以缢蛏为主的生态综合养殖池塘氮磷流转研究

养殖池塘生态系统氮(N)、磷(P)的流转及N、P利用率情况常作为评价池塘养殖模式及其水平的重要指标.以缢蛏(Sinonovacula constrzcta)为主的生态综合养殖池塘为研究对象,于2011年4—11月期间每月测定一个水交换周期内池塘的进排水总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、叶绿素a(Chl a),根据养殖记录估算以肥料、饲料和养殖动物苗种输入的N、P含量及养殖动物生长积累的N、P含量,评估以缢蛏为主的生态综合养殖池塘N、P流转情况.结果表明:在输入的N中化肥输入比例最高,约占57.0%;水动力交换输入约占12.9%;饲料输入约占24.0%.在输入的P中最主要的输入是化肥和饲料输入,分别为69.3%和16.9%;水交换输入约为11.6%;罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)苗输入1.1%.在N的输出中,最主要的是水动力交换输出,约占66.0%,被收获养殖动物利用的N约为29.6%,其中罗非鱼14.3%,缢蛏11.5%,对虾3.8%.在P的输出中,水动力交换输出约为69.1%,被收获养殖动物利用的P为22.2%,其中罗非鱼占13.4%,缢蛏占7.8%.约有4.5%的N和约8.7%的P通过渗漏或沉积,形成内源污染.     

珠三角养殖池塘水质模型建立及其应用研究

 以珠江三角洲的基塘式精养池塘为例,经过参数率定、模型验证等工作,建立了地方性精养池塘的水质模型。模型的验证结果表明模型的模拟基本上重现了养殖生产活动过程中生态系统的变化趋势,可以为养殖池塘生态系统的研究和辅助地方的养殖管理工作提供一定的参考。利用建立的养殖池塘的水质模型研究了养殖池塘的水质影响因子和养殖容量的影响因素,研究结果表明：高密度精养池塘氧气的平衡机制已发生了较大的变化,鱼类呼吸已成为耗氧的主要组分,人工增氧的作用已接近甚至超过藻类产氧作用。溶氧浓度易受到各种机制的影响而发生较大的变化。养殖池塘NH + 4-N、PO ^3- 4的主要来源是鱼类代谢,主要消耗是藻类吸收,二者在水中稳定性好。养殖池塘的养殖容量受到许多因素的影响,内因有饵料的可消化率和可利用率,外因有溶氧水平和NH+4-N的累积等。在精养池塘,随着饵料消化率提高,主养鱼容量迅速增长,最终受制于DO的不足和NH + 4-N的累积,套养鱼容量随着主养鱼类的饵料利用率降低而增加,最后受制于DO的不足。如果采用轮放,轮捕的养殖方式,将会更充分的利用养殖空间,进一步扩大养殖容量。     

生态综合养殖池塘氮磷沉积研究

通过使用沉积物捕获器获取沉积物,研究了一生态综合养殖池塘的沉积作用,并利用室内模拟实验研究了缢蛏(Sinonovacula constrzcta)的生物沉积作用,同时分析了池塘沉积物及其间隙水的营养盐;应用Fick第一定律对池塘沉积物-池水界面营养盐通量进行了估算.藻类池颗粒物质的日平均沉积速率为44.59 g/m2,贝类池颗粒物质的日平均沉积速率为14.01 g/m2;两个池塘试验期内(90 d)N、P的净沉积量分别为6061.5 g和3411 g(采样池塘面积各0.5 hm2,水深50~60 cm).结果显示实验期内生态综合养殖池塘沉积作用分别占N、P营养元素输出的2.2%和5.8%(质量分数).     

海水围塘混合养殖生态系统氮磷平衡的研究

研究了海水围塘混合养殖生态系统的氮磷循环,建立了N、P物质平衡方程.结果 表明:海水围塘混合养殖中N的利用率较虾池等精养封闭系统要低,而P的利用率则与之持平;海水围塘混养中N、P的输入主要来源是投饵和肥料,除了10%左右被利用收获外,其余的大部分被换水、渗漏排出,污染附近海域,另有部分沉积在底泥中,形成内源污染.     

