生物电池--一种值得重视的环保能源

普通电池能对环境造成严重污染,文章介绍一种新兴的环保型的电池--生物电池.结合生物能量代谢紧密相关的氧化还原反应,给出了生物电池的定义,并作了初步分类,阐述了生物电池的基本原理、主要特点及存在问题,提出了改进效率的几种可能途径.加强对生物电池的研究和开发,对解决环境和能源问题,具有重要意义.     

藻类生物燃料电池

日本工业科学技术厅资源和环境研究所已研制成利用藻类电化学反应来产生电流的原型生物燃料电池。原型生物燃料电池用的是集脆藻,这是一种蓝藻,它在吸收糖并将其转化为能方面效率很高。原型生物燃料     

无轨电车用锂离子电池管理系统的研究

为了配合锂离子电池在无轨电车上的应用,提出了一种针对无轨电车运行环境的锂电池管理系统,能够对车载电池进行故障诊断、分级报警和优化充电.本文主要分析了无轨电车环境下电池运行模式的特点,针对原有铅酸电池的使用和管理问题,提出了更加优化合理的锂离子电池使用方法和控制策略,就电池的故障分级、电池荷电状态(SOC:State of Charge)估算、电池有效利用容量区间、充电电流的计算方法进行了深入研究,提出了多种特殊处理方法,较好配合了锂离子电池在无轨电车上的安全高效使用.     

科学家研发新型生物燃料电池原型 高效率近乎100%

<正>研究人员一直在不断的研发能够通过生物过程发电的各种生物电池,但大多数生物电池都无法产生大量的能量。弗吉尼亚理工学院的研究人员最近开发出一种生物电池原型,它比现在手机等电子设备中的电池更加轻便、更加强大。人体通过新陈代谢过程将糖转变成为能量,在将糖分解成为二氧化碳和水。这种生物电池也能     

捕食苍蝇发电的EcoBotⅡ机器人

据新一期《新科学家》杂志报道，英国西英格兰大学科学家研制成一种独特的能独自发电的机器人，取名为EcoBot Ⅱ。它能利用特殊的生物电化学电池作为能源，生物电化学电池可以溶解苍蝇来发电。城市污水可用作电池充填剂，污水中含有大量细菌，细菌能将捕获的苍蝇转变成电能，由电能来驱动机器人运动。     

电容式钛酸锂电池的设计及制备方法

为解决现有钛酸锂电池在低温下电池容量衰减和充放电过程中的电池胀气问题，从电池内外部结构和制备工艺流程两方面提出新型钛酸锂电池结构设计.在电池内部模仿电容式结构，融合电容器的物理储能方式和蓄能电池的化学储能方式，提升电池在低温环境下的充放电性能.在制备工艺上采取柱形锂离子电池含浸新技术，提高含浸效率，减少电池内部水分，部分解决电池胀气问题，并进行相关性能测试.结果表明，新型钛酸锂电池容量保持率可在9 548次充放电循环下达到92.5%,低温环境下电池容量保持率大于75%,该方法有效提升了钛酸锂电池性能.     

基于MAX11068芯片的锂离子电池管理系统的设计

锂离子电池的发展有助于缓解能源短缺,降低环境和空气污染问题。针对目前锂离子动力电池的发展,提出了一种基于MAX11068芯片的锂离子电池管理系统的设计方案。系统按模块可以分为电压采集和均衡模块,MCU及外围模块,温度采集模块,电流采集模块,通信模块。该锂离子电池管理系统的设计方案具体分析了各个模块的设计功能,单体电池间的均衡原理,实现了对锂离子电池的电压、电流等信息的实时监测,系统测试结果表明整个电池可以高效可靠的运行。     

低压环境下锂离子电池热失控特性研究

针对锂离子电池航空运输过程中热失控安全问题,设计并搭建了锂离子电池热失控实验室平台。在常压和低压环境下,对电加热触发锂离子电池热失控的特性进行了实验研究。通过实验数据的分析发现,锂离子电池在低压环境下的热失控行为与常压下有很大区别,几乎没有燃烧阶段。低压环境下,锂离子电池热失控过程中池体温度和喷射口温度低于常压环境。通过低压下锂离子电池热失控喷射特性的研究,可为航空货运锂离子电池的安全性研究提供数据支撑和理论支持。     

低压环境下锂离子电池的热失控特性分析

针对锂离子电池航空运输过程中热失控安全问题,设计并搭建了锂离子电池热失控实验室平台。在常压和低压环境下,对电加热触发锂离子电池热失控的特性进行了实验研究。通过实验数据的分析发现,锂离子电池在低压环境下的热失控行为与常压下有很大区别,几乎没有燃烧阶段。低压环境下,锂离子电池热失控过程中池体温度和喷射口温度低于常压环境。通过低压下锂离子电池热失控喷射特性的研究,可为航空货运锂离子电池的安全性研究提供数据支撑和理论支持。     

炭载细胞色素c电极对H2O2还原的电催化性能

通过平衡吸附法将细胞色素c(Cytc)沉积到活性炭上制成Cytc-C催化剂，循环伏安的结果表明，所得到的Cytc-C催化剂对H2O2的电化学还原具有较好的催化活性，这为生物燃料电池的研制提供了一种较好的生物大分子固定方法和制备O2和H2O2还原的催化剂的方法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to