超大直径泥水平衡盾构地表沉降控制关键技术

分析泥水平衡盾构施工引起地表沉降的机理,结合超大直径泥水平衡盾构施工实例,从切口压力、泥水指标控制及同步注浆管理等方面探讨超大直径泥水平衡盾构施工地表沉降的控制技术.结果表明:切口压力的设定对正面土体沉降量影响较大,在施工过程中应密切关注切口位置的地表沉降量并及时调整压力.对于超大直径泥水平衡盾构,单次压力调整不宜过大,切口压力波动不宜超过±2 kPa;采用双控同步注浆模式,以砂与粉煤灰为主要原材料的单液浆施工技术可以有效减小地表后期的沉降.     

大直径泥水盾构下穿地铁挡墙路基沉降控制

为研究泥水盾构双洞先后下穿施工影响下既有挡墙式路基的沉降控制措施,依托京沈客专望京双洞盾构隧道施工下穿北京机场线路基工程,通过分析现场监测数据及盾构施工参数,在阐明了路基的沉降规律基础上,总结了控制沉降的盾构施工参数调控和注浆加固、沉降补偿的经验.研究结果表明:掘进各参数间、泥浆各参数间的关联密切;合理且较高的顶推力和泥水压力、较高比重和黏度的浆液可确保在地层扰动小的情况下盾构快速通过穿越段;理论注浆量2.5倍的同步注浆量和大于泥水仓压力0.15～0.2 MPa的注浆压力可确保盾尾建筑空隙充填密实;地表预注浆充分改良加固了地层、适度抬升了路基,注浆压力1.2 MPa的地表跟踪注浆及时有效地抑制、补偿了路基沉降,注浆压力1.2 MPa和速度100 L/min的隧洞内加强注浆减小了路基工后沉降.     

盾构隧道穿越成都西特大桥群桩桩基施工变形控制技术研究

随着城市轨道交通的快速发展,盾构隧道穿越既有建(构)筑物所引起的沉降、变形等施工安全问题,引起了各方的高度关注。依托成都轨道9号线一期工程,采用三维有限元分析软件ANSYS,对盾构隧道穿越成都西特大桥群桩桩基施工变形控制技术进行了研究,提出了在穿越前采用"钢管隔离桩+地面深孔袖阀管"注浆的预加固技术,最终监测数据表明,地表沉降最大值为-9.82 mm、桩基沉降最大值为-6.97 mm,均小于监测规定值,证明了预加固的必要性。     

大直径泥水盾构穿越复杂环境地表垂直变形研究

为研究大直径泥水盾构穿越复杂环境地表垂直变形规律,考虑盾构推力、盾体间隙及其填充、壁后间隙及其填充3个影响因素,提出了施工全过程地表垂直变形理论公式.结合武汉地铁盾构越江隧道工程,对大直径泥水盾构下穿棚户区施工全过程进行了三维数值模拟.公式计算结果与数值计算结果、监测值较为接近,吻合度高于Attewell修正的Peck...     

芜湖过江隧道掘进对长江大堤沉降影响研究

以芜湖城南大直径过江隧道为依托,采用数值模拟法对超大直径泥水盾构隧道掘进过程中无为长江大堤沉降特征开展研究。首先,建立三维数值计算模型,并结合现场监测数据校正数值模型;其次,在考虑土体开挖、泥水支护、管片衬砌、壁后注浆以及地层损失等施工要素的基础上,对施工过程进行精细化模拟,分析压密注浆加固土体前后大堤的沉降;最后,对堤坝地表沉降结果进行分析,讨论总结规律。研究结果表明：压密注浆可有效地降低堤坝顶部沉降值;盾构双线同时掘进下穿堤坝时,大幅增加了堤坝顶部的沉降值;盾构穿越后的最大沉降值为20.46 mm,满足规范中沉降值要求。研究结果为芜湖城南大直径过江隧道掘进提供指导,对类似工程亦具有借鉴意义。     

