基于频域GPS信标提取电离层闪烁信息的方法

GPS(global positioning system)信标提取电离层闪烁信息的传统方法十分依赖于GPS硬件接收机对电离层闪烁信号的连续捕获和准确跟踪,而电离层闪烁发生特别是强闪烁情况下信号往往很弱,极易发生接收机的信号失锁,导致闪烁信息丢失的现象.针对这一问题,以构建软件GPS接收机为基本前提,提出一种基于快速傅里叶变换的频域处理方法用于计算电离层幅度闪烁指数.模拟计算结果表明:新方法计算得到的闪烁指数避免了系统误差,具有较高的精度.     

Storm-time ionospheric disturbances monitored by GPS beacon measurements

The Total Electron Content (TEC) during three great storms, from April to August 2000, was collected by means of a GPS receiver located in Jingzhou (30.4° N, 112.2° E). The time-latitude-dependent features of ionospheric storms are identified using TEC difference images based on the deviations of TEC during storm relative to quiet time. The responses of ionospheric TEC to magnetic storms were analyzed. The results show that: 1) In middle and low latitude, ionospheric storms effects are more apparent in local day time than at night: 2) Ionospheric storm effects are more dominant near the hump of the equatorial anomaly region than in other regions of TEC measurements; 3) The positive effects during the main phase of ionospheric storm may be caused by electric fields in low latitude; 4) During the recovery period of ionospheric storm, the negative phase of storm may be due to the perturbation of the neutral gas composition. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (49984001) Biography: Pei Xiao-hong (1977-), male, Master candidate, research direction: studying ionosphere on GPS beacons.     

Design and implementation of hardware architecture in ionospheric oblique backscattering sounding system

The ionospheric oblique backscattering sounding system can not only be used to detect the state of ionosphere and the condition of high frequency channel in real time, but also be used for over-the-horizon sounding. So, it has a very high military and civil value. For the characteristics of ionospheric oblique backscattering sounding, such as long sounding distance, wake echo, strong background noise, slow moving target, etc., a hardware platform of ionospheric oblique backscattering sounding system is designed. This platform adopts the technology of software radio and is designed as a new kind of general-purpose, modularized, software-based ionosonde that is based on VXI (Versa module eurocard eXtensions for Instrumentation) bus. At present, this hardware platform has been successfully used in actual ionospheric oblique backscattering sounding, and the experimental results demonstrate that this system can satisfy the demands of ionospheric oblique backscattering sounding preferably. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40474066)     

Ionospheric responses to a total solar eclipse deduced by the GPS beacon observations

The total electron content (TEC) data during the total eclipse of March 9, 1997 were collected, which were observed by means of nine GPS receivers located at the eastern Asia. The responses of total TEC to the eclipse were analyzed. The results show that: 1) the eclipse led to apparent decrement in TEC that lasted for six to eight hours; 2) the maximum decrement occurred after the middle of the eclipse with time-delays varying from twenty minutes to about three hours; 3) the maximum absolute deviations of TEC on the eclipse day do not show a simple and consistent relationship to the maximum solar obscuration. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(49684002) Biography: CHEN An-hua (1976-), female, Master candidate. Research interests: studying ionosphere by GPS beacons.     

Radio wave propagation effects produced by chemical releases in the ionosphere

As an effective means to actively modify the ionosphere,chemical release can produce artificial ionospheric holes as a consequence of ionization depletion,which can greatly impact on radio wave propagation.In this paper,on the basis of the pre-study results on ionospheric disturbances produced by some representative chemical releases,the radio waves propagation effects of ionospheric holes that are produced by two different release species,water(H2O) and sulfur hexafluoride(SF6),had been investigated and simulated by the three-dimensional(3-D) numerical ray tracing.The results show that ① the appearance of various artificial ionospheric holes can lead to certain decrease of critical frequency in the ionosphere,and ② when the wave frequency exceeds the critical frequency,the rays should be multiple reflections or penetrate through the ionospheric hole and focus afterwards with the focus altitude elevated for higher frequencies.This work may provide the necessary theoretical support for chemical release experiments and the evaluation of radio wave propagation effects.     