利用淡水微藻对畜禽养殖废水的实验研究

以不同浓度的畜禽养殖废水为对象,研究藻菌体系对废水中的NH4+-N、TP和COD的去除效果。结果表明:藻菌体系对不同浓度的畜禽养殖废水的处理效果不同,当废水中NH4+-N、TP和COD浓度分别小于44.4 mg/L、6.4 mg/L和500 mg/L时,藻菌微生物的生长速度快、生物量大,对废水处理效果好;当处理时间为6 d时,NH4+-N、TP和COD的去除率分别大于90%、84%和80%,该实验结果为构建高效藻类塘提供理论依据。     

菊花心江蓠对排海污水的生物净化

该文通过自然条件下菊花心江蓠对排海污水的生物净化实验,研究了菊花心江蓠对N、P等的吸收规律.实验前3d,菊花心江蓠迅速吸收水体中NH4-N.当介质中NH4-N浓度低于0.01mg.L-1时,NO3-N浓度迅速降低.实验过程中,菊花心江蓠对TP吸收较为缓慢,经过11d修复,Ⅰ～Ⅵ各组TP降解率分别为67.90％、90.01％、95.63％、84.16％、91.75％、93.61％.     

开封市龙亭湖水体沉积物中N、P污染分析

以龙亭湖西湖为研究对象,共采集到23个水体样品和23个沉积物样品,据此分析测定水体和沉积物中TN、TP、NH4．N、NO3．N、NO2．N、PO4等含量,并对N、P各种存在形态进行分析测定．通过对水体和沉积物污染状况。以及沉积物污染对上覆水体水质影响的研究表明：对照地表水国家标准GB-3838-2002氨氮含量标准,龙亭湖水体上覆水集中于1、2、3、4类,其中3类水所占比例最高;沉积物对上覆水体NH4-N、NO3-N起到一定程度的净化作用,却是NO2．N、PO4的储存库,是龙亭湖上覆水体的一个内在污染源．研究结果为龙亭湖水体污染治理提供重要的决策依据．     

海水池塘养殖园区排放水综合生态净水技术研究

本研究以海水池塘养殖园区排放水集中设施化处理为切入点,集成泡沫分离、生物滤池及大型藻等多种生态修复技术,构建了海水池塘养殖园区排放水综合生态净水系统。经过综合生态净水系统处理,池塘养殖排放水中化学耗氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH4-N)、亚硝氮(NO2-N)、硝氮(NO3-N)、溶解无机氮(DIN)及活性磷酸盐(DIP)综合去除率平均分别为40.84%、89.37%、86.88%、93.75%、78.74%和59.73%。通过该技术可明显改善园区排放水质量,基本可以实现各项指标的达标排放。     

助剂对石油污染土壤生物修复的强化作用

在添加高效降解菌剂的基础上,研究了营养物质的种类、添加量以及不同表面活性剂对石油污染土壤修复效果的影响。结果表明,营养物质种类对修复过程的影响显著,添加N、P含量较高的硝基磷酸铵以及自行配制的NH4NO3:NH4H2PO4=5:1混合肥料的处理石油降解率比对照分别提高15.1%以及17.2%,当土壤中C:N的比例控制在100:7.05~100:9.4之间时,修复效果较好,且肥料的添加宜采用少量多次的原则;添加表面活性剂的处理中,鼠李糖脂的处理效果最好,石油降解率比对照提高8%,优于其他化学表面活性剂处理。     

盐度对DMBR处理养殖废水脱氮效能的影响

采用动态膜生物反应器(DMBR)处理养殖废水,考察盐度为0～3 000mg·L-1时动态膜生物反应器的脱氮效能.结果表明:DMBR对养殖废水的CODMn和NH3-N的去除效果保持稳定,分别为93%,87%左右;在盐度提高到1 000mg·L-1后,DMBR内反硝化速率明显提高,对NO3-N的去除率提高到97%,总氮去除率也达到94%.在盐度为0～3 000mg·L-1下,DMBR处理养殖废水的出水水质达到SC/T 9101-2007《淡水池塘养殖水排放要求》中的一级排放标准.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.