多载波CDMA上行链路中的盲信道估计算法

介绍了OFDM的多载波CDMA系统上行链路中的一种盲信道估计算法。通过分析接收端的信号，利用接受信号和已知扩频码的二阶统计性估计出目标用户的信道脉冲响应。最后的仿真结果表明，该算法比把目标用户以外的用户信息当作噪声的算法具有更好的性能。     

多用户多径环境下DOA估计算法研究

针对移动通信中多用户多径环境下的DOA估计问题，提出利用CARE算法求出各用户的空间循征矢量，进而利用基于对称阵列的改进MUSIC算法求出各用户对应多径信号DOA的联合算法，仿真结果表明：结合CARE算法，基于对称阵列的改进MUSIC算法能自动对多用户的DOA进行分组，并能对每个用户的多径相干信号进行DOA估计，不需要做平滑计算，不需要判断多径信号的个数，不增加计算量。     

阵列天线MC-CDMA系统用户波达方向估计

提出了一种阵列天线MC-CDMA系统用户波达方向估计算法.该算法首先利用MC-CDMA系统用户扩频码的正交性、子载波频域分集性,进行用户信号的分离、多址干扰的抑制和用户信号的增强,然后再通过传统波达方向估计的子空间算法实现用户信号波达方向的估计.仿真结果显示所提出算法在估计阵列天线MC-CDMA系统用户波达方向时,波达角估计误差很小,表明了算法的有效性.     

非同步DS-CDMA系统中多径时延的估计

在使用阵列天线的DS-CDMA系统的基站中，利用改进的Direct Matrix Inversion（DMI）算法对接收到的定位信号进行TOA估计，其精度可以小于一个码片宽度，并可分辨出每个用户各条主要的多径信号，取其中有最小TOA的路径为主径，用于用户的位置估计，讨论了算法中各种参数的影响，进一步用RLS盲算法对用户的TOA进行跟踪。     

异步带限DS/CDMA系统中用户识别和时延估计

讨论了适合异步带限DS／CDMA系统的用户识别和时延估计算法,该算法基于最小输出能量（MOE）准则,可分为两个阶段：用户识别和时延估计。用户识别阶段用于判别用户是否传输信号,条件仅为已知用户扩频码。若用户传输信号,一个粗略的时延估计可同时得到,那么后续的时延估计阶段将通过有效的搜索策略来获得精确的时延估计。仿真结果表明,该用户识别／时延估计算法具有抗远近效应能力,时延估计精度高于子空间方法,根据亿真结果,提出了一个改进型算法“先时延估计,后用户识别。该改进型算法可大大提高用户识别性能。     

基于核独立成分分析的盲多用户检测算法

针对部分多用户检测算法需要对信道参数进行估计的缺点，提出了一种基于核独立成分分析的盲多用户检测算法．该算法根据源信号的不同分布情况，在重建核希尔伯特空间内选取不同的非线性函数作为对比函数，将信号从低维空间映射到高维空间．在高维空间，接收端利用已知信息，将目标用户扩频码作为解混矩阵的初始值，利用自适应方法进行迭代，有效地解决了盲信号分离的无序性，实现了目标用户信号的提取．仿真实验表明，该算法的误码率性能在用户数量增大和远近效应严重的情况下都远优于基于匹配滤波器的单用户检测器，与传统独立成分分析方法相比更具灵活性和鲁棒性．     

高速环境下多小区联合信道估计算法

在已经投入运行的高铁列车环境下,存在着频繁的小区切换和小区接入过程,而这两个过程都产生强的相邻小区干扰.在接收端进行信号检测时,单个小区联合检测必须扩展到多个小区联合检测,相应的信道估计算法也必须扩展到多小区.传统信道估计算法对本小区和相邻小区进行信道估计时,其他小区的用户信号均被视为噪声,增加了噪声的总功率,低了信道估计精度,最终降低了多个小区联合检测算法的性能.本文提出的信道估计算法把相邻小区的强干扰用户纳入信道估计矩阵来降低噪声,达到提高信道估计精度的目的.仿真表明,该算法同时提高了本小区用户信道估计精度和邻小区强干扰用户信道估计精度.     

一种基于非参数似然比准则的ICA盲检测算法

为抑制CDMA系统中的多址干扰,提出一种基于非参数似然比准则的ICA盲检测算法.该算法直接由观测信号样本出发,使用核函数估计分离信号的概率密度函数,并结合梯度下降法和似然比准则进行目标用户的信号检测.计算机仿真及与其他算法的比较表明,该算法抑制多址干扰的能力介于FastICA检测和最小均方误差(MMSE)检测之间.     

CDMA移动用户多径时延的盲估计

提出了一种将MUSIC算法推广应用于CDMA移动台进行多径时延估计的新方法。该方法结合用户的特征序列,不需要导频信号,直接对接收的用户信号进行时延估计,为处于小区边界的用户同时利用几个基站发射的信号实现多径分集、改善性能创造了条件。     

一种关于混沌数字通信系统的算法

介绍了一种多用户混沌数字通信系统的优化估计算法.该算法的目的是估计每个独立用户发送的混沌信号,并由此来估计信号的信息量.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-