供应链企业间合作广告的博弈分析

合作广告对扩大产品的有效需求具有十分重要的意义.该文建立了制造商与零售商之间合作广告的Stackelberg博弈模型,分别探讨了单阶段与多阶段两种情况下的博弈均衡,得出了两个结论:一是制造商品牌投入的增加或承担合作广告成本比例的提高都将导致零售商合作性广告努力水平的提高;二是多阶段博弈比单阶段博弈能够得到更好的合作效果.     

考虑广告促销的供应链捆绑销售产品博弈模型

文章以单供应商单零售商生产销售畅销品和滞销品供应链为研究对象,在考虑需求依赖零售商广告投入的前提下,分别建立了单独销售和捆绑销售下的供应商占主导、零售商占主导的Stackelberg博弈模型,推导出各个模型下零售商的最优广告投入、供应商的最优批发价格.通过比较分析不同博弈模型下供应链成员的策略和利润,得出如下结论:无论...     

货架展示量与广告影响需求的供应链协调研究(英文)

针对市场需求与广告、货架展示量均相关的两层供应链系统,运用博弈理论研究了合作决策均衡、Nash均衡和Stackelberg均衡这3种模型.理论分析表明合作决策下供应链系统及参与企业的利润均达到最优水平,而非合作博弈下参与企业的决策结果与渠道收益均不理想.通过构建基于合作满意度的Nash协商收益分配机制能激励参与企业积极进行广告合作,实现了货架展示量与广告投入水平的Pareto优化.最后,通过数值算例对最优广告分担比例的存在性与惟一性作了进一步验证和分析.     

动态调整的合作广告博弈模型研究

关于合作广告问题的研究目前主要是考察单次合作的均衡情况,文章进一步探讨了多次博弈的动态策略调整的情形。首先选取经典需求函数建立模型,求得单次博弈制造商为领导者时的Stackelberg均衡解。此时,地方性广告水平对销售量影响越大,制造商愿意提供的广告补贴比例越小。在此基础上,进一步考察了多次博弈下制造商和零售商动态策略调整情形,分别建立了制造商先进行调整和零售商先进行调整的2个博弈模型。通过数值算例可知,2个新模型下的制造商和零售商的策略都会趋于稳定。进一步地,零售商先调整策略的博弈模型,制造商和零售商利润都正向趋于稳定值,并且和其他2种情形相比,双方更愿意接受该情形。     

基于微分博弈的供应链企业社会责任管理

考虑企业社会责任(corporate social responsibility, CSR)商誉对市场需求的影响, 在Nash非合作博弈、以制造商为主导的Stackelberg博弈、以零售商为主导的Stackelberg博弈和合作博弈4种情形下, 分别构建微分博弈模型, 研究制造商和零售商的最优CSR努力水平、CSR商誉的最优轨迹和利润最优值, 并结合数值模拟, 验证理论推导的正确性. 研究结果表明: 最优CSR成本补贴率仅与边际利润有关, 与其他因素无关; 与Nash非合作博弈相比, 在Stackelberg博弈情形下, 当主导者的边际利润大于跟随者边际利润的一半时, 主导者对跟随者进行CSR成本补贴, 且主导者的最优CSR努力水平保持不变, 跟随者的最优CSR努力水平提高, 制造商和零售商的利润均提高; 与Stackelberg博弈相比, 在合作博弈情形下, 制造商和零售商的最优CSR努力水平均提高, 供应链系统的利润也随之提高.     

双渠道供应链中广告横向合作策略研究

在网络零售商与传统零售商的双渠道供应链中,为了分析广告合作策略对双渠道需求与决策者利润的影响,采用Stackelberg博弈法和Bertrand博弈法,建立了广告合作的双渠道模型,对比分析了不同博弈竞争下广告合作水平对渠道价格和渠道需求量的影响,以及各方利润与零售渠道偏好的关系.研究发现:网络零售商采取Bertrand博弈时所获得利润大于进行Stackelberg博弈时所获得利润,传统零售商采取Stackelberg博弈时的最优利润是进行Bertrand博弈获得利润的2倍.算例分析表明:进行广告合作后双方利润大幅提升,网络零售商利润与零售渠道偏好呈反向关系,传统零售商利润与零售渠道偏好呈正向关系.     

基于服务合作的双渠道供应链定价策略研究

本文以制造商、网络零售商和传统零售商组成的分散结构双渠道为研究对象,考虑网络零售商以报酬的形式将其服务交由传统零售商完成的情形,构建了基于服务合作的双渠道供应链定价模型。通过博弈得出了网络零售商和传统零售商分别在制造商领先的Stackelberg博弈下以及集中决策下的最优定价,并分析了服务水平和服务成本系数对渠道价格和需求数量的影响,最后利用Matlab模拟其变化趋势以验证双渠道服务合作定价策略的结论。     

考虑零售商竞争和低碳宣传补贴的供应链合作减排

考虑一个制造商主导和两个零售商追随的两级供应链,研究零售商竞争情况下的合作减排及低碳宣传决策.运用Stackelberg博弈理论分别构建了无补贴(NS)、单一补贴(SS)和双重补贴(DS)模式的分散决策博弈模型,得到了减排水平、低碳宣传投入以及低碳宣传成本分摊比例的均衡解.通过比较分析发现：DS模式下制造商利润、零售商利润、减排水平和产品总需求量均高于NS、SS模式;DS、SS模式下低碳宣传投入相同,但高于NS模式;DS、SS模式下低碳宣传成本分摊比例与SS模式相同,与零售商的边际收益、竞争强度系数负相关,与制造商边际收益正相关.最后运用算例验证了模型的有效性.     

零售商再制造的闭环供应链回收渠道选择

研究了零售商再制造的闭环供应链定价与废旧品的回收渠道选择问题.分别在三种不同回收模式(即零售商回收、第三方回收、零售商与第三方同时回收)下建立了零售商主导的Stackelberg博弈模型,对定价与回收量决策给出相应的博弈均衡解,并对结果进行了比较分析.结论表明,双回收渠道总是比单回收渠道对零售商,消费者和整条供应链有利,但对制造商不利;当零售商回收价格与回收量转换率和第三方回收成本与回收量转换率增大时,制造商最大利润将会增加而零售商最大利润和供应链总利润均会减少.     

捆绑销售供应链定价和质量控制策略研究

文章以单供应商、单零售商生产销售畅销品和滞销品供应链为研究对象,在考虑市场需求依赖零售商定价和供应商质量控制努力前提下,分别建立单独销售和捆绑销售下的供应商占主导、零售商占主导的Stackelberg博弈模型,推导出各模型下零售商的最优定价、供应商的最优质量控制策略。通过比较分析2种博弈模型下的供应链成员的策略和利润,得出如下结论：与供应商占主导相比,当零售商占主导时,无论是单独销售还是捆绑销售,零售商都会对滞销品制定较高的零售价格,供应商都会对滞销品投入较多的质量控制努力费用;在单独销售情形下,零售商对畅销品制定较高的零售价格,供应商对畅销品投入较多的质量控制努力费用;在捆绑销售情形下,结果恰好相反,零售商对畅销品制定较低的零售价格,供应商对畅销品投入较少的质量控制努力费用。无论是单独销售还是捆绑销售,供应商和零售商都在各自占主导时获得最大利润,也即序贯博弈中先动优势可以带来更多收益;但对供应链整体来说,零售商占主导的Stackelberg博弈是供应链双方的最佳选择。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to