熔盐Cr-Ti碳化物复合层涂覆技术

对表面镀铬、渗铬的钢件进行硼砂熔盐浸渍渗钛处理，可形成多元碳化物复合层。其抗冲击疲劳及抗介质腐蚀性能均明显优于单一渗钛层。应用Ｘ－ｒａｙ衍射及电子探针技术，确定了复合层的结构。     

激光熔覆ＴｉＢ－ＴｉＣ/Ｃｏ基复合涂层宏观形貌研究

为了改善Ｑ２３５钢表面合金涂层的成形质量,利用激光熔覆技术在Ｑ２３５钢试样表面制备了ＴｉＢＴｉＣ/Ｃｏ基复合涂层,表面的润湿性逐渐降低,基体对熔覆层的稀释率逐渐减小;随着熔覆层搭接率增加,熔覆层表面平整度逐渐增加,搭接区域均熔合良好,未出现气孔、夹杂等明显缺陷,但搭接区微观组织明显粗化;随着扫描速度增加,熔覆层表面平整度逐渐变差,润湿角和稀释率明显减小;随着激光输出功率增加,熔覆层的表面形貌、润湿角和稀释率变化规律正好相反。通过对试验结果的研究了工艺参数对激光熔覆ＴｉＢ－ＴｉＣ/Ｃｏ基复合涂层宏观形貌的影响。结果表明:随着预置粉末层厚度增加,熔覆材料在基体综合分析,使熔覆层能获得良好宏观形貌的工艺参数为:光斑尺寸为５ｍｍ;搭接率为５０％;激光输出功率为２.３ｋＷ;扫描速度为４ｍｍ/ｓ。     

钢表面激光熔覆TiC_P/Fe基合金复合耐磨涂层

在２０钢表面用激光束熔覆了ＴｉＣ颗粒与Ｆｅ基自熔合金复合耐磨涂层。对涂层的组织、化学成分、硬度及耐磨性进行了分析。结果表明，熔覆层主要由γ－Ｆｅ，α－Ｆｅ（马氏体）和ＴｉＣ颗粒组成。为获得平整而无裂纹的表面复合涂层，随预涂覆层的ＴｉＣ量的增加，所需激光能量密度提高，复合涂层的硬度及耐磨性也随之增加。     

熔盐法在合金钢表面涂覆碳化钛的实验研究

在ＮａＣｌ－ＫＣｌ－Ｋ＿２ＴｉＦ＿６盐浴炉中进行了合金钢表面涂覆ＴｉＣ的实验研究，研究了熔盐组成、反应温度、恒温时间和气氛等因素对合金钢表面ＴｉＣ涂层厚度、硬镀和耐腐蚀性能的影响，确定了最佳涂覆工艺条件为：９５０℃常压惰性气氛下恒温３ｈ，熔盐组成为３０％Ｋ＿２ＴｉＦ＿６－ＮａＣｌ－ＫＣｌ，对涂覆ＴｉＣ机理进行了讨论。     

PCVD—TiC膜的工艺及其应用研究

通过正交试验对ＰＣＶＤ－ＴｉＣ膜的镀膜工艺参数进行了优化，得到了制备高硬工，高结合牢度和高沉积速度ＴｉＣ膜的工艺参数。试验表明，在用ＰＣＶＤ法沉积ＴｉＣ膜的过程中，ＴｉＣｌ５和ＣＨ４的流量是重要的控制参数。过多的ＴｉＣｌ４和ＣＨ４都会给ＴｉＣ膜带来不利的影响。     

乙烯在Ziegler-Natta催化剂上配位活化的量子化学模拟

采用ＣＮＤＯ／２法计算了乙烯在Ｚｉｅｇｌｅｒ－Ｎａｔａ催化剂主体ＴｉＣｌｎ（ｎ＝４，３，２）上的配位活化机理．计算结果表明，三价钛（Ｔｉ３＋）较四价钛（Ｔｉ４＋）和二价钛（Ｔｉ２＋）更有利于乙烯的配位活化．通过分子轨道能级、轨道特征以及Ｍｕｌｉｋｅｎ约化重叠集居等数据，分析了为何Ｔｉ３＋较Ｔｉ４＋和Ｔｉ２＋更有利于乙烯配位活化这一实验现象．     

乙烯在Ziegeler—Natte催化剂上配位活化的量子化学模拟

采用ＣＮＤＯ／２法计算了乙炮在Ｚｉｅｇｌｅｒ－Ｎａｔｔａ催化剂主体ＴｉＣｌｎ（ｎ＝４，３，２）上的配位活化机理。计算结果表明，三阶钛（Ｔｉ＾３＋）较四价钛（Ｔｉ＾４＋）和二阶钛（Ｔｉ＾２＋）更有利于乙烯的配位活化通过分子轨道能级、轨道特征以及Ｍｕｌｌｉｋｅｎ约化重叠集居等数据，分析了为何Ｔｉ＾３＋较Ｔｉ＾４＋和Ｔｉ＾２＋更有 利于乙烯配位活化这一实验现象。     

过渡塑性相工艺制造Ti-B-C复合陶瓷材料

给出了以ＴｉＨ２和Ｂ４Ｃ为原料通过过渡塑性相工艺（ｔｒａｎｓｉｅｎｔｐｌａｓｔｉｃｐｈａｓｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇ）制备Ｔｉ－Ｂ－Ｃ复合陶瓷材料的方法。同时进行了ＴｉＨ２－Ｂ４Ｃ体系和Ｔｉ－Ｂ４Ｃ体系的对比实验，结果表明，ＴｉＨ２在８００℃以下分解获得高性能的Ｔｉ粉和Ｂ４Ｃ发生了如下反应：（３＋ｘ）Ｔｉ＋Ｂ４Ｃ→２ＴｉＢ２＋（１＋ｘ）ＴｉＣ１１＋ｘ（０≤ｘ≤１）。在相同条件下以ＴｉＨ２作为过渡塑性相的ＴｉＨ２－Ｂ４Ｃ体系比Ｔｉ－Ｂ４Ｃ体系具有优越的烧结性能，在１６００℃时热压烧结４ｈ可以获得高性能的ＴｉＢ２－ＴｉＣｘ复合陶瓷材料（断裂韧性为７．７ＧＰａｍ１／２，抗弯强度为７６５ＭＰａ）。还利用Ｘ衍射和扫描电镜对这种材料的显微结构进行了研究。     

低价钛引起的异氰酸苯酯的反应

在低价钛（ＴｉＣｌ４－Ｚｎ）试剂作用下，研究异氰酸苯酯的还原偶联反应。     

MCM-48中掺杂钛对催化氧化活性的影响

以掺杂钛的ＭＣＭ－４８中介孔分子筛为催化剂,对α－十八碳醇和α－二十碳醇转化为相应的酸进行了考察．对催化性能进行了评价．结果表明,Ｔｉ－ＭＣＭ－４８催化剂钛含量对催化氧化活性有影响     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.