基于相关光谱和差分检测的气体传感系统

基于相关光谱和差分检测技术提出了一种新型的光纤气体传感系统,实现了对微量气体的高灵敏度、高准确度、实时在线检测.首先对该系统进行了详尽的理论分析,然后在合理选择实验器件的基础上搭建了一个光纤气体传感系统,测量乙炔气体的体积分数.该系统不仅消除了光强波动及待测气体中杂质气体的干扰,而且也避免了周围环境中噪声和杂散光的影响.实验结果表明,系统的分辨力可达0.5‰,测量灵敏度为6.62μV,最大绝对误差为0.15‰,相对误差为7.5%,稳定性为2.27%,重复性误差为0.817%.     

基于空芯光子晶体光纤的反射式气体传感器

以光子晶体光纤(PCF)为研究对象,以提高气体测量灵敏度为研究目标,提出一种反射式的光纤气体传感技术.首先,利用宽谱光源谐波检测技术,并结合实际应用需求,设计了基于空芯PCF的反射式气体传感系统,并详细分析了系统的工作原理.然后,针对空芯PCF与单模光纤耦合困难、气体填充时间长的问题,设计了集密封、固定及连接于一体的机械耦合装置作为测量气室.最后,以乙炔气体为例,测试了该系统的传感特性,体积分数分辨力可达0.02%,最大相对误差为1.39%.该技术将进一步推动PCF在气体传感中的应用,并为其在实际气体浓度测量中的应用提供了理论和实验基础.     

微弱气体光声光谱监测光声信号影响因素分析

气体光声光谱检测技术灵敏度高,不消耗被测气体,能很好地应用于变压器油中溶解微弱气体的在线监测。检测中,微音器输出的光声信号是进行气体浓度分析的唯一特征量。基于光声光谱技术的基本原理,构建了一种便携式、可调谐的光声光谱装置。在分析气体光声信号激发机理的基础上,结合实验深入探讨了影响气体光声信号的多种因素,获得气体光声信号与压力、温度、激光功率、气体浓度、背景气体、斩波频率及谐振频率漂移之间的关系曲线,理论及实验结果为进一步完善油中气体光声光谱在线监测系统提供了技术参照和支撑。     

高灵敏度光纤气体传感器的研究

研究了差分吸收式光谱吸收型光纤气体传感器．基于NO2的光谱吸收特性,设计了一种检测NO2浓度的光纤传感系统,以LED作为光源,采用双波长差分检测技术,有效消除了由光源、光纤和传感头的不稳定所引起的检测误差,提高了检测灵敏度,大大增加了该传感器的适用性．     

差分吸收光谱技术在大气监测领域中的应用

随着人类经济的高速发展,环境污染和生态破坏日益严重,突发性环境污染事件也时有发生。如何防治污染、保护环境,成为当代科学的一个课题。痕量气体光谱分析技术检测大气污染具有检测范围广、速度快、成本低,且便于进行长期的动态检测等优势。差分光学吸收光谱技术(DOAS)是探测大气中痕量气体成分的现代光谱遥测技术。由于其高准确性和高分辨率、可同时对多种气体进行测量等优点被广泛用于城市空气质量、污染源排放(如:高速公路、企业排放)、对流层和平流层的大气痕量气体成分及自由基的测量。它可以同时测量大气中多种气体分子,如CO2、SO2、NOx等。本文介绍了主要介绍差分吸收光谱技术的原理、测量精度影响因素及其在大气监测领域中的应用。     

基于差分吸收光谱法的烷烃气体检测系统的研制

利用差分吸收光谱（DOAS）技术研制开发了一套烷烃类气体检测实验系统,在该实验系统上测量了CH4的吸收光谱以及吸收截面,并利用这些参数开展了CH4气体浓度反演算法的研究.实验结果表明：在常温常压下,CH4的检测结果与标准浓度之间的线性拟合系数R2为0.9998,误差小于3%,CH4的最低检测限为0.01%.这些工作为烷烃光谱录井仪的研发奠定了基础.     

烟雾箱内甲烷气体的腔增强吸收光谱

用DFB半导体激光器作光源的腔增强吸收光谱(CEAS)技术测量了烟雾箱中甲烷气体在近红外波段的光谱吸收,获得了烟雾箱内甲烷气体在1 315 nm附近的吸收光谱;将测得的光谱数据与Hitran 2004数据库给出的光谱参数做了比较,发现了几条尚未被Hitran 2004数据库收入的甲烷分子的新谱线;同时对CEAS技术定量测量烟雾箱内甲烷气体的能力和稳定性做了研究.结果表明,CEAS技术完全可以用来测量烟雾箱内甲烷气体的吸收光谱,可以作为烟雾箱检测方法的一种补充.     

基于TDLAS的甲烷传感器高灵敏信号处理方法研究

基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱,提出了一种新的数字信号处理方法用于提高吸收光谱测量的灵敏度。将该方法应用于瓦斯气体探测实验,研究结果表明：采用卡尔曼滤波可以使波长调制光谱的信噪比提高一个数量级,由于该方法不需要增加系统设备的成本,故比其他噪声抑制技术有更实用价值。     

LIBS技术在线检测重金属污染物的应用研究

指出了激光击穿光谱(LIBS)是一种新型的元素分析技术,具有灵敏度高、快速、可多元素同时测量并可在线检测等优点,非常适合针对环境中重金属污染物的实时在线检测.利用自行搭建的一套激光击穿光谱实验装置,开展了对烟气、污水、土壤中重金属的LIBS探测的实验研究,实验结果表明:LIBS技术为解决环境中重金属污染物的实时在线检测提供了技术支持,为将该技术利用到环境保护领域奠定了基础.     

离轴积分腔输出光谱技术在变压器油中甲烷气体检测中的应用

研究变压器油中溶解的甲烷(CH_4)气体的高灵敏光学检测方法。基于离轴积分腔输出光谱技术,利用分布反馈半导体激光器实现了一种CH4的离轴积分腔输出光谱检测装置。该装置对CH_4的检测灵敏度达到4.1u L/L,为变压器油中CH_4的在线监测设计提供了参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.