松辽盆地中央坳陷区头台油田扶余油层高分辨率层序地层学研究

以松辽盆地头台油田扶余油层为研究对象,对研究区42口取芯井的分析,利用高分辨率层序地层原理,结合岩性、电性资料,进行层序地层的划分,识别该地区短期基准面旋回类型,建立层序地层格架并分析沉积相类型及展布。得出该地区发育浅水三角洲沉积和湖泊相沉积,进而识别出其多种沉积微相类型。扶余油层泉四段发育两种短期基准面旋回类型,并细分出6种亚类。划分出Q4MSC1~Q4MSC3三个四级层序,Q4SSC1~Q4SSC7七个五级层序,并建立层序地层格架,绘制细分层单元沉积微相图,为寻找有利砂体展布提供预测。     

薄油层（砂体）的识别与预测 --以塔河油田二区三叠系阿四段为例

塔河油田二区三叠系阿四段水下分流河道薄油层(砂体)厚薄小、连续性差、识别难度大,薄油层(砂体)的识别与预测对塔河油田三叠系碎屑岩油气勘探开发具有重要的指导意义。为了更好的识别阿四段含油河道砂体,以沉积学、高分辨率层序地层学为理论指导,完成井区内单井阿四段层序旋回的划分及沉积相划分。单井识别3个中期旋回和9~11个短期旋回,在中、短期旋回内依次开展井间含油薄层(砂体)精细对比及沉积相平面展布研究。井震结合,通过地震资料叠后提频处理技术,沿层地震最大波峰振幅属性、平均振幅属性和平均瞬时频率属性提取技术及自然电位重构的拟声波曲线反演等技术,能很好的识别三叠系阿四段水下分流河道5 m及以上薄油层(砂体),确定薄油层(砂体)的空间展布特征;砂体预测结果与实钻井符合率高。因此,通过高分辨率层序地层学建立等时地层格架,在沉积旋回内进行砂体对比和沉积相研究及地震叠后提频处理、沿层地震属性提取和拟声波曲线反演方法能够对井区三叠系阿四段薄油层(砂体)进行很好的识别和预测。     

三肇凹陷葡萄花油层地层发育模式

三肇凹陷葡萄花油层从北往南跨度大,地层厚度、沉积相类型变化较大,层序地层发育模式存在多种不同的认识,也给层序地层划分对比带来很大难度。针对地层发育模式存在的争议,应用高分辨率层序地层学、沉积学原理,对各种地层发育模式进行了详细论证,最终明确了楔形减薄的地层发育模式,建立准确的高分辨率层序地层格架。对于地层等时划分对比、沉积规律研究具有重要意义。     

松辽盆地三肇凹陷东部葡萄花油层高分辨率层序地层模式探讨

 针对三肇凹陷东部葡萄花油层地层对比和划分中存在的不统一现象,依据8口井岩心和1700口井测井资料及地震资料,应用高分辨率层序地层学理论对三肇凹陷东部葡萄花油层进行层序地层学研究,将三肇凹陷东部葡萄花油层划分为2个中期基准面旋回和9个短期基准面旋回;葡萄花油层的地层发育模式为向南地层厚度减薄,葡萄花油层顶上移、底下移,各层渐薄,而非中部缺失或底部缺失的层序地层新格架。中期基准面旋回的转换点位于SSC₄中部,转换点以下为下降半旋回,转换点以上为上升半旋回的地层发育模式,并建立了研究区与三肇凹陷统一的高分辨率层序地层格架。该地层格架的建立为后期油藏开发提供可靠地质依据。     

印尼J区块层序地层与沉积相特征研究

利用层序地层学理论,对印尼J区块古近系—新近系的层序地层和沉积相特征进行了研究。古近系—新近系可以分为7个中期基准面旋回（SQ1SQ7）和17个短期基准面旋回。SQ1SQ7沉积时期,沉积环境从陆相河流环境逐渐过渡到三角洲环境和浅海环境,再到河流环境,为一完整的水进-水退旋回。中下部层序上升旋回占主体,属海进式沉积组合序列;上部层序下降旋回占主体,多为海退式沉积组合序列。结合层序特征,指出区块西部凸起带SQ5旋回的浊积砂体、基底风化壳、碳酸盐岩台地和东部斜坡带的下切谷为区块的有利勘探区带。研究结果对该盆地的石油勘探具有指导意义。     

