关于体能性项目运动员高原训练中相关因素的分析

阐述高原训练内涵,分析了高原训练对于体能类运动员有可能造成的有利及不利训练后果,在此基础上,剖析了体能类运动员高原训练进行高原训练需要注重四方面问题,即：所上高原的高度选择、高原训练持续时间、高原训练负荷安排和相邻两次高原训练间的时间间隔。     

高原训练的地理学分析

高原训练是当前运动训练中的一个热点。与平原训练相比,它具有一定的特殊性和难度。该文采用文献资料法,从高原训练的生理学基础入手,分析了运动员进行高原训练时所要承受的来自两个方面的缺氧刺激和运动技能提高的理论基础。根据高原的地理分类法与运动训练的关系,从海拔高度、气温、太阳辐射等对人体的影响方面,分析了平原地区运动员和世居高原的运动员的高原训练特点,探讨不同居住地区运动员高原训练的适宜海拔高度,为运动员提高运动成绩提供依据。     

高原交替训练对运动员身体机能和运动能力的影响

高原训练是目前各个国家广泛运用的一种训练手段,其中交替训练对运动员身体机能和运动能力的提高作用与持续训练相比更为明显。不同海拔的高原交替训练有利于运动员对高原环境的逐步适应。中等高度高原-平原-低海拔交叉训练能使运动员适应过程加快,提高机能水平;在中等高度范围内小范围的高度变化对运动员影响不大;在较高高度训练后再回到较低高度训练,运动员运动能力均有不同能力的提高。对交替训练对运动员身体机能和运动能力的影响做了综述,并预计了交替训练在今后的研究趋势。     

高原训练认识误区的训练学解析

针对人们对高原训练理论与实践方面的一些认识误区进行训练学解析,以期人们对高原训练有一个理性的认识和理解,对今后从事高原训练方面的研究提供某些忠告和建议．即高原训练一定要注重运动员的个体化差异,因为不同运动员在高原上对高原缺氧的适应能力存在着很大的个体差异,而这种个体差异直接决定了高原训练的效果,要根据运动员的特点制定个体化训练方案、合理地安排高原训练才是取得良好训练效果的关键．     

山东CBA男子篮球运动员高原训练监控

高原训练是一种旨在提高运动员有氧耐力能力的训练方法,对高原训练过程进行监控,对保证运动员训练效果及训练安全具有重要作用。本次监控以山东CBA男子篮球运动员为监控对象,对运动员的整个高原训练过程进行监控,整个监控过程包括上高原前监控、高原训练监控和高原训练结束后监控三个部分。监控所得的数据为以后的高原训练提供训练依据,也作为评价运动员训练效果的标准。     

山地越野自行车运动员的高原训练

通过实验法对高原训练对山地自行车运动员的训练效果进行了研究,研究表明：在同一高原训练场地,运动员训练成绩有明显提高,1名女运动员提高成绩6min左右,2名女运动员2007年高原训练后最大摄氧量分别达到62.6ml/kg/min和67.5ml/kg/min,运动员血液生化指标在2年的高原训练前后表现出一致的变化规律,但相对平稳,与训练强度和训练量的变化基本一致,并处于比较正常的范围,与平原训练相比没有明显差异。实践证明我们的高原训练是成功的,并发现山地越野自行车项目适宜进行长周期的高原训练。     

高原-平原交替训练与高原-亚高原交替训练对运动员肺功能的影响

目的：探讨不同海拔交替训练对运动员肺功能的影响。方法：长期生活在平原的男子运动员19人,分为两组：高原-平原交替训练组和高原-亚高原交替训练组。采用德国产Cortex MetaMax 3B心肺功能遥测仪同步实时检测运动员在进行1500m测试过程中的各项气体交换参数。结论：（1）高原-平原交替训练组运动员在高原期间峰值摄氧量水平要低于在平原时,运动强度很难保持和在平原一致;运动员训练水平提高后更易受缺氧的影响,峰值摄氧量水平下降更快;运动员在平原进行相同负荷运动时,更易达到更高的运动强度;（2）高原-亚高原交替训练组在亚高原训练后可以更好的过渡到高原进行训练,减少高原训练的适应期,容易保持较高的运动强度;（3）同等负荷运动时,在高原期间运动员的每份通气量水平要低于在平原或亚高原,下到平原或亚高原后显著升高;（4）通过两阶段交替训练,运动员肺功能适应性增强。教练员应根据训练计划和比赛情况选择不同的交替训练模式。     

高原训练对久居亚高原游泳运动员血液学指标的影响

通过对6名久居亚高原游泳运动员进行的高原训练,观察高原训练对其生理指标的综合影响。结果显示:亚高原游泳运动员进行高原训练期间体重、心率变化幅度较小;对HB有利影响与亚高原基础值比较有显著性差异,且高原效应持续时间更长;CK值与亚高原基础值没有显著性差异;BUN值与亚高原基础值比较有显著性差异,但仍然低于7mmol/L。可见,亚高原游泳运动员在高原训练期间,在亚高原训练强度及训练量相同情况下其各项生理指标仍能保持在相对理想范围之内,久居亚高原运动员进行高原训练更有利于提高运动强度与运动量。     

游泳运动员赛前高原训练的阶段划分

高原训练作为一种提高运动员成绩的手段和方法,目前在很多项目中进行了尝试。为了探讨高原训练的实效性,以3个阶段完成了1次高原训练。高原训练划分及要求:第一阶段以大运动量的低有氧耐力训练为主,要求血乳酸控制在3-4mmol/L;第二阶段以无氧阈训练为主,要求血乳酸控制在4-6mmol/L;第三阶段以血乳酸耐受能力训练为主,要求血乳酸控制在8-12mmol/L。在高原训练3周后的比赛中,3名运动员提高了个人最好成绩,2名运动员接近个人最好成绩,证明此次高原训练较好地利用了高原效应,防止了缺氧引起的过度疲劳,在短期内使运动员的能力得到了提高。     

亚高原训练对运动员运动能力的影响

亚高原训练既有一定程度的缺氧刺激,又可以保持平原的训练强度.使得运动员得到足够的强度刺激的同时,又避免了传统高原训练中的运动能力退化的问题,对运动成绩的提高将是非常有利的.本文就如何科学地利用亚高原独特的环境进行训练,提高运动员成绩进行了研究.在综合分析资料的基础上,对甘肃省马拉松运动员亚高原训练期生理生化指标进行监测并做了比较分析,通过对亚高原训练期间及其后续平原训练期间的生理生化指标和运动能力的变化,探讨了亚高原训练对运动能力的影响和亚高原训练的特点及规律.以期为亚高原训练提供理论和实践方面的参考.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with