基于调制特征的飞机目标自动分类

为了解决防空雷达飞机目标自动分类问题.依据飞机旋转部件对雷达电磁波的调制机理、调制特性模型和防空雷达回波特殊性,在时域用相对量分析法提取了幅度、相位调制特征,在频域用复AR双谱分析法提取了调制周期特征.提出了基于幅度、相位、周期3种调制特征的逐级最近邻分类法,对来自20条航线不同姿态的3类8种飞机回波进行了自动分类实验,并讨论了每种调制特征对飞机分类的效果.结果表明3种调制特征和逐级最近邻分类法能有效用于防空雷达飞机目标的自动分类.     

常规雷达飞机目标回波多重分形特性分析

常规雷达飞机目标回波的多重分形特性提供了对产生目标回波结构动力学特征的精细描述,为常规雷达飞机目标的分类和识别提供了新的途径.在介绍多重分形的研究方法以及常规雷达飞机目标回波数学模型的基础上,利用多重分形测度分析手段,详细分析常规雷达飞机目标回波的质量指数和多重分形奇异谱等多重分形特性曲线,并定义质量指数对称度Rτ、多重分形谱宽度Δσ和非对称指数Rσ等多重分形特征参数.实验结果表明:喷气式飞机、螺旋桨飞机和直升机这3类飞机目标的常规雷达回波数据具有显著不同的多重分形特征,所定义的3种多重分形特征参数可以作为常规雷达飞机目标分类和识别的有效特征.     

一种基于HMM的雷达目标识别方法

根据雷达目标散射点的一般模型和特定条件的简化模型；提出用RELAX方法从高分辨雷达回波提取目标散射点分布的位置信息作为目标HRRR的特征向量；利用HRRR对雷达视角敏感这一特点，用隐马尔可夫过程表征多视角雷达回波序列，获得目标距离-方位两维信息，用若干HMM子过程构成的模式链表征一个飞行目标的飞行姿态变化，从而采用基于隐马尔可夫模型的分类器实现目标类属和方位的自动识别和分类，实测数据的计算机仿真结果表明，这一方法的平均识率为99.80%和81.2%。     

采用同步挤压小波变换的人体运动姿态分析

针对人体运动的雷达回波信号特征复杂、不同运动姿态微多普勒频率差异小、难以区分精细特征的问题,提出了一种采用参数可调的同步挤压小波变换(SSTAP)的人体运动姿态分析方法。首先根据实测人体运动数据构建人体运动模型及其雷达回波模型;然后利用SSTAP方法对人体运动模型雷达回波信号进行分解,获得人体各主要部位的时频特征;再通过调整同步挤压小波变换的2个参数获得人体整体回波信号的具有最佳时频分辨率的时频特征,进一步与各部位的人体时频特征比较获得了人体运动姿态的信息。实验结果表明,相比广义S变换(GST)、小波变换(WT)等时频分析方法,基于参数可调的同步挤压小波的人体微多普勒分析结果更加清晰精细,更能反映人体微运动的特征,其微多普勒频率的分辨率比GST、WT分别提高了17%和14%。     

基于动态RCS模型的天波雷达发现概率计算方法

针对现有方法影响因素考虑不全导致计算结果与实际情况有较大偏差的问题,提出了一种改进的天波雷达飞机目标发现概率计算方法。归纳了不同电离层状态对天波雷达探测距离的影响。考虑目标在给定航路飞行过程中的雷达截面积随姿态变化,建立了目标动态雷达截面积计算模型。在此基础上,利用瞬时发现概率模型和综合发现概率模型求得天波雷达飞机目标发现概率。实例计算结果表明:电离层Es全遮蔽状态导致目标发现概率下降了0.273,不同航路和飞行姿态条件下目标发现概率差异较大,最大差值达0.253。     