中非BG盆地下白垩统Kubla组高分辨率层序地层学

预测中非BG盆地R区块Kubla组地层砂体在横向、纵向上的重点聚集区,确定有利油气聚集的重点层位.以BG盆地的区域地质、沉积相类型、钻井岩心和测井资料为基础,以高分辨率层序地层学理论及技术方法为指导,采用多级次基准面旋回层序划分和等时对比方案,对R区块Kubla组沉积-层序进行精细分析,识别出长期、中期、短期3个级次的基准面旋回层序,重点对短期和中期旋回层序的划分方式、层序类型和组合叠加式样进行了讨论.确定向上“变深”的非对称型和对称型旋回为各级次旋回层序的主要结构类型.以中期旋回层序为等时地层格架、短期旋回层序作为等时地层单元,建立起R区块Kubla组高分辨率等时地层格架.中期上升半旋回底部和下降半旋回顶部砂体的横向连通性较好,垂向上MSC3上升半旋回底部以及MSC2下降半旋回顶部砂体发育较好,是油气富集的有利层位.     

潮控河口湾环境下的沉积相特征研究——以D-F油田M1油藏为例

综合利用岩心、测井及地震资料,对T区块D-F油田M1油藏进行了层序划分,并建立等时层序地层对比格架,认为M1层为1个四级层序,可划分为M1-Zone、M1SS-1、M1SS-2和M1SS-3共4个五级旋回。在层序划分的基础上,根据岩心中的潮汐韵律层理、交错层理等沉积构造特征及构造演化、生物遗迹等证据,对研究区沉积相类型及特征、沉积相平面及纵向展布特征和沉积相演化模式进行研究。结果表明,地区整体为海侵体系域,沉积相类型为潮控河口湾沉积和陆棚相沉积,潮控河口湾沉积主要发育在M1SS-1、M1SS-2和M1SS-3旋回,微相类型主要有潮汐砂坝沉积、潮汐砂坪沉积、混合坪沉积及潮汐水道沉积等。陆棚相沉积发育在M1-Zone旋回,微相类型包括陆棚砂沉积和陆棚泥沉积。进一步分析沉积相展布和沉积环境特点,推断其沉积模式为河流相和潮控河口湾相—完整的潮控河口湾相—潮控河口湾相和小规模的陆棚相—发育含海绿石砂岩和泥岩的陆棚相。     

城口—鄂西海槽西侧长兴组沉积相特征及其展布规律

在前人对川东地区长兴组沉积相研究成果的基础之上,运用沉积学及层序地层学理论,结合野外剖面的观察和室内岩石薄片的鉴定以及岩石学、古生物学等沉积相标志,分析研究区长兴组沉积相特征。结合城口—鄂西海槽西侧重点勘探区域最新的钻井资料,以及地震解释资料,依据地层等时切片技术,绘制出层序地层格架内沉积相展布图;并分析其演化规律特征。研究表明:长兴组沉积早期发育碳酸盐缓坡沉积模式,长兴中-晚期发育碳酸盐台地沉积模式。其中,碳酸盐缓坡沉积常以薄-中层泥质灰岩与龙潭组顶部的灰岩-硅质条带灰岩互层相接触。研究区长兴组中-晚期碳酸盐台地沉积主要发育了开阔台地相、台地边缘相、台地前缘斜坡相以及盆地相沉积。结合地质资料和地震解释成果分析,进行研究区长兴组有利储集相带预测;并依据条件划分为3个有利相带等级,其中礁滩发育部位为最有利储集相带。     

井震联合高分辨率层序地层分析方法及软件实现

以层序地层学理论为基础,结合地震和测井资料,采用时频分析技术开展高分辨率层序地层划分与对比研究。根据时频计算结果,获得各级层序体的层序旋回特征,结合水进/水退沉积相、沉积间歇面、储层、盖层分布等地质信息,划分沉积地层旋回及内部精细结构。通过井震联合的多尺度匹配方法建立层序地层格架,实现井震资料在相同级别研究目标的综合解释,对经过反射空白区或断层时的两侧反射层位进行对比,从而有效提高储层预测精度,指导地震反演数据的解释,对岩性体进行从定性到定量的精细描述。形成一套完整的层序地层分析软件系统,为薄互层研究和储层预测提供技术平台。     

塔河油田9区三叠系中上统高分辨率层序地层及沉积演化

在塔河油田9区三叠系中上统中识别出1个Ⅳ级层序界面,相应划分为5个长期基准面旋回和14个中期基准面旋回,主要目的层下油组划分为12个短期旋回,建立3种中期基准面旋回层序构型样式.结合各个层序单元的沉积相分析及层序岩相古地理图,塔河油田9区三叠系中上统发育辫状河三角洲-湖泊沉积体系,湖泊进退频繁,上、中、下油组分别为三角洲前缘及三角洲平原沉积,其间泥岩段代表了湖泛沉积.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.