数字电离层建设的必要性

 实际应用中,针对不同的电离层电波传播效应,对不同的电离层参量特性,需采用不同手段的观测或不同参量模式的预测预报,解决不同的应用需求。这种"各自为阵"的方式不仅浪费资源,应用效果也较差。为此,本文提出了数字电离层概念,即综合利用中国已有及已经立项的空地多源立体探测体系,在电离层模式化研究的基础上,通过数据融合和数据同化,用数字化方式描述电离层状态参量过去、现在和未来的状况,高效统筹解决各类工程应用中对不同电离层参量的需求。介绍了数字电离层建设的必要性和国内外现状,重点说明了其主要内容和面临的技术瓶颈。     

Automatic data acquisition system and reconstruction algorithm for computerized ionospheric tomography

The design and operation features of the automatic data acquisition system for the low-latitude ionospheric tomography along the 120°E meridian are presented. The system, automatically collects the differential Doppler phase data, and GPS satellite beacon signal is simultaneously collected to achieve time synchronization of all recelvers in whole station-chain. An improved reconstruction algorithm of computerized ionospheric tomography is also proposed, in which calculating of the integral phase constant and choosing of the initial guess are integrated in the procedure of reconstruction and evaluated by the reconstructed image. Both numerical simulation examples and reconstructed results from observed data show that the new algorithm works reasonably and effectively with ionospheric CT problems. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (49584006) Biography: WU Xiong-bin (1968-), male, Ph. D candidate. Research direction: computerized ionospheric tomography.     

用于接收脉冲射频调相信号的锁相接收机

基于对某航天器用救援示位标的测试需要,针对示位标低码速率调相、调幅双重调制射频信号的特点,介绍了一个接收脉冲射频调相信号的接收机.接收机实现了下变频、脉冲射频载波恢复和基带信号解调.研制成功的锁相接收机已经应用于某航天器示位标的测试,得到了满意的结果.     

A generalized trigonometric series function model for determining ionospheric delay

A generalized trigonometric series function (GTSF) model, with an adjustable number of parameters, is proposed and analyzed to study ionosphere by using GPS, especially to provide ionospheric delay correction for single frequency GPS users. The preliminary results show that, in comparison with the trigonometric series function (TSF) model and the polynomial (POLY) model, the GTSF model can more precisely describe the ionospheric variation and more efficiently provide the ionospheric correction when GPS data are used to investigate or extract the earth's ionospheric total electron content. It is also shown that the GTSF model can further improve the precision and accuracy of modeling local ionospheric delays.     

基于无源信标的天波OTHR目标跟踪

为了削弱电离层分层结构引起的"多径"效应,减小电离层高度难以准确获取带来的跟踪误差,提出了基于无源信标的目标跟踪方法。通过雷达发射高频信号,建立等效电离层传播模型,并利用无源信标修正电离层高度,其中跟踪过程分为两个阶段:先进行初次跟踪,将跟踪结果与信标对比,反演出等效电离层虚高,再利用修正虚高跟踪未知目标。针对实测数据的分析结果表明,与多假设航迹融合算法相比,本方法具有更高的精确性和适应性。     

地球局部曲率中心修正特征的讨论

GPS掩星探测技术可以探测中性大气获得全球大气折射率、气压、密度、温度和湿度等气象参数,该技术基本原理是基于信号多普勒观测和球对称大气的几何光学近似下Abel积分反演,获得大气廓线.在归算过程中,需要考虑地球曲率、电离层传播时间延迟、大气大尺度水平梯度、多路径传播现象等物理因素对大气反演廓线的精度影响.研究了在标准大气模式下地球局部曲率中心相对于地球中心位置变化并拟合其最佳逼近函数,研究成果可以为相关领域的研究提供参考.     

A study on ionospheric HF channel with bitemporal response and scattering function

At first the bitemporal response method is introduced to solve the scattering function of the ionospeeric channel. We can get the scattering function, as a function, of the group path time delay and Doppler frequency. Thus Doppler effect resulting from the continuous movement of the ionosphere is analyzed to study the characteristics of the various ionospheric irregularities and diturbance. many possible problems and correction are researched lastly. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (69571020) and the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (RFDP1999048602) Biography: Chong Yan-wen(1972-), male, Ph. D. candidate, research direction: ionospheric modeling and inversion.     

电波传播与天线专业的教学实验研究

针对武汉大学电波传播与天线专业的特点,利用"电离层探测系统",设计并实现了电波在电离层中传播的综合教学实验。作者将科学研究设备用于教学实验的尝试,使学生对地基电离层探测的原理和方法有了一定的认识,加深了对电离层中的电波传播理论的理解和认知,对无线电波在空间探测中的应用有了一定的认识,培养了学生利用现代电子信息科学技术对无线电系统及信息获取进行分析、设计和综合应用的能力以及科学研究的兴趣。     

GPS非差数据周跳探测的TECR-MW综合法

针对电离层总电子含量变化率(TECR)方法和双频码相组合(MW)方法探测周跳各自的局限性,综合利用TECR法和MW法进行周跳探测。首先采用TECR法探测周跳,然后用MW法进行第2次探测,最后综合电离层TECR法和MW法的宽巷模糊度探测L₁频率和L₂频率上发生的周跳。这种综合探测法不受接收机与卫星间的几何距离、接收机钟差和卫星钟差、电离层折射的影响。采用实测数据进行试验,结果表明,综合利用TECR法与MW法探测GPS周跳比采用单一方法探测周跳更加有效、可靠。     

