滑动层摩擦因数对斜向预应力水泥路面板的影响

滑动层摩擦因数对斜向预应力水泥路面板结构受力及变形的影响较大,设置满足路面结构受力及变形要求的滑动层,是决定斜向预应力水泥路面铺设成功与否的关键因素之一,建立斜向预应力路面结构1/4有限元模型,基于此模型分析了斜向预应力水泥路面板在车轮荷载和温度梯度荷载作用下,滑动层摩擦因数对其路面结构受力与变形的影响;运用解析计算法,研究了滑动层摩擦因数对路面板内温度伸缩应力的影响,以及温度应力作用下滑动层摩擦因数对路面板伸缩量的影响;并进行了斜向预应力路面板屈曲验算。研究结果表明:车轮荷载作用下,斜向预应力路面滑动层摩擦因数对路面板内应力及变形影响较小,可忽略不计;温度梯度荷载作用下,斜向预应力路面滑动层摩擦因数在0.3~1.2范围内变化时,路面板内最大主应力均小于水泥混凝土抗弯拉强度5 MPa,不会引起斜向预应力路面板开裂;温度荷载作用下,滑动层摩擦因数小于1.04时,路面板内伸缩应力不会引起路面板开裂,且滑动层铺设初期摩擦因数越小越有利于减小路面板内温度应力值;增大滑动层后期摩擦因数,有利于减小斜向预应力路面板端伸缩量,但不应大于1.04;斜向预应力路面板最不利屈曲临界温度为48.166℃,在通常外界环境温度下,斜向预应力水泥路面板不会发生屈曲失稳破坏。     

CPC-AC复合路面层间结合系数研究

为了研究新型复合路面CPC-AC(斜向预应力水泥混凝土+沥青混凝土复合路面)的层间结合行为,并探究其层间结合状态的表征及求解,提出以中性轴间距变化来表征层间结合状态,并推导了部分结合CPC与AC双层梁的层间结合系数η的计算公式;设计了室内单层梁(沥青混合料和水泥混凝土)的小梁三点弯曲试验以及双层梁低温弯曲模拟试验,确定了单层小梁的弹性模量和部分结合双层梁抗弯刚度等计算参数;为分析层间结合系数η表征CPC-AC复合路面层间结合的能力,在CPC板表面设置了植石、刻槽以及凿毛3种处理方式,其层间黏结分别采用不同洒布量的SBS改性沥青及SBS改性沥青同步碎石封层,通过剪切试验论证了层间结合系数η表征CPCAC复合路面层间黏结行为的可行性。研究结果表明:通过室内双层梁弯曲模拟试验和双层梁的抗弯刚度计算公式成功求得层间结合系数η;不同层间处理方式下,层间结合系数的变化规律与芯样剪切试验结果一致,说明层间结合系数η可表征CPC-AC复合路面的层间结合状态;采用不同处理方法,使用不同层间黏结时层间结合系数差异较大,当CPC板采用植石+SBS改性沥青黏层方案,且沥青洒布量为0.4kg/m~2时,其结合状态最好,层间结合系数达到0.463。     

水泥混凝土路面抗滑功能衰减模拟试验研究

为研究不同类型水泥混凝土路面的抗滑功能衰减,自行研制开发水泥混凝土路面加速磨损仪,并用于对刻槽、拉毛和拉槽混凝土路面板进行室内模拟加速磨损试验,采用摆式摩擦系数测试法和磨损深度测试法对路面抗滑构造的测试。试验结果表明:刻槽混凝土路面板的抗滑衰减分为两个阶段,第一阶段为表面砂浆的磨损,抗滑功能衰减较快,第二阶段为砂浆和粗骨料共同抵抗磨损作用,抗滑构造变化缓慢;拉毛混凝土路面板抗滑功能的衰减呈现初期快、中期缓慢、后期稳定的趋势;拉槽混凝土路面板初期磨损较快,后期变化缓慢,路面的砂浆层并没有出现因磨损过度而裸露粗骨料。     

