海西-印支期中国南方的盆地演化与层序格架

加里东运动以后,扬子和华夏陆块拼合成统一的华南板块.自早泥盆世至中二叠世茅口期,华南板块和西边的三江构造区开始了以伸展作用为主的海西运动,中国南方的沉积、构造演化具有被动大陆边缘的性质,盆地类型则从陆内裂陷盆地演变为被动陆缘裂陷盆地.以东吴运动为标志,中国南方开始了印支运动,其板块活动转变为活动大陆边缘,进入到弧后盆地和前陆盆地阶段.因此,海西-印支运动构成了一个完整的构造旋回.据此,将海西-印支旋回划归为一个一级层序,再根据不同时期,盆地所处的演化阶段和盆地类型的差异,划分为6个二级层序.其中,二级层序SS1～SS5反映了海西期中国南方从陆内裂陷盆地到被动陆缘裂陷盆地所经历的初始拉张-拉张发展-停滞-成熟的全过程,而二级层序SS6却反映了印支运动早期弧后盆地和前陆盆地的形成发展历程.     

海西-印支期华南板块的沉积特点

华南板块在海西—印支期的沉积演化,可以分为从发展到消亡的五个亚阶段,并和海平面相对升降的Ⅱ级旋回相当,早晚二叠世间的东吴运动是这个阶段由发生到衰亡的转折点。这个阶段沉积盆地的展布特点,是两个克拉通盆地夹持一个北东向的伸展盆地以及边缘盆地。次稳定的伸展盆地,是沿着加里东期两个古老陆块的拼合边界由南而北发展起来的,在其发展过程中,江－绍断裂的走滑作用起了重要作用。西部的扬子克拉通盆地以碳酸盐沉积为主,东部的华夏克拉通盆地以陆源碎屑沉积为主,其间的伸展盆地及边缘盆地,则以硅－泥质为主的欠补偿的深水沉积为主,浊积岩及基性火山岩也较发育。这些特点说明,这一阶段的沉积作用是在伸展应力环境下形成的,其特点与加里东期十分近似,也说明加里东运动没有使华南板块进入相对稳定的发展阶段,直到印支运动后才真正开始其新的发展时期。因此,手风琴式开合或多旋回复合造山的观点,也许是很有意义的。     

泛华夏大陆群东南缘多岛弧盆系统

从多岛弧盆体系理论研究思路出发，认为中国华南地区在晚元古代至加里东期，应是由泛华夏大陆群东南缘的多岛弧盆体系组成部分。泛华夏大陆群东南缘多岛弧盆系统从东南向西北由渐闽一云开岛弧、闽粤弧后盆地、武夷山岛弧、湘桂弧后盆地、江南岛弧、雪峰山前陆隆起第几部分组成。它是在古太平洋板块与泛华夏大陆群碰撞与缝合过程中，通过弧－弧、弧－陆、陆－陆碰撞，向前陆盆地演变的持续过程中所形成的。     

南盘江坳陷泥盆系层序地层格架及古地理环境

南盘江坳陷泥盆系划分为18个三级层序,下、中、上泥盆统分别包括7、5、6个三级层序,平均每个层序延续时限为2.87Ma。按界面性质可将三级层序划分为10个Ⅰ型层序,8个Ⅱ型层序。上述18个三级层序构成二个超层序（二级层序）。盆地腹部泥盆系层序发育齐全,而靠近继承性古陆边缘或沉积高地的浅水区则通常缺失下部1～4层序或顶部17～18层序,并具有自南部钦防海槽向中部右江地区和北部扬子古陆南缘,底部缺失层序增多的趋势。SS1低水位时期形成六盘水—南丹、曲靖—开远两个次级陆源碎屑浅海盆地,滇东曲靖—宜良一带为河—湖环境,而钦防海槽则为次深海海槽环境。海进时期,南盘江坳陷初步形成台—盆相间格局。高水位时期,盆地古地理环境分异较大,边缘形成三角洲环境、滨浅海环境及碳酸盐岩潮坪—泻湖环境;内部发育混积台地、盆地环境。台—盆相间的古地理格局进一步明显。SS2沉积时期,滇东北及黔中南地区形成碳酸盐岩台地;广西地区呈现出台—盆相间格局,常见生物礁及礁前塌积;钦防海槽则演化成统一的陆内裂谷盆地。在SS2沉积未期,滇东北、黔中南地区演化为广泛分布的局限台地。     

四川盆地绵阳地区西富顺场构造油气资源预测与勘探建议

富顺场构造所处的大地构造位置为川北古中拗陷低缓褶皱带东斜坡。在川北古中拗陷的西北侧为龙门山推覆构造带,东北为米仓山构造带。区内沉积构造经历了加里东～海西期的克拉通盆地、印支早期的被动大陆边缘、印支中期以后的前陆盆地演化阶段。该区资源可靠、构造基本落实、生出盖组合好、海相陆相兼备,三叠、侏罗系有多套储层,深浅同有、原生、次生并存,具有丰富的勘探开发价值。     

