粘度法研究聚丁二烯基锂的缔合度

以丁二烯为单体,正丁基锂(n-BuLi)为引发剂,研究了聚丁二烯基锂(PBLi)活性种在环己烷溶剂中的缔合度以及极性添加剂四氢呋喃(THF)、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷(DME)对PBLi缔合度的影响,并对聚丁二烯基锂在极性溶剂乙醚(Et_2O),二氧六环(DOX),THF及DME中的存在状态进行了探讨。结果表明:PBLi在环己烷溶剂中是以缔合体的形式存在的,且随其浓度的不同,平均缔合度由2至4变化;体系中极性物质的加入可使其缔合度有所下降;而在纯极性溶剂DME,THF,DOX,Et_2O中,发现除Et_2O之外,在其它三种溶剂中PBLi全部解缔,而在Et_2O中尚存在部分以缔合体形式存在的活性种。     

丁二烯-正丁基锂-甲苯体系聚合动力学及微观结构的研究

本工作是在高真空下用膨胀计法研究了正丁基锂－甲苯－丁二烯聚合体系动力学， 并测量了高聚物的微观结构。测定了本反应对单体、引发剂浓度的反应级数，及增长 反应表观活化能，高聚物的１，２结构在１２％左右，与引发剂浓度无关。根据这些结 果，并结合甲苯中聚丁二烯基锂的缔合度测定，提出了一种增长反应机理，其中单量 体丁二烯锂是主要活性中心。     

丁二烯阴离子聚合活性种紫外光谱的研究

研究了正丁基锂(n-BuLi)及聚丁二烯基锂(PBLi)在环已烷溶剂中的紫外光谱,以及极性添加剂1,2-甲氧基乙烷(DME)的加入对其紫外光谱的影响。结果表明:当DME加至n-BuLi环已烷溶液中时,在λ_(max)=310(?)处出现新的吸收峰,且随DME用量增加,峰强度增大;当DME加至PBLi的环已烷溶液中时,则发现吸收峰发生位移,由原来λ(?)=260nm左右移至λ(?)=280nm左右。此外,还发现吸收峰波长与活性种浓度和单体浓度有关。     

量子化学研究羧酸锂缔合体的结构模型

提出假凝胶离子区缔合体的微观结构模型,采用量子化学ASED-MO理论对其结构模型进行优化,计算结果表明,羧酸锂缔合以二,四,六缔合体比较稳定,而且,四,六缔合体的立体构型又较平面构型更稳定,计算结果与采用粘度法测定聚丁二烯羧酸锂存在二,四缔合体的实验结果一致,羧酸锂六缔合体的存在,有待实验结果的验证。     

高位阻硅基取代2-氨基吡啶二聚锂化物的合成及表征

以2-氨基吡啶为原料,经正丁基锂去氢后与[N,N-二(三甲基硅基)]氨基-二甲基氯硅烷反应,再次与正丁基锂反应,合成了一种新型有机锂化合物,并通过X-ray单晶衍射、1 HNMR对该化合物进行了分析和表征.     

双锂引发的苯乙烯阴离子聚合动力学研究

研究了以齐聚异成二烯双锂为引发剂．以环已烷为溶剂的苯乙烯阴离子聚合的动力学．研究结果表明：齐聚异成二烯双锂的引发活性低于正丁基锂；增长反应对单体浓度为一次方关系．引发剂浓度仍服从与单锂体系类似的非近似动力学方程：由该式分别求出ｋ，＝５．８６×１０１２‘ｅｘｐ（），ｋａｐ＝７．１１×１０３ｅｘｐ（），根据上述结果．提出了用链端二缔合态和游离态来代替过去的二缔合体和单量体的概念．     

聚∈-己内酯基锂的缔合现象

本文用浓溶液粘度法研究ε-已内酯在苯中以s-C_4H_(?)Li引发开环聚合后,其聚ε-己内酯基锂的缔合现象。采用乌氏粘度计在无水无氧体系中测量活性聚ε-己内酯基锂的流出时间,然后测终止后的流出时间,求得缔合度N。     

氯代甲酸乙酯与活性聚丁二烯基锂反应机理的研究

以有机锂为引发剂,丙酮、苯甲醛或1,1-二苯基乙烯为戴帽剂,氯代甲酸乙酯为终止剂,研究了氯代甲酸乙酯与不同端基阴离子活性聚丁二烯的反应机理.氯代甲酸乙酯与聚丁二烯基锂发生偶联反应,采用戴帽方法,可消除偶联反应,合成出端碳酸酯基和端酯基遥爪聚丁二烯.     

醋酸乙烯与活性聚丁二烯基锂反应机理的探讨

以萘—锂为引发剂,抽余油为溶剂,探讨了醋酸乙烯与活性聚丁二烯基锂之间的反应机理。研究结果表明,醋酸乙烯加至活性聚丁二烯中后,主要起偶联作用,而不是终止反应;与此同时,在高分子结构中引入了羟基。     

正丁基锂-叔丁氧基钾引发丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚合

以正丁基锂－叔丁氧基钾引发体系合成溶液丁苯橡胶，调节叔丁氧基钾与正丁基 锂的比例，可以获得不同转化率下共聚物组成与原料组成几乎一致的宏观无规共聚物。 在一定的Ｋ／Ｌｉ比下，改变正丁基锂浓度可调节共聚物分子量。从产物的无规性（无 宏观嵌段聚苯乙烯）和分子量分布较窄两点出发，讨论了Ｌｉ－Ｋ两活性种互换的机理。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.