癌细胞的增殖,促进细胞凋亡.     

siRNA干扰Survivin基因对结肠癌生物学特性影响

向结肠癌SW480细胞中导入针对Survivin基因的siRNA,研究RNA干扰对SW480细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,为结肠癌的基因治疗提供实验依据,同时寻求新的、有效的RNA干扰片段.设计3条特异性干扰靶向Survivin基因的siRNA,转染24,48,72h后,Western蛋白印迹法检测Survivin蛋白变化,同时噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞增殖.3条siRNA分别作用于SW480细胞,转染24,48,72h后,3组Survivin蛋白表达均出现下调(P<0.05),在48h时达到顶峰,抑制率分别为66.5%±2.1%,49.6%±2.8%和47.8%±3.1%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);MTT法显示Survivin基因沉默后,细胞增殖受到明显抑制.脂质体所介导的体外Survivin siRNA,能有效地沉默结肠癌细胞的Survivin基因,从而抑制结肠癌细胞的增殖和促进细胞的凋亡,特别是针对保守区域设计的靶向siRNA.干扰效果更为显著.     

Survivin基因沉默对鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞株恶性表型的影响

目的:探讨RNA干扰技术沉默Survivin基因对鼻咽癌细胞CNE-2恶性表型的影响.方法:设计、合成针对Survivin基因的干扰序列,并将干扰序列构建至pGCsi/U6/GFP载体,稳定转染CNE-2细胞;逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)、Western blot鉴定干扰效果;经四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法、流式细胞术、平板克隆形成实验分析沉默Survivin基因后,CNE-2细胞生长速度、细胞周期及恶性表型的改变.结果:沉默Survivin基因后,CNE-2细胞Survivin mRNA、蛋白质表达水平均明显下调;细胞生长速度下降,G1期细胞增多,S期细胞减少,克隆形成能力明显减弱.结论:Survivin基因在CNE-2细胞生长、细胞周期及恶性表型等方面都起着重要的作用.     

Survivin-siRNA真核重组质粒的构建及对前列腺癌DU145细胞增殖抑制作用

目的应用RNA干扰技术(RNAi),构建针对凋亡抑制因子survivin的siRNA,并检测其对DU145细胞增殖抑制的影响.方法构建重组质粒shRNA-sur1和shRNA-sur2并分别转染DU145细胞株,通过MTT法和流式细胞术观察其对细胞的增殖抑制作用及凋亡的影响.结果成功构建针对survivin干扰的两种真核表达质粒,转染72 h后,两个实验组细胞的生长速度分别是脂质体组的(37.2%±5.8%)(n=3)和(43.5%±7.2%)(n=3).流式细胞术发现:实验组细胞的G1期细胞比例明显高于对照组,而G2期和S期细胞比例减少,细胞出现凋亡,与脂质体组比较,两实验组细胞的凋亡率分别为(21.70%±6.45%),(14.835±5.65%).结论成功构建针对survivin siRNA的真核重组质粒,两种质粒体外均可抑制DU145增殖并诱导其凋亡,为survivin介导的肿瘤基因沉默提供良好的基础.     

正常人和AITD患者对碘致甲状腺细胞凋亡的不同敏感性

目的:探讨碘对体外培养的Grave s病(GD)、桥本氏甲状腺炎(HT)、正常人甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞(TEC)凋亡及相关蛋白表达的影响并明确正常人和自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(AITD)患者甲状腺细胞对碘的敏感性.方法:分离培养正常、GD和HT甲状腺细胞,给予不同浓度碘化钠(NaI)干预,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,免疫组化检测各组Fas/Fasl表达的水平;比较各组细胞对碘致凋亡和凋亡蛋白表达的敏感性.结果:NaI可以使正常、GD、HT患者甲状腺细胞凋亡率增加(P<0.05),并使相关的凋亡蛋白及基因Fas/Fasl表达增加,但HT和GD甲状腺细胞凋亡和Fas/Fasl表达率较正常甲状腺细胞增加更明显,以HT患者甲状腺细胞加高碘培养后凋亡更多(P<0.05).结论:与正常人相比,AITD患者对高碘导致的甲状腺细胞凋亡更敏感.     

PAK6基因沉默对前列腺癌细胞放疗敏感性研究

为探讨p21活化激酶6基因沉默对雄激素依赖性前列腺癌细胞株LNCa P细胞放疗敏感性的影响。采用利用蛋白质免疫印迹技术检测筛选出的靶向PAK6的sh RNA对LNCa P细胞中PAK6蛋白表达抑制情况。并以靶向PAK6的sh RNA转染LNCa P细胞,分别给予0、1、3、5Gy单次剂量放射治疗,观察放疗对PAK6基因沉默的前列腺癌细胞的抑制作用。用CCK-8法检测前列腺癌细胞的增殖活性;流式细胞仪测定其凋亡变化。结果显示,放疗能抑制前列腺癌细胞的增殖,增加其凋亡率;接受等剂量照射的PAK6基因沉默组前列腺癌细胞增殖减缓更明显,凋亡的肿瘤细胞显著增多。由此可知,PAK6基因沉默的前列腺癌细胞对放射治疗更敏感。     

