毛竹的栽培技术

毛竹是安徽省主要的经济栽培竹种之一,按照培育目的的不同,一般可分为材用林、笋用林和笋材两用林等3种,其营造技术主要是把握好以下4个环节.     

毛竹林土壤磷、钾养分状况及生长效应

运用定位研究方法,在相似经营条件下,采集高效经营的毛竹材用林、毛竹笋用林土壤样品,分析土壤速效磷、钾养分变化特征并揭示其与毛竹生长的相互关系。结果显示 ：不同经营目标的毛竹林对于磷、钾养分的需求和消耗存在差异,笋用林土壤速效磷含量、贮量均高于材用林,0~10 cm层次速效钾含量笋用林略高于材用林,10~20 cm层次笋用林 略低于材用林;材用林与笋用林的速效钾贮量相差不显著。速效磷贮量与毛竹平均高度、眉径的生长回归模型比较接近,符合开口向下的抛物线方程,0~20 cm土层速效磷贮量与毛 竹平均高度的相关方程是H=-0014 2Xp2+0.438 6Xp+11.30,而与毛竹平均眉径的回归方程是D=-0.006 4Xp2+0.225 2Xp+8.642 8,与之对应的0~20 cm土层速效钾贮量与毛竹平均 高度呈现负线性相关(H=-0.032 5Xk+19611),速效钾贮量与毛竹眉径相关性不明显。因而,在安吉毛竹林区,针对不同经营目标的毛竹林地补充合理数量磷素养分和运用恰当施 肥方式比施用钾素更为迫切。     

优化培育技术提高毛竹笋材两用林经济效益

毛竹栽培管理技术不同于一般树木。护笋养竹是提高竹林密度,增加产量的关键措施。因此,只有优化培育技术,向科学育林要产量,才能进一步提高毛竹笋材两用林的经济效益。本文探讨了毛竹笋材两用林的有关培育技术。     

松嫩草原不同盐碱化生境中羊草的克隆可塑性研究

以松嫩草甸的羊草为对象,比较研究了生长在5种不同盐碱化生境群落中的羊草克隆形态特征.结合克隆植物对资源的利用对策,对盐碱化生境中的羊草形态可塑性进行了讨论.通过对羊草根茎节间长、间隔子长、分枝角度、根冠比、分株密度、株高和生物量等指标的测定和分析,从基株和分株种群两个层次,研究了羊草的克隆构型特征和分株种群特征的变化.结果发现:随着生境土壤盐碱化程度的加重,羊草的克隆构型趋向于"游击型",根冠比呈逐渐下降趋势,表现为"逃避行为".     

坡位对毛竹林下黄花远志生物量积累与分配及其异速生长关系的影响

【目的】林药复合经营是提高毛竹林经济效益的重要途径。分析毛竹林下黄花远志(Polygala fallax)生长、生物量积累与分配的坡位效应,旨在为毛竹黄花远志复合经营提供理论指导。【方法】以毛竹林下2年生扦插苗造林后1年的黄花远志为调查对象,分析了不同坡位黄花远志生长状况、生物量积累与分配规律及其异速生长关系。 【结果】毛竹林下黄花远志造林成活率均超过92%,且坡位间无显著差异。随坡位下降,黄花远志地径、苗高呈现出波动性上升趋势,根、茎、叶各器官及总生物量总体上均呈显著升高的变化趋势;叶生物量分配比例降低,而茎、根生物量分配比例则总体升高,中坡位黄花远志根生物量及其分配比例、根与总生物量异速生长指数均最高。【结论】黄花远志能适应毛竹林下环境,并生长良好,可以实施毛竹-黄花远志复合经营。试验区中坡位毛竹林下黄花远志生长较好,而且其入药主要部位根生物量及其分配比例较高,根与总生物量异速生长指数较大,是试验区毛竹林下黄花远志复合经营的适宜坡位。     

带状采伐对毛竹地上生物量分配及异速生长的影响

【目的】 毛竹林带状采伐可实现竹林机械化经营,研究不同采伐宽度毛竹立竹生物量分配及其异速生长,为毛竹林带状采伐经营提供科学依据。【方法】 2019年12月模拟机械采伐对不同宽度条带内的毛竹林实施全林皆伐,2020年8月统计试验毛竹林不同采伐宽度带(0、3、9、15 m)内新竹数量、胸径、枝下高和竹高。调查新竹枝、叶、秆生物量,分析伐后新竹地上构件生物量分配特征及其异速生长关系。【结果】 随着带状采伐宽度的增加,新竹数量先增加后减少,9 m采伐宽度带新竹数量最多,新竹竹高降低,胸径减小,枝下高及相对枝下高降低,立竹鲜枝质量、鲜叶质量、鲜秆质量及总生物量均显著降低。带状采伐可以提高立竹出叶强度、相对竹高,尤其增加叶分配占比和叶相对生物量。带状采伐未改变立竹秆-总生物量的等速生长关系,但对枝-总生物量、叶-总生物量相对生长速率产生显著影响,由异速生长关系转变为等速生长关系。【结论】 带状采伐致使毛竹通过生理整合作用权衡各构件资源分配关系,改变其异速生长关系,诱发新竹形态可塑性变化,9 m采伐宽度的新竹数量达到最大值。     

毛竹杉木混交林生产力和空间结构研究

对14年生的杉木毛竹混交林、杉木纯林和毛竹纯林的生长状况、林分生物量和地上、地下空间结构研究,结果表明,在杉木毛竹混交林中,杉木密度适宜,能有效提高杉木和毛竹的生长量、生物量和充分利用营养空间.杉木密度为1525株/hm2、毛竹密度为580株/hm2的混交林具有最大的生长量和生物量,而且林分地上、地下空间结构合理,是杉木毛竹混交林中的优化模式.     

毛竹叶斑枯病害防控技术探讨

叶斑枯病是毛竹营林建设中常见的病害,一旦发生病害,轻者竹叶局部失绿形成枯斑,重者竹叶卷曲、脱落,竹梢枯死,出笋量急剧减少,因而对其病害的防治是林业生产中亟待解决的重要问题。笔者根据自己多年来的林场工作经验,结合毛竹叶斑枯病的发生发展规律及发病竹林的立地条件,从林场清查、合理采伐、抚育施肥等方面对叶斑枯病的防治技术进行分析,以保证毛竹的正常生长。     

毛竹混交林出笋规律的研究

通过对建阳交溪毛竹阔叶树混交林、毛竹杉木混交林、毛竹杉木阔叶树混交林及毛竹纯林等4种不同经营模式林分比较,结果表明竹林冬笋产量最高的是竹阔比例为82林分,产量达1592kg/hm2,纯林模式其次,竹阔比例为55林分居于第三;各模式林分出笋数量都较少,出笋时间较早的为毛竹纯林,其次为竹阔混交林和半天然竹杉混交林;竹阔混交林成竹率较高,而退笋率低,各模式春笋高生长拟合逻辑斯蒂方程,相关指数达显著相关.     

参与式技术发展在毛竹笋用林施肥管理中的应用

应用参与式技术发展方法,通过对毛竹笋用林培育技术问题的诊断,设计了以全面支持对毛竹笋用林开展肥培管理、改善施肥时间和发展测土施肥等3个技术层面的农民参与式技术发展方案,对笋用林施肥管理技术进行试验、提升和推广。研究表明,应用测土施肥技术可提高毛竹冬笋产量1.2~6.8倍,净产值提高1.4~3.9倍。通过技术发展过程中多个利益相关群体的参与及合作,提高了该技术的地方适应性、农民的试验能力和技术推广人员解决生产问题的能力。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.