基于惯性动作捕捉的多螺旋桨飞行器姿态研究

目前多螺旋桨飞行器在飞行过程中存在着飞行姿态控制复杂、稳定性差、抗毁性差等问题。针对于此,提出了基于惯性动作捕捉技术的多螺旋桨飞行器的运动姿态研究方案。该方案利用惯性动作捕捉设备,记录飞行器的各个螺旋桨的位置姿态数据,并根据所获取的数据对飞行器进行运动学分析,进而对其飞行姿态规律进行研究。该方案的研究为飞行器的多螺旋桨转速控制提供了理论依据,从而提高多螺旋桨飞行器的稳定性和可靠性。     

一种螺旋桨飞机滑流影响的极曲线确定方法

在螺旋桨飞机的试飞验证中,为确定其实际的升阻特性,通过在一般极曲线的表达式中引入拉力系数项,推导出同时适用于螺旋桨飞机巡航状态、爬升状态和下降状态的通用极曲线模型。根据一型螺旋桨飞机飞行试验数据确定该飞机通用极曲线表达式。采用该通用极曲线计算得到的巡航状态下的阻力系数与试飞值的误差在5%以内,爬升率、下降率的计算值与试飞值的误差在5%左右,计算结果的误差基本在工程计算精度的允许范围,证明该模型具有工程实用性,可用于该飞机的飞行性能数据修正和扩展计算。     

飞机离地姿态与飞行操作“因果-时序”耦合动态Bayes网络模型

在民航飞机起飞离地过程中,飞行员的操作失误容易导致擦机尾等安全事故。飞机离地姿态与飞行操作紧密耦合。针对飞机离地姿态与飞行操作解耦问题,该文以“安全II”模式为指导,关注飞机离地风险应对的全过程表现,对飞机离地姿态与飞行操作之间的耦合机理进行研究。根据安全韧性理论,构建了飞机离地姿态与飞行操作“因果-时序”耦合模型;基于国内某航空公司A319机队1 359个航段快速存取记录器(QAR)数据,利用动态Bayes网络进行正常操作与超限操作的特征量化与验证。结果表明：该模型可对飞机离地姿态的动态形成机理进行有效分析;选择“重载”“轻载”“顺风”“逆风”等单一情景及其组合情景,通过调节关键飞行操作节点的概率分布得到最佳飞行操作模式。该研究得到了不同情景变量影响下飞机离地姿态与飞行操作之间的耦合机理,有助于提高飞行员的风险预测与应对能力。     

宽带全极化雷达目标HRRP极化特征提取与优选

充分有效地利用全极化雷达目标HRRP极化信息是雷达目标特征提取领域一个热点问题．文中主要研究了宽带全极化雷达目标HRRP的三类极化特征的提取与优选：（1）将SAR领域常用的熵特征引入全极化HRRP中,分析了反映目标HRRP散射随机性的熵特征;（2）根据目标散射矩阵相似性参数理论,定义了目标HRRP与6种标准体散射矩阵相似性参数概率形式描述,并将其作为特征,这类特征反映了目标的物理结构特性;（3）提出了反映目标散射能量特性的Mueller矩阵相似性参数特征,并且证明了该参数特征的旋转不变性．这几类特征具有明确的物理意义．采用飞机目标多个姿态的实测数据进行了特征有效性验证和特征优选,并利用优选后的特征组成特征矢量对飞机目标识别,实验结果表明,提出的HRRP极化特征具有良好的稳健性和可分性．     

宽带全极化雷达目标HRRP极化特征提取与优选

充分有效地利用全极化雷达目标HRRP极化信息是雷达目标特征提取领域一个热点问题.文中主要研究了宽带全极化雷达目标HRRP的三类极化特征的提取与优选:(1)将SAR领域常用的熵特征引入全极化HRRP中,分析了反映目标HRRP散射随机性的熵特征;(2)根据目标散射矩阵相似性参数理论,定义了目标HRRP与6种标准体散射矩阵相似性参数概率形式描述,并将其作为特征,这类特征反映了目标的物理结构特性;(3)提出了反映目标散射能量特性的Mueller矩阵相似性参数特征,并且证明了该参数特征的旋转不变性.这几类特征具有明确的物理意义.采用飞机目标多个姿态的实测数据进行了特征有效性验证和特征优选,并利用优选后的特征组成特征矢量对飞机目标识别,实验结果表明,提出的HRRP极化特征具有良好的稳健性和可分性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.