紫杉醇对低分化鼻咽癌细胞株CNE-2生长凋亡的影响及Survivin mRNA的表达变化

目的:探讨紫杉醇对低分化的鼻咽癌细胞株CNE-2生长抑制率、凋亡的影响以及凋亡抑制基因Survivin的变化.方法:通过MTT法计算紫杉醇作用CNE-2细胞后的生长抑制率,通过流式细胞仪检测紫杉醇对CNE-2细胞凋亡及细胞周期的影响并应用One Step RT-PCR法检测Survivin mRNA表达的变化.结果:观察到CNE-2细胞对紫杉醇具有时间和剂量的依赖性.10-9～10-7 mol·L-1的紫杉醇作用后,随着时间的增加,细胞的凋亡率也明显增加.低浓度的紫杉醇(10-9～10-8 mol·L-1)作用细胞后,并没有出现G2/M期的累积.而当浓度达到10-7 mol·L-1作用24 h后便出现明显的G2/M期阻滞,但48 h后这种阻滞又出现下降.CNE-2细胞被高浓度的紫杉醇(10-7～10-6 mol·L-1)作用24 h后,Survivin mRNA的表达反而显著增加(P＜0.05),低浓度紫杉醇则对Survivin mRNA的表达无影响.10-7 mol·L-1紫杉醇作用CNE-2细胞后,Survivin mRNA表达明显增加并持续到48 h,72 h后则又降至对照组水平.结论:紫杉醇作用CNE-2细胞后可以出现早期明显的G2/M期累积,这种现象可能与Survivin基因表达上调有一定关系.     

靶向survivin基因的shRNA慢病毒载体的构建及其对膀胱癌EJ细胞凋亡的影响

目的:构建survivin基因特异性shRNA慢病毒干扰载体,转染膀胱癌EJ细胞,研究survivin基因在膀胱癌细胞株中的表达抑制情况,观察survivin shRNA慢病毒载体对EJ细胞凋亡的影响.方法:以survivin基因为靶标设计shRNA干扰序列,克隆至p SIH1-H1-cop GFP慢病毒载体.干扰载体鉴定正确后转染膀胱癌细胞株EJ细胞,荧光显微镜下观察GFP表达情况,实时荧光定量PCR检测survivin基因mRNA含量变化,Western blotting法检测survivin蛋白表达,Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法检测EJ细胞凋亡情况.结果:PCR扩增鉴定、DNA测序证实survivin慢病毒干扰载体构建成功;EJ细胞经干扰载体处理后,EJ细胞survivin基因mRNA水平下调了73.33%,蛋白表达受到显著抑制,EJ细胞凋亡率达到24.39%.结论:成功构建了靶向survivin基因的shRNA重组慢病毒干扰载体,可以显著降低转染细胞survivin基因的表达水平,并有效提高膀胱癌细胞凋亡率.     

KLF4沉默与阿霉素诱导的DNA损伤协同抑制肝癌HepG2细胞的生长

探究KLF4沉默与经不同作用浓度阿霉素处理诱导的DNA损伤对肝癌HepG2细胞增殖凋亡的影响及其作用机制.应用RNA干扰技术,采用siRNA转染HepG2细胞以沉默KLF4基因.采用MTT法检测KLF4沉默前后对HepG2细胞增殖的影响,使用流式细胞术检测KLF4沉默前后对HepG2细胞周期变化影响,应用Western blot法检测转染前后HepG2细胞中KLF4蛋白及细胞周期相关蛋白表达变化.Western blot检测到高浓度的阿霉素促进KLF4的表达,并且低浓度的阿霉素可使得细胞停滞在G2/M期,高浓度的阿霉素则使部分细胞凋亡(19.31%).将KLF4沉默后,发现细胞生长变缓,低浓度的阿霉素处理后,细胞随时间增加而出现更多的细胞凋亡;高浓度的阿霉素处理后,细胞数明显减少,更多的细胞发生凋亡(28.89%),且在KLF4沉默前后均发现低浓度阿霉素促进p53与p21表达,高浓度阿霉素抑制其表达.阿霉素诱导的DNA损伤可提高KLF4的表达,KLF4依赖于DNA损伤激活的p53促进p21的表达,进而引起G1/S期细胞周期阻滞.沉默KLF4与阿霉素诱导的DNA损伤可协同抑制肝癌细胞的增殖、促进凋亡,其在肝癌细胞 HepG2中扮演十分重要的角色.     

在Hep G2细胞中利用siRNA沉默GFP基因的实验探讨

目的:通过探讨小分子双链RNA(siRNA)通过RNA干扰(RNAi)机制沉默肝癌细胞株Hep G2荧光素报告基因GFP的各项生物学指标,为进一步实验和临床研究提供依据.方法:通过体外实验,对siRNA和siRNA脂质体的稳定性和细胞毒性进行评估;通过荧光标记技术,研究不同时间siRNA脂质体的转染效率;通过荧光显微镜下观察转染细胞和RT-PCR检测靶基因mRNA表达,确定不同种类、形式、剂量的siRNA对靶基因的沉默效能.结果:在空白培养液中,siRNA和siRNA脂质体可稳定至4h,在5%血清中2～4h后明显降解;100nM的siRNA和siRNA脂质体无明显细胞毒性;siRNA脂质体转染细胞株的效率随时间不同而不同,4h可达90%;非特异性siRNA/脂质体无沉默靶基因表达作用,特异性siRNA/脂质体对靶基因的沉默作用在一定范围内随剂量升高(20nM、50nM、100nM)而升高.结论:siRNA的稳定性可满足实验需要,且无明显细胞毒性,特异性siRNA转染肝癌细胞株能有效抑制靶基因表达,用脂质体转染可提高转染效率.siRNA通过RNAi机制沉默靶基因表达,为肿瘤的治疗和基础研究提供了新的工具和思路.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.