MJS水平桩加固在盾构下穿既有隧道中应用研究

以在富水砂层中,长沙地铁4号线近距离下穿上覆2号线运营隧道工程为背景,对Metro Jet System(MJS)水平桩加固在盾构下穿既有隧道中的应用进行研究.通过现场钻孔取芯与室内试验,并在地表和2号线隧道内布置竖向位移监测点、管片应力监测点,研究MJS水平桩的成桩效果,以及盾构掘进时周边地层与上覆隧道的变形响应规律.研究表明:MJS工法桩直径为2 m左右,抗压强度达到3 MPa以上,均满足设计要求;盾构下穿时,上覆隧道沉降呈高斯曲线分布,最大沉降4.33 mm;由于盾构开挖的卸载,相交位置处上覆隧道断面在水平方向被挤压,产生的最大附加应力为1.4 MPa;地表最大沉降为1.1 mm,其中,MJS水平桩加固区域,地表沉降相对较小.总体来看,MJS水平桩加固效果较好,可为类似工程的实施提供借鉴.     

盾构隧道施工对临近既有线沉降影响的数值分析

确保临近既有线的运营安全是新建隧道施工的关键问题之一。针对某新建城际铁路双线盾构隧道存在多次临近既有京广线施工的复杂情况,基于合理假定条件,采用数值分析方法全面模拟计算了新建隧道临近并行既有线、下穿单线和下穿多线等关键施工过程中盾构掘进对临近既有线沉降的影响,对比分析了拟采用的施工措施对既有线沉降的控制效果,为保障临近既有线的运营安全奠定了理论基础。数值分析结果表明:临近并行和下穿单线施工时,可分别采用隔离桩保护和注浆加固地层的处理措施控制地表沉降且效果较好;下穿多线施工时,列车荷载对地表沉降的影响较大,考虑列车荷载后盾构施工诱发的地表沉降最大值由0.44 mm增大至1.32 mm,盾构穿越宜在无列车行驶时进行。     

基于流固耦合的泥水盾构隧道施工引发地表变形

利用泥水盾构隧道开挖面平衡稳定原理,对泥水介质渗透的微观机理进行分析.同时,以具体工程为研究对象,结合流固耦合基本原理对由于开挖面泥水渗流所引起的隧道开挖位移场进行计算分析.研究结果表明:泥水介质向开挖面前方土体渗流时,将引起隧道地表附加沉降,且泥水压力大于主动土压力时,泥水压力越大,附加沉降量越大,但总沉降量越小;泥膜渗透系数越小、泥膜厚度越大附加沉降越小;适当增加施工进度有助于减少附加沉降.因此,在高渗透性地层条件下采用泥水盾构施工时,应确保泥水介质的质量,适当提高施工进度,尽量减少泥水渗透对开挖面稳定性及地表变形的小利影响.     

西安地铁盾构下穿古城墙沉降分析及加固效果

为研究双线盾构下穿过程诱发地表沉降的规律及上部古城墙的变形特征,依托地铁4号线区间隧道下穿和平门古城墙工程,通过数值模拟和现场测试手段对沉降及加固效果进行分析。结果表明:在袖阀管注浆加固及门洞钢拱架支护等作用下,城墙地基区域地表沉降值减小4mm,城墙结构沉降减小约2.2mm,避免了地基局部隆起过大和倾斜率超限;城墙地基区域加固工况下地表横向沉降曲线为宽而浅的单峰沉降槽,未加固工况下表现为窄而深的双峰沉降槽;左、右线隧道施工存在相互影响,且变形稳定后右线隧道地表沉降峰值大于左线。现场实测与数值计算的结果吻合良好,分析方法和研究结果可为日后黄土地区类似的盾构穿越工程提供有益的参考。     

下穿已有隧道泥水盾构施工的预测分析

基于2010年上海世博会重大配套工程——打浦路隧道复线工程,结合具体实际地质条件及施工参数,利用Abaqus有限元分析软件,建立三维非线性有限元模型,模拟泥水盾构沿弧线斜下穿已有隧道的施工过程.计算并分析在泥水盾构施工过程中,已有隧道发生的变形、产生的应力以及地表发生的沉降,预测泥水盾构施工对已有隧道和地表的影响,并与实测数据进行比较,说明分析预测的可信性.所得结果不仅对该工程具有积极的指导意义,而且对其他类似工程的分析也具有重要的借鉴作用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.