利用GPS方法对1998-11-22太阳耀斑引起的电离层TEC变化的观测研究

利用GPS伪距+载波相位联合数据处理方法具体分析了1998-11-22耀斑爆发期间北京、上海、武汉、西安GPS观测数据得到的电离层TEC。此次耀斑爆发引起了设在北京的高频多普勒长达15min左右的无线电短波中断。通过对GPS得到的电离层TEC进行分析发现： 此次耀斑造成了大面积的电离层TEC的增加,耀斑爆发引起的最大TEC增幅在1.25个TEC单位左右;利用高精度的GPS数据处理方法可研究耀斑引起的电离层扰动。另外,还分析了由GPS计算的TEC的时空变化特点。     

无线遥控视频监控小车的设计

为解决远距离无线视频传输依赖于移动通信网络以致使用环境受限的问题, 在没有移动通信网络的地 区, 研发了基于无线电技术的车载无线视频监控系统。 系统以小车为载体, 通过控制车体移动及车上摄像头的 转动获得最大监控视角, 使用 FPGA(Field-Programmable Gate Array)驱动 OV7670 摄像头对周围环境的图像信息 进行采集缓存, 采用无线电技术在 1. 2 GHz 频段将视频信号传输至接收端, 接收端连接上位机显示回传图像。 实验测试表明, 车体运行稳定, 可进入狭小空间进行视频监控且监控范围无死角; 利用无线电技术可实现视频 信号传输, 画面清晰、 稳定, 室内及室外传输距离可达 25 m 和 80 m 左右。     

Terrain imaging using a SAR system based on reflected GPS signals

This paper describes a 3D multi-static synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging system which utilises reflected GPS signals from moving objects on the Earth's surface. The principle of bi-static radar is used to model the reflected GPS signals. The movement of a visible GPS satellite serves as a base for a synthetic aperture over an observation time period. As an example, a MATLAB simulation has been carried out in order to detect the movement of imaged object sunder the assumption of one static GPS receiver with two targets which move with different speeds. The influence of the visible satellite'sposition and velocity on the spatial resolution of such a SAR system isdiscussed. Simulation results show that by measuring the cross-correlation of the reflected GPS signal from the terrain and objects on it,the detection of the objects can enjoy a good spatial resolution for thecase of moving objects and a moving GPS receiver. Furthermore, thespatial resolution is also related to the selection of visible GPS satelliteswith respect to their azimuths, elevations and velocities. This systemhas the following useful features: (a) no dedicated signal transmitter is required; (b) the GPS signal frequency is reused; (c) GPS operates round-the-clock and its signals cover the entire Earth's surface; (d) low power consumption; and (e) known GPS signal structure.     

New developments of MSRT’s working modes: One-dimensional radio heliograph and IPS telescope

This note introduces the newly developed working modes, i.e. one-dimensional meter-wave radio heliograph (MRH) and interplanetary scintillation (IPS) telescope, of meter-wave aperture synthesis radio telescope (MSRT) at Beijing Astronomical Observatory (BAO). The note describes briefly the scientific objectives, configurations of the hardware and software, and functions of the system. It presents the examples of observations on solar meter-wave bursts and IPS with the two new working modes. The results indicated that new modes not only can provide the information on the evolution of solar activities with space and time, but also can trace and monitor the propagation and spatial distribution of interplanetary plasma shock resulting from solar activities and the instability of the ionosphere, etc. Both modes are new facilities that could fill the gaps in scientific frontiers.     

Two methods to solve the ionospheric electron concentration horizontal gradient at Chongqing

The electron concentration horizontal gradient vector of the ionosphere and its south-north and east-west components over Chongqing station are analyzed and calculated, using the first approximation, time correlation and space correlation and another approach introduced. And then, the validity of the two methods is analyzed and compared. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (69571020) and the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (RFDP1999048602) Biography: Chong Yan-wen(1972-), male, Ph. D. candidate, research direction: ionospheric modeling and inversion.     

旋转条件GPS接收信号频率和相位变化分析

针对高旋转弹丸GPS接收机无法正常工作的问题,通过计算和分析高旋转条件GPS接收信号的频率和相位变化,为设计高旋转条件GPS接收机基带算法提供依据. 根据弹丸旋转运动特点和GPS信号的传播特性建立数学模型,对由于旋转引起的GPS接收信号的多普勒频率和相位变化进行计算. 结果表明,在转速为200r/s时,产生的载波最大多普勒频移为300Hz,相位变化为0.6π,这对载波环路跟踪会产生很大影响. 而码多普勒频移和相位变化不大. 计算结果对高旋转条件GPS信号捕获和跟踪算法设计具有重要参考价值.