透明导电薄膜ZnO∶Al的组织结构分析

Zno∶Al(ZAO)透明导电薄膜具有高的载离子浓度和大的光学禁带宽度,因而具有优异的电学和光学性能,极具应用价值.本文研究了ZAO薄膜的微观组织结构、化学成分、及其应用前景.     

一种三明治结构透明导电薄膜的制备及光电性能

采用直流磁控溅射法制备了ZAO/Cu/ZAO多层透明导电薄膜,研究了参铝氧化锌(ZAO)薄膜厚度对多层膜晶体结构和光电特性的影响.用X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜、紫外可见光分光光度计及四探针对样品的晶体结构与光电性能等进行了表征.结果表明,多层膜的平均透过率最高达86%,方块电阻达9/sq;ZAO膜层厚度对多层膜的导电性能影响很小,但严重影响可见光透过率;多层膜中的ZAO层仍呈ZnO晶态结构,且具有明显的c轴取向特征.这种三明治结构是一种性能优良的太阳能透明导电层候选材料.     

ZAO透明导电纳米薄膜中Al元素分布对其性能的影响

主要对直流反应磁控溅射法制备ZAO纳米薄膜中Al元素的相对含量进行了分析,对其作了EDS,XRD测试,并研究了Al质量分数与ZAO薄膜的光、电性能的关系·得出ZAO薄膜中成分是均匀的,具有ZnO晶体结构;Al元素的掺杂没有形成新的化合物(Al2O3),Al对Zn的掺杂替换是提高ZAO薄膜导电性能的关键因素,对薄膜在可见光区的透射性影响不大·制备的薄膜最低电阻率为4 5×10-4Ω·cm,可见光透射率达到80%以上·     

磁控溅射制备参数对 ZnO:Al电学性能的影响

ZnO:Al(ZAO)透明导电薄膜是一种n型半导体,有高的载离子浓度和大的光学禁带宽度,具有优异的电学和光学性能,有极广的应用前景.本文介绍了ZAO薄膜的广泛用途和今后研究的趋势,并着重分析了磁控溅射制备参数对电学性能的影响.     

直流磁控溅射制备透明导电ZAO薄膜退火处理时间的研究

为改进太阳能薄膜材料制备工艺,利用直流磁控溅射方法,在较高氩气压强——12.7 Pa下制备出透明导电掺铝ZnO(ZAO)薄膜,并对其进行退火处理时间的研究。与其他研究者不同,利用较高压强也制备出高性能ZAO薄膜,并且可以利用退火处理改善薄膜的晶体结构、内应力、表面形貌以及光电性能。薄膜的电阻率随着退火时间的增加而降低,从原位沉积时的3.5×10-3Ω.cm,下降到1.9×10-3Ω.cm;薄膜的平均透光率增加到80%以上,光谱吸收边发生蓝移。结果表明,退火2 h,ZAO性能改善最优。     

衬底温度对射频溅射沉积ZAO透明导电薄膜性能的影响

利用射频磁控溅射法制备了ZAO透明导电薄膜,通过XRD、SEM等手段对薄膜特性进行测试分析,研究了衬底温度对薄膜结构、表面形貌及其光电性能的影响.结果表明:衬底温度从300 ℃增加到400 ℃时,薄膜晶粒增大,晶粒结构分布规则,电阻率快速下降,可见光平均透过率明显提高.当衬底温度为400 ℃时ZAO薄膜的电阻率为2×10-3 Ω*cm、透过率为84 %,但是当衬底温度进一步升高时,薄膜性质将呈现下降趋势.     

ZAO透明半导体薄膜的研究

采用直流磁控溅射ZAO陶瓷靶的工艺,在玻璃衬底上成功地镀刺了ZAO透明半导体膜,获得了电阻率6×10^-4Ωcm和可见光透过率85％以上的ZAO薄膜最佳光电特性参数．     

ZnO:Al(ZAO)薄膜的特性研究

用直流磁控反应溅射技术制备了综合性能优良的ZnO:Al(ZAO)薄膜.X光衍射(XRD)、光电子能谱(XPS)和Auger电子能谱(AES)等分析结果表明,适量的铝掺杂和氧流量可有效地控制Al2O3相的生成.铝在薄膜表面的存在形式单一,并且Zn,O,Al各元素纵向分布均匀.理论与实验研究表明,对于高度简并的ZAO半导体薄膜,在温度较低时,离化杂质散射占主导地位;温度较高时,晶格振动散射将成为主要的散射机制;晶界散射仅当晶粒尺寸较小(与电子的平均自由程相当)时才起作用.此外,优化工艺参数可获得低电阻率(～5×10-4Ωcm)的ZAO薄膜.在可见光区,其透射率＞80%;在近中红外光区,其反射率＞60%.     

薄膜厚度对ZAO透明导电膜性能的影响

采用直流反应磁控溅射法,用Al含量为2%的Zn/Al合金靶材,室温下在玻璃衬底上制备了ZAO透明导电薄膜样品.在其他参数不变的情况下,由不同溅射时间得到不同的薄膜厚度,研究了薄膜的结构性质、光学和电学性质随薄膜厚度的变化关系.制备的ZnO:Al薄膜具有(002)面的单一择优取向的多晶六角纤锌矿结构,电阻率为5.1×10-4Ω.cm,平均透射率达到88%.     

磁控溅射制备参数对ZnO∶Al光学性能的影响

ZnO∶A l(ZAO)透明导电薄膜是一种n型半导体,有高的载离子浓度和大的光学禁带宽度,具有优异的电学和光学性能,有极广的应用前景.着重分析了磁控溅射制备参数对光学性能的影响.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-