依据板块脱空率优选水泥路面的加铺方案

板底脱空是水泥混凝土路面的主要病害之一。脱空率反映了水泥路面的残余承载能力。采用声振脱空评定仪检测和评价了现状水泥混凝土板底脱空状况;分析了原路面修复和沥青加铺层方案选择原则。以G205安徽天长段为例,根据脱空检测结果,优选原路面修复与加铺方案。研究成果对预防沥青加铺层早期破坏,延长路面的使用寿命具有重要的指导意义。     

大跨度连续梁桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道伸缩附加力的影响因素分析

建立连续梁桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道纵向力计算模型和求解方法,分析滑动层摩擦系数、底座板伸缩刚度和扣件纵向阻力对大跨度连续梁桥上伸缩附加力的影响.结果表明:降低滑动层摩擦系数和扣件纵向阻力可以减小钢轨和底座板伸缩附加力,增加底座板伸缩刚度可以减小钢轨和桥梁墩台伸缩附加力.     

旧水泥混凝土路面加铺沥青层的设计方法探讨

旧水泥混凝土路面加铺沥青层对于及时修复已损坏的水泥混凝土路面,保证公路运输畅通具有重要意义。本文针对旧水泥混凝土路面加铺沥青层的设计方法进行探讨,首先介绍了最为常用的两种国外旧水泥混凝土路面加铺沥青层的设计方法:AASHTO经验法和弯沉法,在此基础上,以板裂缝处弯沉差、板裂缝处补强层断裂以及《公路沥青路面设计规范》验算指标为控制指标,建立了多指标旧水泥混凝土路面补强设计方法,从而为实际工程提供借鉴。     

无粘结预应力混凝土路面的应力分析(二)

结合试验路段的实际情况,对无粘结预应力路面的受力情况荷载应力和温度应力作了详尽的分析.讨论了混凝土弹性模量、线胀缩系数、板底摩擦系数、地基回弹模量、温度梯度等一系列因素对路面应力的影响.分析计算所得的图表和结论可用于预应力混凝土路面的设计、施工.     

重轴载交通下斜向预应力混凝土路面应用研究

针对重轴载交通下普通水泥混凝土路面抗疲劳性能较差、容易产生裂纹的问题,提出将斜向预应力混凝土路面引入重轴载交通中,并结合已有定测下混凝土疲劳试验结果对其抗疲劳机理进行深入分析.同时,根据混凝土疲劳破坏发展的历程,提出此种路面结构中预应力筋的分步张拉方法:当混凝土浇筑完成24h后,预应力筋第一次张拉到30%的设计轴力,以控制混凝土路面初期裂纹;当混凝土达到设计龄期后,张拉至设计轴力用以抵消温度应力和部分重轴载引起的路面拉应力,保证路面结构在正常使用情况下处于三维压缩状态,从而防止混凝土裂纹的出现和扩展,达到提高混凝土第二阶段抗疲劳强度的目的.实例验证了斜向预应力混凝土路面结构适用于重轴载交通.     

沥青加铺层温度应力研究(Ⅱ):内力及层间反力近似解

将旧水泥混凝土路面板温度变化引起的沥青加铺层路面结构的变形效应,分解为旧水泥混凝土路面板收缩引起的拉压效应、翘曲引起的弯曲效应,以及已知层间水平摩阻应力引起的弯曲效应三种,推导这三种效应的解析解;讨论旧水泥混凝土路面板收缩和翘曲时上述三种效应的组合及相互影响,给出沥青加铺层截面内力、层间接触应力的计算显式,并论证用这种先分解后组合的方法求解旧水泥混凝土路面板上沥青加铺层温度应力是可行的,且具有足够精度.     

旧水泥混凝土路面破裂板沥青加铺层设计方法研究

为了方便快捷地确定计算路面结构厚度所需的重要参数,根据弹性半空间理论,研究了承载板下旧水泥混凝土路面破裂板的竖向弯沉与弹性模量、泊松比、平均触地压力及承载板直径之间的关系,依据试验路现场测试结果,得出了弯沉和破裂板顶面当量回弹模量之间的回归公式,在此基础上,对旧水泥混凝土路面破裂板上沥青加铺层结构的设计方法进行了研究,根据当量回弹模量、道路等级、面层、补强层类型及累计轴载作用次数计算设计弯沉值,由设计弯沉值即可推算出沥青加铺层所需的厚度.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.