孟加拉湾西侧盆地群油气地质特征与勘探潜力

通过对孟加拉湾西侧盆地群的板块构造演化、地层层序发育、烃源岩-储层-盖层等石油地质要素开展详细
分析,可知该盆地群先后经历了前裂谷期、裂谷期、后裂谷期等3 个板块构造演化阶段,并在后期随着南亚大陆的整体
向北漂移演变为被动大陆边缘盆地群。根据区域板块演化与地层发育特征,可将该盆地群的地层划分为前裂谷、裂谷
和后裂谷3 套巨层序,在各个巨层序内部能够识别出7 个三级层序、6 套成藏组合。从该被动大陆边缘盆地群的油气
地质特征可知,深层的前裂谷巨层序内部二叠系- 三叠系河道砂岩、裂谷巨层序内部的白垩系河流相、三角洲相河道
砂岩、深水地区后裂谷巨层序内部的被动陆缘盆地中发育的第三系河道、三角洲和深水浊积砂岩是该盆地群下一步主
要勘探目标。     

中国南方大地构造演化及其对油气的控制

按照板块构造理论及活动论、阶段论的思想，大致以中晚三叠世为界，将中国南方自震旦纪以来大地构造演化历史划分成海相盆地演化阶段（Z－T2）及陆相盆地演化阶级（T3－Q）两大阶段；又可进一步细分为扬子克拉通及其周缘裂谷盆地（Z－1q)、裂谷－克拉通－被动大陆边缘盆地（1c-O1）、被动陆缘－克拉通－前陆盆地（O2－S）、加里东运动（S末）、裂谷－克拉通盆地（D－T1）、克拉通残留海盆－弧后（浊积）盆地（T2）、印支运动（T2－T3）、华北－华南板块焊合、古特提斯封闭与前陆盆地的形成（T3－J2）、压扭背景下的改造作用及拉分盆地的形成（J3－K1）、伸展－裂陷盆地的形成（K2－E）、喜马拉雅运动（E末－N初）及披盖性构造层的形成（N－Q）12个阶段。特别是对南方自中晚三叠世以来的大地构造演化及其对现存油气的控制作用进行了系统研究，提出了晚侏罗世－早白垩世燕山运动对南方中生界、古生界原生油气藏的保存与破坏起到了决定性作用及燕山、喜马拉雅运动控制了现今南方原生、次生及再生烃（二次生烃）油气藏分布的新观点。     

川西前陆盆地侏罗纪构造-层序岩相古地理特征

川西前陆盆地是一个重要的含油气盆地。在野外剖面、钻井岩芯及地球物理资料综合研究的基础上,将川西前陆盆地侏罗系划分为3个构造层序,以构造层序体系域为单元,编制了侏罗纪岩相古地理图;研究表明,构造层序TS1～TS2对应于早—中侏罗世,龙门山逆冲推覆构造带处于相对平静期,但米仓山-大巴山逆冲推覆构造带较为活跃,前陆盆地的前渊坳陷由龙门山前缘的川西地区转移到米仓山-大巴山前缘的川北、川东北地区,以发育三角洲-滨浅湖为主。构造层序TS3属晚侏罗世,在遂宁组沉积期,盆-山关系继承了TS1～TS2期的特征;到莲花口组(蓬莱镇组)沉积期,龙门山逆冲推覆构造带又重新活跃,川西前陆盆地出现了双沉降与沉积中心的结构特征,盆地边缘多发育有扇三角洲。构造演化是控制沉积相类型及岩相古地理格局的主控因素。     

中国南方大地构造演化及泥盆纪古构造格局

晋宁旋回的若干古老地体经拼合形成原始华南大陆地壳;澄江旋回破裂解体;加里东旋回经多次拉张、挤压后,扬子陆块与华夏陆块拼合形成统一的华南板块;海西—印支旋回在挤压上升背景上平静拉伸张裂,最后发生大陆碰撞;燕山—喜马拉雅旋回发生拉张断陷。泥盆纪古构造格局表现为华南海西期古大陆板块及其南、西缘的被动大陆边缘。可划分出华南陆块、右江-南岭被动陆缘、南秦岭-龙门山-盐瀑、丽江被动陆缘、钦防残留海槽以及它们的次一级构造环境。     

滇西兰坪盆地的形成及演化

滇西兰坪盆地的形成和发展经历了漫长且复杂的历史过程 ,由洋盆→洋陆转换→陆内盆地→盆山转换等过程。根据盆地充填和造山带特征 ,讨论兰坪盆地的演化历史及盆山对应关系。通过对兰坪盆地地质资料综合分析 ,可将兰坪盆地及周缘造山带的演化历史分为三个阶段 :兰坪地块形成阶段 ;陆内盆地演化阶段 ;盆山转换及推覆构造形成阶段。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.